The Impact of Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen in Fuel Gas on Gas Turbine Operation

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Welch ◽  
B. Igoe
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
The Impact

Gas Turbine Combined Cycle With CO2-Capture Using Auto-Thermal Reforming of Natural Gas

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thormod Andersen ◽  
Hanne M. Kvamsdal ◽  
Olav Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Chemical Absorption ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Gas

A concept for capturing and sequestering CO2 from a natural gas fired combined cycle power plant is presented. The present approach is to decarbonise the fuel prior to combustion by reforming natural gas, producing a hydrogen-rich fuel. The reforming process consists of an air-blown pressurised auto-thermal reformer that produces a gas containing H2, CO and a small fraction of CH4 as combustible components. The gas is then led through a water gas shift reactor, where the equilibrium of CO and H2O is shifted towards CO2 and H2. The CO2 is then captured from the resulting gas by chemical absorption. The gas turbine of this system is then fed with a fuel gas containing approximately 50% H2. In order to achieve acceptable level of fuel-to-electricity conversion efficiency, this kind of process is attractive because of the possibility of process integration between the combined cycle and the reforming process. A comparison is made between a “standard” combined cycle and the current process with CO2-removal. This study also comprise an investigation of using a lower pressure level in the reforming section than in the gas turbine combustor and the impact of reduced steam/carbon ratio in the main reformer. The impact on gas turbine operation because of massive air bleed and the use of a hydrogen rich fuel is discussed.

Impact of Internal Entrainment on High Intensity Distributed Combustion

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed E. E. Khalil ◽  
Ashwani K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Flame Structure ◽  
Flame Stabilization ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustors ◽  
Reactive Gases ◽  
The Impact

Colorless Distributed Combustion (also referred to as CDC) has been shown to provide ultra-low emissions and enhanced performance of high intensity gas turbine combustors. To achieve distributed combustion, the flowfield needs to be tailored for adequate mixing between reactants and hot reactive species from within the combustor to result in high temperature low oxygen concentration environment prior to ignition. Such reaction distribution results in uniform thermal field and also eliminates any hot spots for mitigating NOx emission. Though CDC have been extensively studied using a variety of geometries, heat release intensities, and fuels, the role of internally recirculated hot reactive gases needs to be further investigated and quantified. In this paper, the impact of internal entrainment of reactive gases on flame structure and behavior is investigated with focus on fostering distributed combustion and providing guidelines for designing future gas turbine combustors operating in distributed combustion mode. To simulate the recirculated gases from within the combustor, a mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide is introduced to the air stream prior to mixing with fuel and subsequent combustion. Increase in the amounts of nitrogen and carbon dioxide (simulating increased entrainment), led to volume distributed reaction over a larger volume in the combustor with enhanced and uniform distribution of the OH* chemiluminescence intensity. At the same time, the bluish flame stabilized by the swirler is replaced with a more uniform almost invisible bluish flame. The increased recirculation also reflected on the pollutants emission, where NO emissions were significantly decreased for the same amount of fuel burned. Lowering oxygen concentration from 21% to 15% (due to increased recirculation) resulted in 80∼90% reduction in NO with no impact on CO emission with sub PPM NO emission achieved at an equivalence ratio of 0.7. Flame stabilization at excess recirculation can be achieved using preheated nitrogen and carbon dioxide, achieving true distributed conditions with oxygen concentration below 13%.

Thermoeconomic Analysis of a Gas Turbine Plant With Fuel Decarbonization and Carbon Dioxide Sequestration

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bozzolo ◽  
M. Brandani ◽  
A. Traverso ◽  
A. F. Massardo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Sequestration ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Total Capital ◽  
Total Capital Investment ◽  
Water Gas

In this paper the thermoeconomic analysis of gas turbine plants with fuel decarbonisation and carbon dioxide sequestration is presented. The study focuses on the amine (MEA) decarbonisation plant lay-out and design, also providing economic data about the total capital investment costs of the plant. The system is fuelled with methane that is chemically treated through a partial oxidation and a water-gas shift reactor. CO2 is captured from the resulting gas mixture, using an absorbing solution of water and MEA that is continuously re-circulated through an absorption tower and a regeneration tower: the decarbonised fuel gas is afterwards burned in the gas turbine. The heat required by CO2 sequestration is mainly recovered from the gas turbine exhausts and partially from the fuel treatment section. The reduction in efficiency and the increase in energy production costs due to fuel amine decarbonisation is evaluated and discussed for different gas turbine sizes and technologies (microturbine, small size regenerated, aeroderivative, heavy duty). The necessary level of carbon tax for a conventional plant without a fuel decarbonisation section is calculated and a comparison with the Carbon Exergy Tax procedure is carried out, showing the good agreement of the results.

scholarly journals Combustion of Coal-Derived Fuel Gas in an Oxygen-Blown Pressurized Topping Combustor

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. J. Hoppesteyn ◽  
Jans Andries ◽  
Klaus R. G. Hein
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
System Pressure

