SS: Subsea Well Intervention: Experiences From Operating New Generation Riserlesss Light Well Intervention Units in the North Sea: Challenges and Future Opportunities

Author(s):  
Robert Friedberg ◽  
Siri Joessang ◽  
Bernt Gramstad ◽  
Snorre Dalane
2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Schiller ◽  
Dagmar Lackschewitz ◽  
Christian Buschbaum ◽  
Karsten Reise ◽  
Shaojun Pang ◽  
...  

Abstract The kelp Undaria pinnatifida, native to East Asian shores, was unintentionally introduced with Pacific oysters into the Mediterranean in 1971. Intentional introduction from there to the French Atlantic coast 12 years later led to a gradual spread to the British Isles and the North Sea. Here, we report on the northernmost established population in continental Europe, and suggest a further spread into Scandinavian waters to be almost inevitable. In 2016, several thalli were found washed ashore at the eastern side of the island of Sylt in the northern Wadden Sea (German Bight, Eastern North Sea). Most specimens bore fertile sporophylls and thallus lengths of >1 m were common. In June 2017, 91 sporophytes were found attached to a mixed bed of Pacific oysters and native blue mussels, located just below low tide level in a moderately sheltered position. Mean thallus length was 0.2 m and the longest 0.7 m. Most had distinctive sporophylls and released spores in the laboratory. From sporophylls collected in the previous year, we successfully reared a new generation, demonstrating the kelp’s potential for further spread by natural means or human vectors.


Twenty years since the discovery of tidal mixing fronts there are still few convincing observations of the velocity field associated with these structures. Simple models of shelf sea fronts predict strong along-front jets, weaker convergent circulations and instabilities. During the North Sea Project a series of studies of the Flamborough frontal system has used a new approach based upon novel combinations of modern instrumentation (HF radar, acoustic Doppler current profiler, Decca-Argos drifting buoys and towed undulating CTD) and have provided one of the first directly observed pictures of shelf sea frontal circulation. Observational confirmation of jetlike along-front flow has been found together with evidence of cross-frontal convergence. A new generation of eddy-resolving models will help to focus the next phase of frontal circulation studies in relation to questions concerning baroclinic instability and eddy generation.


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