Diversity and community structure of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in suburban, field, and forest habitats in Montréal, Québec, Canada

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Cloutier ◽  
James W. Fyles ◽  
Christopher M. Buddle
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Mosquito Abundance ◽  
Coquillettidia Perturbans ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Abstract Understanding the medical and economic impacts of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) begins with knowing their natural history and distribution, including their association with habitat types, particularly those in which human activity is high. The effects of habitat on shaping the community structure of mosquitoes were studied across periurban habitats on the island of Montréal, Québec, Canada in 2014 and 2015. Mosquitoes were collected from 20 fixed sampling locations in suburban backyards, fields, and forests, using CO2-baited light-emitting diode encephalitis vector survey traps. A total of 184 607 mosquitoes were collected, representing eight genera and 35 species. Suburban, field, and forest sites had different communities of mosquitoes, but differences were not apparent among sites within similar habitat types in nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordinations and permutational multivariate analysis of variance. In both years, the greatest abundance of mosquitoes was collected from field habitat, and the highest species richness, from forests. Suburban sites consistently generated the lowest abundance and diversity. Nearly 75% of the total individuals collected were from three species: Aedes vexans (Meigen), 39%; Coquillettidia perturbans (Walker), 18%; and Aedes canadensis (Theobald), 16%. This research shows that diverse communities of mosquitoes can be found in forests, fields, and backyards, yet the communities between forests differ from more open habitats. Our community analysis reveals that medically important species (e.g., Culex sp.) are more commonly encountered in suburban backyards, yet overall mosquito nuisance potential is greater in forest and field habitats. This information highlights important patterns of mosquito abundance and species occurrence, vital for the development of management programmes.

scholarly journals The City in the Tropics: Lizard Community Structure and Spatial Resource Use Along an Habitat Gradient of the Dahomey Gap (West Africa)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Luiselli ◽  
Daniele Dendi ◽  
Fabio Petrozzi ◽  
Gabriel Hoinsoudé Segniagbeto
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Habitat Gradient ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Studies on habitat gradients are particularly interesting for the community ecology theory, but almost no investigation has been carried out on community structure of any vertebrate groups along gradients of habitat that were modified by humans in historical or prehistorical times, such as for instance the Dahomey Gap in West Africa. Here, we analyze the community structure of lizards in suburban Lomé (Togo) and in comparison with nearby savannah and forest sites, with a suite of statistical methods. Overall, we recorded 25 lizard species, with a heavy reduction in species richness from forest (18 taxa) to savannah (13) and suburbs (9). 24% of the species occurred in all habitat types, 40% exclusively in forest, and only two were exclusive of suburban habitats. Suburban habitat types were relatively homogeneous in terms of number of observed species (maximum number of taxa per habitat = 6). There were significant interspecific differences in both substratum type preferences and vertical spatial niche by species, but with no evidence of a nonrandom niche partitioning pattern, and hence with a competitively assembled community structure. There was a nonrandom “clustered” distribution of the various species along the available resource categories, thus indicating that species-specific preferences instead of community-driven mechanisms are more likely to explain the observed patterns. We concluded that lizard communities in tropical cities are (i) less species-rich than in the surrounding more natural habitats, (ii) usually clustered into specific habitat/substratum types (often artificial ones), and (iii) not assembled through competitive interactions.

Synchronization of Chaotic Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes under Optical Feedback Effect

2020 ◽  
pp. 144-148
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Delay Time ◽  
Chaos Synchronization ◽  
Optical Feedback ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Feedback Effect ◽  
Complete Synchronization ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Coupling Methods ◽  
Coupling Parameters

Chaos synchronization of delayed quantum dot light emitting diode has been studied theortetically which are coupled via the unidirectional and bidirectional. at synchronization of chaotic, The dynamics is identical with delayed optical feedback for those coupling methods. Depending on the coupling parameters and delay time the system exhibits complete synchronization, . Under proper conditions, the receiver quantum dot light emitting diode can be satisfactorily synchronized with the transmitter quantum dot light emitting diode due to the optical feedback effect.

Effects of Nitridation Time on Top-emission Inverted Organic Light Emitting Diode

PIERS Online ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 821-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Chang Tseng ◽  
Liang-Wen Ji ◽  
Yu Sheng Tsai ◽  
Fuh-Shyang Juang
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Organic Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Nitridation Time ◽  
Organic Light

Items Searching in Factory Warehouse Using Arduino Module

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Tan Liong Ching ◽  
Nureize Binti Arbaiy
Keyword(s):  
Inventory Management ◽  
Liquid Crystal Display ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Voice Recognition ◽  
Inventory System ◽  
Search Process ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Recognition Function ◽  
Light Function

The smart store system (F3 Storage System) provides an inventory system function, and is supported by voice recognition for items searching purpose in the warehouse. This system is aimed to improve effectiveness in item searching process for the warehouse management. An inventory system structures is employed in this system to enable items management. Voice recognition facility helps the worker to search item in an effective way. Worker can use voice recognition function to search the item in the warehouse, and searched information of the item will be displayed in the liquid crystal display (LCD) screen. Meanwhile, the location of the item will be physically indicated by the light emitting diode (LED) light function. The developed system also contains a barcode system to enhance the process of scheduling warehouse activity. Such facilities will enhance the capabilities of existing inventory management systems in warehouses. Prototyping model is used to assist project development. Arduino technology is used to enable integrated hardware and software to read data or input. With Arduino technology, traditional search items by using text and search functionality are enhanced to allow speech functionality. This functionality makes the search process faster and more efficient.

Temperature and Humidity Dependent Reliability Analysis of RGB LED Chips

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Xian Fu ◽  
Shukri Souri ◽  
James S. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Micro Cracks ◽  
Temperature And Humidity

Abstract Temperature and humidity dependent reliability analysis was performed based on a case study involving an indicator printed-circuit board with surface-mounted multiple-die red, green and blue light-emitting diode chips. Reported intermittent failures were investigated and the root cause was attributed to a non-optimized reflow process that resulted in micro-cracks and delaminations within the molding resin of the chips.

Characterization and Elimination of Forward Snapback Defects in GaAs Light Emitting Diodes

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zimmer ◽  
D. Nielsen ◽  
T.A. Anderson ◽  
M. Schade ◽  
N. Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Forward Voltage ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Intermittent Yield ◽  
Si Doped ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Furnace Pressure

Abstract The p-n junction of a GaAs light emitting diode is fabricated using liquid phase epitaxy (LPE). The junction is grown on a Si doped (~1018/cm3) GaAs substrate. Intermittent yield loss due to forward voltage snapback was observed. Historically, out of specification forward voltage (Vf) parameters have been correlated to abnormalities in the junction formation. Scanning electron (SEM) and optical microscopy of cleaved and stained samples revealed a continuous layer of material approximately 2.5 to 3.0 urn thick at the n-epi/substrate interface. Characterization of a defective wafer via secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) revealed an elevated concentration of O throughout the region containing the defect. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) data taken from a wafer prior to growth of the epi layers did not reveal any unusual oxidation or contamination. Extensive review of the processing data suggested LPE furnace pressure was the obvious source of variability. Processing wafers through the LPE furnace with a slight positive H2 gas pressure has greatly reduced the occurrence of this defect.

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