Advanced integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plants promise to be efficient and environmentally friendly systems to utilise solid fuels for the production of electricity and heat. An IGCC system consists of a gasifier, producing a low calorific value (LCV) fuel gas, and a gas turbine in which the LCV fuel gas is being combusted. At this time some demonstration IGCC plants have been commissioned in the United States and Europe. A sound understanding of the interaction between the gasifier and the gas turbine combustor is critical for successful operation of an IGCC system. Reliable theoretical and experimental information on the characteristics of the gas turbine as a whole and the combustor as such, leading to this information is needed prior to commercialisation of these IGCC systems. The combustion of natural gas in gas turbine combustors has been studied extensively. The combustion of coal-derived LCV fuel gas however has been studied in much less detail. To obtain more fundamental data on the combustion of LCV fuel gas, a 1.5 MW pressurised fluidised bed gasifier (PFBG) with a separate pressurised topping combustor (PTC) has been designed, built and operated at Delft University of Technology (The Netherlands). The maximum system pressure is 10 bar. Experiments have been performed at 8 bar, using recirculated flue gas, steam and oxygen as gasifying agents. The produced LCV fuel gas is combusted in an oxygen blown PTC. In this way a flue gas with a high carbon dioxide concentration can be obtained from which the carbon dioxide can be removed more easily than from flue gases. A numerical model has been constructed to simulate the combustion of the LCV fuel gas in the PTC. A detailed description of the test rig will be given. The first experimental results will be described and compared with simulation results obtained with the commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics code Fluent version 4.3. Finally the future work will be described.

The Impact of Model Assumptions on the CFD Assisted Design of Gas Turbine Packages

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Lucherini ◽  
Vittorio Michelassi ◽  
Stefano Minotti
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Computational Effort ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A gas turbine is usually installed inside a package to reduce the acoustics emissions and protect against adverse environmental conditions. An enclosure ventilation system is keeps temperatures under acceptable limits and dilutes any potentially explosive accumulation of gas due to unexpected leakages. The functional and structural integrity as well as certification needs of the instrumentation and auxiliary systems in the package require that temperatures do not exceed a given threshold. Moreover, accidental fuel gas leakages inside the package must be studied in detail for safety purposes as required by ISO21789. CFD is routinely used in BHGE (Baker Hughes, a GE Company) to assist in the design and verification of the complete enclosure and ventilation system. This may require multiple CFD runs of very complex domains and flow fields in several operating conditions, with a large computational effort. Modeling assumptions and simulation set-up in terms of turbulence and thermal models, and the steady or unsteady nature of the simulations must be carefully assessed. In order to find a good compromise between accuracy and computational effort the present work focuses on the analysis of three different approaches, RANS, URANS and Hybrid-LES. The different computational approaches are first applied to an isothermal scaled-down model for validation purposes where it was possible to determine the impact of the large-scale flow unsteadiness and compare with measurements. Then, the analysis proceeds to a full-scale real aero-derivative gas turbine package. in which the aero and thermal field were investigated by a set of URANS and Hybrid-LES that includes the heat released by the engine. The different approaches are compared by analyzing flow and temperature fields. Finally, an accidental gas leak and the subsequent gas diffusion and/or accumulation inside the package are studied and compared. The outcome of this work highlights how the most suitable approach to be followed for industrial purposes depends on the goal of the CFD study and on the specific scenario, such as NPI Program or RQS Project.

scholarly journals Chemically Recuperated Gas Turbines for Offshore Platform: Energy and Environmental Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12566
Author(s):  
Oleg Bazaluk ◽  
Valerii Havrysh ◽  
Oleksandr Cherednichenko ◽  
Vitalii Nitsenko
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Wobbe Index ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle ◽  
The Impact

Currently, offshore areas have become the hotspot of global gas and oil production. They have significant reserves and production potential. Offshore platforms are energy-intensive facilities. Most of them are equipped with gas turbine engines. Many technologies are used to improve their thermal efficiency. Thermochemical recuperation is investigated in this paper. Much previous research has been restricted to analyzing of the thermodynamic potential of the chemically recuperated gas turbine cycle. However, little work has discussed the operation issues of this cycle. The analysis of actual fuel gases for the steam reforming process taking into account the actual load of gas turbines, the impact of steam reforming on the Wobbe index, and the impact of a steam-fuel reforming process on the carbon dioxide emissions is the novelty of this study. The obtained simulation results showed that gas turbine engine efficiency improved by 8.1 to 9.35% at 100% load, and carbon dioxide emissions decreased by 10% compared to a conventional cycle. A decrease in load leads to a deterioration in the energy and environmental efficiency of chemically recuperated gas turbines.

