Recent Developments in The Use of Hip for The Offshore Industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Shipley ◽  
Chad Beamer ◽  
Johannes Gårdstam
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Shrinkage Porosity ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Internal Defects ◽  
Near Net Shape ◽  
Offshore Industry ◽  
Reduce Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Free Material

Abstract The use of additive manufacturing (AM) technology is growing rapidly for offshore use, whilst established production technologies such as powder metallurgy near-net-shape (PM-NNS) continue to be used. New standards are being introduced and many of the oil and gas majors are now developing supply chains to ensure rapid supply of high-quality complex parts. Environmental concerns are helping to drive this with use of near-net-shape technologies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions through more efficient designs and metal forming methods. Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) has been used to remove shrinkage porosity and internal defects in cast products for many years, predominantly to improve mechanical properties and fatigue resistance. Recently, there has been an increasing focus on AM processes for demanding applications where localized corrosion and similar internal defects and porosity are a concern. HIP technology is being used to either produce PM-NNS parts, or for the post processing of AM produced components to ensure defect free material prior to service in demanding environments. This paper will present a broad overview in the use of HIP equipment to produce parts and components to the offshore industry.

Subsea Manifolds: An Alternate Fabrication Strategy Using HIP PM Near Net Shapes

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl-Gustaf Hjorth ◽  
John C. Hebeisen
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Martensitic Steels ◽  
Near Net Shape

The fabrication of near net shape powder metal (PM) components by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) has been an important manufacturing technology for steel and stainless steel alloys since about 1985. The manufacturing process involves inert gas atomization of powder, 3D CAD capsule design, sheet metal capsule fabrication and densification by HIP in very large pressure vessels. Since 1985, several thousand tonnes of parts have been produced. The major applications are found in the oil and gas industry especially in offshore applications, the industrial power generation industry, the pulp and paper industry and in pharmaceuticals and traditional engineering industries. Typically, the components replace castings, forgings and fabricated parts and are produced in grades such as martensitic steels, austenitic and duplex (ferritic/austenitic) stainless steels and nickel- based superalloys. The application of HIP PM near net shapes to manifolds for medium to high pressure use has a number of advantages compared to the traditional forging and welding approach. First, the need for machining of the components is reduced to a minimum and welding during final assembly is reduced substantially. Manifolds by HIP design reduce the necessary welding by 70–90%. Mechanical properties of the HIP PM part are isotropic and equal to the best forged properties in the flow direction as is demonstrated below. This derives from the fine uniform microstructure of the PM parts. The PM parts are significantly lighter in weight because of the need to stiffen the forged component at the location of the weldment for the intersecting passageway — the PM parts can be smoothly blended into the intersection without need for welding. Furthermore, the PM HIP components can be made with significantly reduced manufacturing lead-time, greater design flexibility and improved cost for the final component. The PM HIP near net shape route has received approval from both ASTM [1,2,3] and NACE [4] for specific steel, stainless steel and nickel base alloys. This paper reviews the manufacturing sequence for PM near net shapes and discusses the details of several successful applications. The application of the HIP PM process to subsea manifolds is highlighted.

scholarly journals Review of Cryogenic Carbon Capture Innovations and Their Potential Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Carolina Font-Palma ◽  
David Cann ◽  
Chinonyelum Udemu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Technological Readiness ◽  
Cryogenic Carbon Capture ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Air Capture ◽  
Reduce Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Recovery

Our ever-increasing interest in economic growth is leading the way to the decline of natural resources, the detriment of air quality, and is fostering climate change. One potential solution to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from industrial emitters is the exploitation of carbon capture and storage (CCS). Among the various CO2 separation technologies, cryogenic carbon capture (CCC) could emerge by offering high CO2 recovery rates and purity levels. This review covers the different CCC methods that are being developed, their benefits, and the current challenges deterring their commercialisation. It also offers an appraisal for selected feasible small- and large-scale CCC applications, including blue hydrogen production and direct air capture. This work considers their technological readiness for CCC deployment and acknowledges competing technologies and ends by providing some insights into future directions related to the R&D for CCC systems.

