The Internal Corrosion Integrity Strategy on the Development of New Offshore Production Areas in Brazil

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Altoé Ferreira ◽  
Marcio Felix Carvalho Bezerra ◽  
Roberto Loschiavo
Keyword(s):  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Offshore Production ◽  
Integrity Strategy ◽  
Production Areas

SHORELINE PLANNING AND RESPONSE IN ICE-DOMINATED ENVIRONMENTS

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 1186-1199
Author(s):  
Edward H. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Tundra ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Shore Zone ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Offshore Production ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Marine Areas ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Transportation Routes

ABSTRACT Many existing or developing offshore production areas and transportation routes are in the Arctic or in marine areas that have seasonal ice. In many respects, the shoreline types of cold-climate or ice-dominated regions are similar to those of ice-free environments. Our knowledge and understanding of shore zone materials and coastal landforms from warmer regions is applicable to these environments in most respects, with the addition of ice and snow and the presence of arctic tundra, glaciers and ice sheets. Oil behaves differently in cold climates depending on the source of the oil, the oil character, and the presence and character of ice and/or snow. A shoreline would be protected from direct contact by oil when ice is present in the shore zone. Ice is impermeable so that oil deposited on the surface remains there unless there are cracks in the ice, the ice conditions are floes grounded on the shore, or during the formation of shore fast ice. Shoreline cleanup methods are not significantly different and no more difficult that in warmer, ice-free regions, except on ice and low-lying arctic tundra. The key challenges for a shoreline response in ice-dominated environments typically are associated with remoteness, safety and logistics. As a result, the emphasis for shoreline cleanup strategies is on in situ treatment techniques that require minimal equipment and manpower resources and generate little or no waste.

Comparative assessment of the inter-sectoral communications of the light industry of Ukraine and the certain countries EU

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Lyubomyr Sozanskyy
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Light Industry ◽  
Industrial Activity ◽  
Trade Sector ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Production Areas

The light industry is an important inter-sectoral segment and a chain of individual production areas. The purpose of the article is to carry out a comparative assessment of the cross-sectoral linkages of light industry of Ukraine with some EU countries and to prepare relevant analytical conclusions. The research revealed that the largest consumers of light industry products in 2013-2017 in Ukraine were the industries that belonged to this type of industrial activity (textile, clothing, leather and other materials), as well as the trade, furniture industry, public administration, and defense. The key problem for the functioning of the Ukrainian light industry is its high import dependence. In particular, the share of imports in intermediate consumption of light industry of Ukraine in 2017 was almost 60%. The share of imports in the expenditures of the Ukrainian light industry was almost 49%. The production activities of light industry in Ukraine use products of many ECs, but the main suppliers of raw materials and components are: textile production, production of clothing, leather, and other materials; production of chemicals and chemical products; wholesale and retail trade; supply of electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning. In 2017, these four sectors totaled 70.74%. The following types of industrial activity in Ukraine have a significant potential for increasing output: production of rubber and plastic products; production of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers; production of other vehicles; public administration and defense; compulsory social security; health care and social assistance. The further development and improvement of the technological level of Ukrainian light industry products requires greater integration of the latter with the trade sector. However, the trade sector in Ukraine requires a thorough “unshadowing”, i.e. legalization of all operations.

Impact of Fertigation versus Controlled-release Fertilizer Formulations on Nitrate Concentrations in Nursery Drainage Water

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Chris Wilson ◽  
Joseph P. Albano
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Fertilization Program ◽  
Median Concentration ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Foliage Plant ◽  
Production Areas

Nitrate-nitrogen (N) losses in surface drainage and runoff water from ornamental plant production areas can be considerable. In N-limited watersheds, discharge of N from production areas can have negative impacts on nontarget aquatic systems. This study monitored nitrate-N concentrations in production area drainage water originating from a foliage plant production area. Concentrations in drainage water were monitored during the transition from 100% reliance on fertigation using urea and nitrate-based soluble formulations (SF) to a nitrate-based controlled-release formulation (CRF). During the SF use period, nitrate-N concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 322.0 mg·L−1 with a median concentration of 31.2 mg·L−1. Conversely, nitrate-N concentrations during the controlled-release fertilization program ranged from 0 to 147.9 mg·L−1 with a median concentration of 0.9 mg·L−1. This project demonstrates that nitrate-N concentrations in drainage water during the CRF program were reduced by 94% to 97% at the 10th through 95th percentiles relative to the SF fertilization program. Nitrate-N concentrations in drainage water from foliage plant production areas can be reduced by using CRF fertilizer formulations relative to SF formulations/fertigation. Similar results should be expected for other similar containerized crops. Managers located within N-limited watersheds facing N water quality regulations should consider the use of CRF fertilizer formulations as a potential tool (in addition to appropriate application rates and irrigation management) for reducing production impacts on water quality.

Calculation of production areas and volumes for seeds of grain crops elite at different stages of its obtaining

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (72) ◽  
pp. 239-242
Author(s):  
Alexandr Malko ◽  
◽  
Anatoliy Berezkin ◽  
Vladimir Pylnev ◽  
Valentina Rubets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Crops ◽  
Production Areas

Water treatment to reduce internal corrosion in the drinking water distribution system in Oslo

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Hem ◽  
E.A. Vik ◽  
A. Bjørnson-Langen
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
Copper Corrosion ◽  
Iron Corrosion ◽  
Internal Corrosion

In 1995 the new Skullerud water treatment plant was put into operation. The new water treatment includes colour removal and corrosion control with an increase of pH, alkalinity and calcium concentration in addition to the old treatment, which included straining and chlorination only. Comparative measurements of internal corrosion were conducted before and after the installation of the new treatment plant. The effect of the new water treatment on the internal corrosion was approximately a 20% reduction in iron corrosion and a 70% reduction in copper corrosion. The heavy metals content in standing water was reduced by approximately 90%. A separate internal corrosion monitoring programme was conducted, studying the effects of other water qualities on the internal corrosion rate. Corrosion coupons were exposed to the different water qualities for nine months. The results showed that the best protection of iron was achieved with water supersaturated with calcium carbonate. Neither a high content of free carbon dioxide or the use of the corrosion inhibitor sodium silicate significantly reduced the iron corrosion rate compared to the present treated water quality. The copper corrosion rate was mainly related to the pH in the water.

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