Three-Dimensional Seismic Data Reveals the Finer a Piercement Salt Dome

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Blake ◽  
James B. Jennings ◽  
Michael P. Curtis ◽  
Rhona M. Philipson
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Salt Dome

Reconstruction of the Reservoir Fine Structure by Using Scattering Attributes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Cheverda ◽  
Vadim Lisitsa ◽  
Maksim Protasov ◽  
Galina Reshetova ◽  
Andrey Ledyaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Fractured Reservoirs ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Discrete Elements ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
The North ◽  
Slip Surfaces

Abstract To develop the optimal strategy for developing a hydrocarbon field, one should know in fine detail its geological structure. More and more attention has been paid to cavernous-fractured reservoirs within the carbonate environment in the last decades. This article presents a technology for three-dimensional computing images of such reservoirs using scattered seismic waves. To verify it, we built a particular synthetic model, a digital twin of one of the licensed objects in the north of Eastern Siberia. One distinctive feature of this digital twin is the representation of faults not as some ideal slip surfaces but as three-dimensional geological bodies filled with tectonic breccias. To simulate such breccias and the geometry of these bodies, we performed a series of numerical experiments based on the discrete elements technique. The purpose of these experiments is the simulation of the geomechanical processes of fault formation. For the digital twin constructed, we performed full-scale 3D seismic modeling, which made it possible to conduct fully controlled numerical experiments on the construction of wave images and, on this basis, to propose an optimal seismic data processing graph.

THREE‐DIMENSIONAL SEISMIC METHOD

Geophysics ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Average Velocity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Seismic Method ◽  
Dynamic Display ◽  
Profile Line ◽  
Production Problems ◽  
Dense Coverage

The three‐dimensional seismic method is a different way of gathering and presenting seismic data. Instead of showing the subsurface beneath a profile line, 3-D displays give an, areal picture from the shallowest reflector to the deepest one that can be found seismically. Data are collected in the field with cross‐spreads that provide over 2000 evenly spaced depth points on each reflecting interface. Several variations of the cross‐spread technique give the same subsurface coverage while providing flexibility in data gathering. Because of the dense coverage, the method is best suited for problems requiring great detail, such as production problems. The usual presentation of 3-D data is a visual, moving display of emerging wavefronts covering four sq mi of surface. From this dynamic display, average velocity to each reflector and the dip direction and magnitude can be computed. The method has proved especially useful for the recognition of faults and determination of fault directions.

scholarly journals Evidence for massive emission of methane from a deep‐water gas field during the Pliocene

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (45) ◽  
pp. 27869-27876
Author(s):  
Martino Foschi ◽  
Joseph A. Cartwright ◽  
Christopher W. MacMinn ◽  
Giuseppe Etiope
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Atmospheric Methane ◽  
Borehole Data ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Water Gas ◽  
Fluid Flow Modeling

Geologic hydrocarbon seepage is considered to be the dominant natural source of atmospheric methane in terrestrial and shallow‐water areas; in deep‐water areas, in contrast, hydrocarbon seepage is expected to have no atmospheric impact because the gas is typically consumed throughout the water column. Here, we present evidence for a sudden expulsion of a reservoir‐size quantity of methane from a deep‐water seep during the Pliocene, resulting from natural reservoir overpressure. Combining three-dimensional seismic data, borehole data and fluid‐flow modeling, we estimate that 18–27 of the 23–31 Tg of methane released at the seafloor could have reached the atmosphere over 39–241 days. This emission is ∼10% and ∼28% of present‐day, annual natural and petroleum‐industry methane emissions, respectively. While no such ultraseepage events have been documented in modern times and their frequency is unknown, seismic data suggest they were not rare in the past and may potentially occur at present in critically pressurized reservoirs. This neglected phenomenon can influence decadal changes in atmospheric methane.

On‐line movies of reflection seismic data with description of a movie machine

Geophysics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Ottolini ◽  
Charles Sword ◽  
Jon F. Claerbout
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Data Cube ◽  
Reflection Seismic ◽  
On Line

On‐line movies are an exciting way to view reflection seismic data. We make a movie by slicing through a three‐dimensional (3-D) seismic data cube in a selected direction (Figure 1). By sweeping through the data fast enough, it is possible to get another perspective of what is going on in the data than by examining still frames. By twiddling various knobs and buttons, we can zoom onto a zone of interest, magnify it, rotate it, and change the color to emphasize a feature of interest.

Migration of seismic data by phase shift plus interpolation

Geophysics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeno Gazdag ◽  
Piero Sguazzero
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Wave Field ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reference Wave ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Lateral Velocity ◽  
Wave Fields ◽  
Shift Method ◽  
Phase Shift Method

Under the horizontally layered velocity assumption, migration is defined by a set of independent ordinary differential equations in the wavenumber‐frequency domain. The wave components are extrapolated downward by rotating their phases. This paper shows that one can generalize the concepts of the phase‐shift method to media having lateral velocity variations. The wave extrapolation procedure consists of two steps. In the first step, the wave field is extrapolated by the phase‐shift method using ℓ laterally uniform velocity fields. The intermediate result is ℓ reference wave fields. In the second step, the actual wave field is computed by interpolation from the reference wave fields. The phase shift plus interpolation (PSPI) method is unconditionally stable and lends itself conveniently to migration of three‐dimensional data. The performance of the methods is demonstrated on synthetic examples. The PSPI migration results are then compared with those obtained from a finite‐difference method.

On: “Seismic contouring: A unique skill” by P. M. Tucker (GEOPHYSICS, 53, 741–749, June 1988).

Geophysics ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-270
Author(s):  
Donald S. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Geologic Structure ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Structural Interpretation

As a happy owner of the popular SEG monographs by Tucker and Yorston (1973) and Tucker (1982), the appearance of Tucker (1988) as the leadoff article in the June, 1988 issue of Geophysics caught my attention, and I began reading with high expectations. Admitting that the paper was chiefly about the philosophy and mechanics of contouring seismic data, I nevertheless found it disappointing, primarily because in describing his unique seismic contouring skill, Tucker never mentions migration or its importance in the conversion of raw seismic times to three‐dimensional (3-D) geologic structure. Also, many of the statements in his paper can be challenged on the grounds of imprecision or omission in terms of real structural interpretation.

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