Respiratory Virus Detection Rate in Patients with Severe or Atypical Community-acquired Pneumonia

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Ji Won Park ◽  
Sun Young Jung ◽  
Hyuk Soo Eun ◽  
Shinhye Cheon ◽  
Seok Woo Seong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Rate ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia

scholarly journals Incidence, aetiology, and enviromental risk factors of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization in China: a 3-year, prospective, age-stratified, multi-centre case-control study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Qin ◽  
Haijian Zhou ◽  
Hongyu Ren ◽  
Jiantong Meng ◽  
Yinju Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Average Annual Incidence ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading infectious cause of hospitalisation and death worldwide. The knowledge about the incidence and aetiology of CAP in China was fragmented. Methods A multicenter study performed at four hospitals in four regions in China and clinical samples from CAP patients were collected and used for pathogen identification from July 2016 to June 2019. Results A total of 1,674 patients were enrolled and the average annual incidence of hospitalized CAP was 18.7 cases per 10,000 people (95% confidence interval 18.5–19.0). The most common viral and bacterial agents found in patients were respiratory syncytial virus (19.2%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (9.3%). The co-infections percentage was 13.8%. Pathogen distribution displayed variations within age groups, and seasonal and regional differences. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was not detected. Respiratory virus detection was significantly positively correlated with air pollutants, including PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and SO2; and significantly negatively correlated with ambient temperature and O3 content; bacteria detection was opposite. Conclusion The hospitalized CAP incidence in China was higher than previously known. CAP etiology showed differences in age, seasons, regions, and respiratory viruses were detected at a higher rate than bacterial infection overall. Air pollutants and temperature have influence on the detection of pathogens.

scholarly journals Time Distributions of Common Respiratory Pathogens Under the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 Among Children in Xiamen, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhui Wang ◽  
Tiantian Xiao ◽  
Feifan Xiao ◽  
Shaoxian Hong ◽  
Shunqin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

Objectives: The aim of this study was to observe the effect of COVID-19 prevention and control measures on the transmission of common respiratory viruses in a pediatric population.Methods: This was a retrospective observational study. The study population was selected from children with respiratory diseases who attended Xiamen Children's Hospital from January 1, 2018 to January 31, 2021. All children were screened for influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, and Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The changes in respiratory virus detection rates before and after the SARS-CoV-2 intervention were analyzed using an interrupted time-series model. Polynomial curve fitting was also used to predict future short-term trends in respiratory virus detection.Results: A total of 56,859 children were seen at Xiamen Children's Hospital from January 1, 2018 to Jan 31, 2021, of which 32,120 were tested for respiratory viruses via pharyngeal swabs. The overall positive detection rates of the four respiratory viral infections decreased significantly (P = 0.0017) after the implementation of the quarantine and school suspension measures in January 2020. Among them, the detection rate of RSV decreased most significantly (P = 0.008), and although there was no statistically significant difference in the detection rates of the influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, and adenovirus, a downward trend in the graph was observed. The positive detection rates of RSV in the 0–1-, 1–3-, and 3–7-year-old groups all decreased significantly (P = 0.035, 0.016, and 0.038, respectively). The change in the positive detection rate of RSV was relatively stable in the 7–18-year-old group. A total of 10,496 samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2, and no positive cases were reported.Conclusions: The combination of preventive and control measures for COVID-19 reduced the detection rate of four common respiratory viruses, with the greatest impact on RSV. If prevention and control measures continue to be maintained, the overall detection rate or absolute number of detections for the four respiratory viruses will remain low in the short term. However, this trend is likely to vary with the changes in measures.

Respiratory viral testing and antibacterial treatment in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Michael Klompas ◽  
Peter B. Imrey ◽  
Pei-Chun Yu ◽  
Chanu Rhee ◽  
Abhishek Deshpande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Antibacterial Treatment ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Utilization ◽  
Viral Testing ◽  
Virus Testing

Abstract Objective: Viruses are more common than bacteria in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. Little is known, however, about the frequency of respiratory viral testing and its associations with antimicrobial utilization. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: The study included 179 US hospitals. Patients: Adults admitted with pneumonia between July 2010 and June 2015. Methods: We assessed the frequency of respiratory virus testing and compared antimicrobial utilization, mortality, length of stay, and costs between tested versus untested patients, and between virus-positive versus virus-negative patients. Results: Among 166,273 patients with pneumonia on admission, 40,787 patients (24.5%) were tested for respiratory viruses, 94.8% were tested for influenza, and 20.7% were tested for other viruses. Viral assays were positive in 5,133 of 40,787 tested patients (12.6%), typically for influenza and rhinovirus. Tested patients were younger and had fewer comorbidities than untested patients, but patients with positive viral assays were older and had more comorbidities than those with negative assays. Blood cultures were positive for bacterial pathogens in 2.7% of patients with positive viral assays versus 5.3% of patients with negative viral tests (P < .001). Antibacterial courses were shorter for virus-positive versus -negative patients overall (mean 5.5 vs 6.4 days; P < .001) but varied by bacterial testing: 8.1 versus 8.0 days (P = .60) if bacterial tests were positive; 5.3 versus 6.1 days (P < .001) if bacterial tests were negative; and 3.3 versus 5.2 days (P < .001) if bacterial tests were not obtained (interaction P < .001). Conclusions: A minority of patients hospitalized with pneumonia were tested for respiratory viruses; only a fraction of potential viral pathogens were assayed; and patients with positive viral tests often received long antibacterial courses.