Thermoeconomic Analysis of Gas Turbine Plants With Fuel Decarbonization and Carbon Dioxide Sequestration

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 947-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bozzolo ◽  
M. Brandani ◽  
A. Traverso ◽  
A. F. Massardo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Sequestration ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Total Capital ◽  
Total Capital Investment ◽  
Water Gas

In this paper the thermoeconomic analysis of gas turbine plants with fuel decarbonization and carbon dioxide sequestration is presented. The study focuses on the amine (MEA) decarbonization plant layout and design, also providing economic data about the total capital investment costs of the plant. The system is fuelled with methane that is chemically treated through a partial oxidation and a water-gas shift reactor. CO2 is captured from the resulting gas mixture, using an absorbing solution of water and MEA that is continuously recirculated through an absorption tower and a regeneration tower: the decarbonized fuel gas is afterwards burned in the gas turbine. The heat required by CO2 sequestration is mainly recovered from the gas turbine exhausts and partially from the fuel treatment section. The reduction in efficiency and the increase in energy production costs due to fuel amine decarbonization is evaluated and discussed for different gas turbine sizes and technologies (microturbine, small size regenerated, aeroderivative, heavy duty). The necessary level of carbon tax for a conventional plant without a fuel decarbonization section is calculated and a comparison with the carbon exergy tax procedure is carried out, showing the good agreement of the results.

scholarly journals Research on the influence of fuel gas on energy characteristics of a gas turbine

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 05063 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.E. Marin ◽  
B.M. Osipov ◽  
D.I. Mendeleev
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Equipment Operation ◽  
Turbine Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this paper is to study and analyze the gas turbine engine and the thermodynamic cycle of a gas turbine. The article describes the processes of influence of the working fluid composition on the parameters of the main energy gas turbines, depending on the composition of the fuel gas. The calculations of the thermal scheme of a gas turbine, which were made using mathematical modeling, are given. As a result of research on the operation of the GE PG1111 6FA gas turbine installation with various gas compositions, it was established that when the gas turbine is operating on different fuel gases, the engine efficiency changes. The gas turbine efficiency indicators were determined for various operating parameters and fuel composition. The impact of fuel components on the equipment operation is revealed.

scholarly journals Coal-Biomass Gasification in a Pressurized Fluidized Bed Gasifier

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. de Jong ◽  
J. Andries ◽  
K. R. G. Hein
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Thermal Capacity ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Development Unit ◽  
State Behaviour ◽  
Fluidized Bed Gasifier ◽  
The Impact

In the framework of a multi-national European Joule project, experimental research and modeling concerning co-gasification of biomass and coal in a bubbling pressurized fluidized bed reactor is performed. The impact of fuel characteristics (biomass type, mixing ratio) and process conditions (pressure, temperature, gas residence time, air-fuel ratio and air-steam ratio) on the performance of the gasifier (carbon conversion, fuel gas composition, non-steady state behaviour) was studied experimentally and theoretically. Pelletized straw and miscanthus were used as biomass fuels. The process development unit has a maximum thermal capacity of 1.5 MW and was operated at pressures up to 10 bar and bed temperatures in the range of 650 °C–900 °C. The bed zone of the reactor is 2 m high with a diameter of 0.4 m and is followed by an adiabatic freeboard, approximately 4 m high with a diameter of 0.5 m. Time-averaged as well as time-dependent characteristics of the fuel gas were determined experimentally. The results will be compared with the gas turbine requirements provided by a gas turbine manufacturer, one of the partners in the project. The evaluation of the results will ultimately be used to implement and test an adequate control strategy for the pressurized fluidized bed gasifier integrated with a gas turbine combustion chamber.

scholarly journals Conditioning and Detailed Analysis of Biomass Derived Fuel Gas Ongoing and Planned Work by Battelle

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Anson ◽  
Mark A. Paisley ◽  
M. A. Ratcliff
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
The Impact

Gas turbine based power and cogeneration schemes are likely to become more favored as turbine efficiencies improve, but the economics of local power generation may depend on the use of low cost fuels other than natural gas. Opportunities may arise in the application of gas turbines in the pulp and paper industry and the wider use of biomass derived fuels in general. These fuels, as produced, typically contain inorganic impurities originating from ash forming substances and other minor constituents of the feedstock. Also, depending on the biomass treatment process, they contain varying amounts of complex organic derivatives, commonly referred to as tars, and some simpler condensable vapors. The Department of Energy is sponsoring work aimed at providing realistic data on low level constituents and impurities in gas derived by indirect gasification of wood, some of which may have disproportionately severe effects on turbine operation, durability, and emissions performance. It is planned to sample gas from both laboratory scale (up to 20 tons/day) and pilot scale (200 tons/day) installations and to assess the effectiveness of wet scrubbing procedures and catalytic reforming of condensables in cleaning up the gases. This paper discusses the rationale for this work, experimental approach, and analytic procedures that will be used. The work will include the operation of a small (220-kWe) gas turbine to provide direct information on the impact of using the final biomass derived gas delivered by the system. The laboratory scale work is currently under way, with a planned completion date in mid 2000. The second phase is dependent on arrangements for integration of the R&D effort with the operation of the pilot plant.

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