Identifying Key Safety Culture Factors for the Offshore Industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Lou ◽  
Ezra Wari ◽  
James Curry ◽  
Kevin McSweeney ◽  
Rick Curtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Culture ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
The Us ◽  
Offshore Industry ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Oil

This research identifies key factors, or safety culture categories, that can be used to help describe the safety culture for the offshore oil and gas industry and develop a comprehensive offshore safety culture assessment toolkit for use by the US Gulf of Mexico (GoM) owners and operators. Detailed questionnaires from selected safety culture frameworks of different industries were collected and analyzed to identify important safety culture factors and key questions for assessment. Safety frameworks from different associations were investigated, including the Center for Offshore Safety (COS), Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE), and the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). The safety culture factors of each of these frameworks were generalized and analyzed. The frequency of the safety culture factors in each framework was analyzed to explore commonality. The literature review and analysis identified a list of common factors among safety culture frameworks.

scholarly journals The global trend towards decarbonization of the economy, the introduction of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism in the EU and the possible consequences for Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 09021
Author(s):  
Vladimir Sh. Urazgaliev ◽  
V. Novikov Andrey ◽  
A. Menshikova Galina
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
Adjustment Mechanism ◽  
Reduce Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Products ◽  
Climate Neutrality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Border Adjustment

Research background: In the process of implementing the Paris Agreement (2015), Europe is a leader in the formation of new legislative initiatives in order to develop a set of effective measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere. The European Commission approved the European Green Deal (2015) - a strategy for achieving the EU parameters of climate neutrality through the transition to a clean circular economy. Its main goal is to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 by 50 - 55% from 1990 levels and achieve full carbon neutrality of the EU by 2050. As part of this strategy, the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is being developed. The introduction of CBAM means a revolutionary transformation in the system of international economic relations. Purpose of the article is to identify and assess possible risks for producers and consumers, primarily of energy products after the introduction of CBAM, as well as the impact of these risks on Russian exports to Europe. Methods: The authors carried out a comparative analysis of scenarios for the implementation of CBAM in the sectorial and product segments of trade between Russia and the EU. Findings: The article contains comparative assessments of the beginning redistribution of international markets in the sectoral and product coverage of emissions, as well as an analysis of the unfolding contradictions in the verification of methods for determining the carbon footprint in the production chains of the real sector of the economy.

LED Street Lighting: A Looking Ahead Perspective

Green ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosaria Ciriminna ◽  
Lorenzo Albanese ◽  
Francesco Meneguzzo ◽  
Mario Pagliaro
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Common Pathway ◽  
Street Lighting ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Global Impact ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Quality Principles ◽  
The Common ◽  
Reduce Carbon Dioxide

AbstractProvided that LED street lighting is guided by quality principles, outdoor illumination using light-emitting diodes will have a significant global impact helping to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, save relevant amounts of electricity and enhance the quality of life in cities as well as in remote areas. This study summarizes recent findings providing guidelines for further progress in this crucially important technology on the common pathway to sustainable development.

Producing HP Pump Barrels Utilizing Powder Metallurgy and Hot Isostatic Pressing

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bjurstro¨m ◽  
Carl-Gustaf Hjorth
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Uniform Structure ◽  
Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Near Net Shape ◽  
Hip Process

The fabrication of near net shape powder metal (PM) components by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) has been an important manufacturing technology for steel and stainless steel alloys since about 1985. The manufacturing process involves inert gas atomization of powder, 3D CAD capsule design, sheet metal capsule fabrication and densification by HIP in very large pressure vessels. Since 1985, several thousand tonnes of parts have been produced. The major applications are found in the oil and gas industry especially in offshore applications, the industrial power generation industry, and traditional engineering industries. Typically, the components replace castings, forgings and fabricated parts and are produced in high alloy grades such as martensitic steels, austenitic stainless steels, duplex (ferritic/austenitic) stainless steels and nickel based superalloys. The application of PM/HIP near net shapes to pump barrels for medium to high pressure use has a number of advantages compared to the traditional forging and welding approach. First, the need for machining of the components is reduced to a minimum and welding during final assembly is reduced substantially. Mechanical properties of the PM/HIP parts are isotropic and equal to the best forged properties in the flow direction. This derives from the fine microstructure using powder powder and the uniform structure from the HIP process. Furthermore, when using the PM HIP process the parts are produced near net shape with supports, nozzles and flanges integrated. This significantly reduces manufacturing lead-time and gives greater design flexibility which improves cost for the final component. The PM HIP near net shape route has received approval from ASTM, NACE and API for specific steel, stainless steel and nickel base alloys. This paper reviews the manufacturing sequence for PM near net shapes and discusses the details of several successful applications. The application of the PM/HIP process to high pressure pump barrels is highlighted.

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