scholarly journals Microfluidic sample preparation for respiratory virus detection: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 011503
Author(s):  
Ryan Zenhausern ◽  
Chia-Hung Chen ◽  
Jeong-Yeol Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Virus Detection

scholarly journals Methods of Respiratory Virus Detection: Advances towards Point-of-Care for Early Intervention

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
Siming Lu ◽  
Sha Lin ◽  
Hongrui Zhang ◽  
Liguo Liang ◽  
Shien Shen
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Frequent Monitoring ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
New Strategies

Respiratory viral infections threaten human life and inflict an enormous healthcare burden worldwide. Frequent monitoring of viral antibodies and viral load can effectively help to control the spread of the virus and make timely interventions. However, current methods for detecting viral load require dedicated personnel and are time-consuming. Additionally, COVID-19 detection is generally relied on an automated PCR analyzer, which is highly instrument-dependent and expensive. As such, emerging technologies in the development of respiratory viral load assays for point-of-care (POC) testing are urgently needed for viral screening. Recent advances in loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), biosensors, nanotechnology-based paper strips and microfluidics offer new strategies to develop a rapid, low-cost, and user-friendly respiratory viral monitoring platform. In this review, we summarized the traditional methods in respiratory virus detection and present the state-of-art technologies in the monitoring of respiratory virus at POC.

scholarly journals Clinical significance of respiratory virus detection in patients with acute exacerbation of interstitial lung diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Saraya ◽  
Hirokazu Kimura ◽  
Daisuke Kurai ◽  
Masaki Tamura ◽  
Yukari Ogawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exacerbation ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases

scholarly journals PCR Detection of Respiratory Pathogens in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicklas Sundell ◽  
Lars-Magnus Andersson ◽  
Robin Brittain-Long ◽  
Pär-Daniel Sundvall ◽  
Åsa Alsiö ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Rate ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Symptomatic Patient ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Asymptomatic Subjects ◽  
Hospital Emergency Departments

ABSTRACTThe frequency of viral respiratory pathogens in asymptomatic subjects is poorly defined. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of respiratory pathogens in the upper airways of asymptomatic adults, compared with a reference population of symptomatic patients sampled in the same centers during the same period. Nasopharyngeal (NP) swab samples were prospectively collected from adults with and without ongoing symptoms of respiratory tract infection (RTI) during 12 consecutive months, in primary care centers and hospital emergency departments, and analyzed for respiratory pathogens by a PCR panel detecting 16 viruses and four bacteria. Altogether, 444 asymptomatic and 75 symptomatic subjects completed sampling and follow-up (FU) at day 7. In the asymptomatic subjects, the detection rate of viruses was low (4.3%), and the most common virus detected was rhinovirus (3.2%).Streptococcus pneumoniaewas found in 5.6% of the asymptomatic subjects andHaemophilus influenzaein 1.4%. The only factor independently associated with low viral detection rate in asymptomatic subjects was age ≥65 years (P = 0.04). An increased detection rate of bacteria was seen in asymptomatic subjects who were currently smoking (P < 0.01) and who had any chronic condition (P < 0.01). We conclude that detection of respiratory viruses in asymptomatic adults is uncommon, suggesting that a positive PCR result from a symptomatic patient likely is relevant for ongoing respiratory symptoms. Age influences the likelihood of virus detection among asymptomatic adults, and smoking and comorbidities may increase the prevalence of bacterial pathogens in the upper airways.

scholarly journals Self-assembled chromogen-loaded polymeric cocoon for respiratory virus detection

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 388-396
Author(s):  
Indra Memdi Khoris ◽  
Akhilesh Babu Ganganboina ◽  
Tetsuro Suzuki ◽  
Enoch Y. Park
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
The Self ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Self Assembled

Inspired by the self-assembly approach, in this work, the chromogen, 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), was successfully co-precipitated in aqueous solution to form collective nanoparticles (NPs) of signal molecules (TMB-NPs).

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