Disruption of coniferophagous bark beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) mass attack using angiosperm nonhost volatiles: from concept to operational use

2020 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-35
Author(s):  
Dezene P.W. Huber ◽  
Christopher J. Fettig ◽  
John H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Insect Herbivory ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Forest Pests ◽  
Nonhost Volatiles ◽  
Bark And Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Mass Attack ◽  
Individual Trees

AbstractAlthough the use of nonhost plants intercropped among host crops has been a standard agricultural practice for reducing insect herbivory for millennia, the use of nonhost signals to deter forest pests is much more recent, having been developed over the past several decades. Early exploratory studies with synthetic nonhost volatile semiochemicals led to targeted electrophysiological and trapping experiments on a variety of bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) across three continents. This work disclosed a suite of antennally and behaviourally active nonhost volatiles, which are detected in common across a range of coniferophagous bark beetles. It also established the fact that dispersing bark and ambrosia beetles detect nonhost signals while in flight and avoid nonhost trees without necessarily landing on them. Later work showed that groups of synthetic nonhost volatiles, sometimes combined with insect-derived antiaggregants, are effective in protecting individual trees and forest stands. Further work in this system may lead to the development of a variety of new and useful tactics for use in various integrated pest management strategies.

Interception frequency of exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) and relationship with establishment in New Zealand and worldwide

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eckehard G Brockerhoff ◽  
John Bain ◽  
Mark Kimberley ◽  
Milos Knížek
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
Forest Pests ◽  
The World ◽  
Bark And Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Highly Correlated

Scolytinae species are among the most damaging forest pests, and many of them are invasive. Over 1500 Scolytinae interceptions were recorded at New Zealand's borders between 1950 and 2000. Among the 103 species were Dendroctonus ponderosae, Ips typographus, and other high-risk species, but actual arrivals probably included many more species. Interceptions were primarily associated with dunnage, casewood (crating), and sawn timber, and originated from 59 countries, mainly from Europe, Australasia, northern Asia, and North America. New Zealand and United States interception data were highly correlated, and 7 of the 10 most intercepted species were shared. Interception frequency and establishment in New Zealand were not clearly related. By combining New Zealand and United States interceptions of true bark beetles we obtained data on species found in shipments from around the world. Logistic regression analysis showed that frequently intercepted species were about four times as likely as rarely intercepted species to be established somewhere. Interception records of wood and bark borers are valuable for the prediction of invaders and for our general understanding of invasions. The use of alternatives to solid wood packaging, such as processed wood, should be encouraged to reduce the spread of invasive wood and bark borers.

scholarly journals Effect of Trap Color on Captures of Bark- and Wood-Boring Beetles (Coleoptera; Buprestidae and Scolytinae) and Associated Predators

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 749
Author(s):  
Giacomo Cavaletto ◽  
Massimo Faccoli ◽  
Lorenzo Marini ◽  
Johannes Spaethe ◽  
Gianluca Magnani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Color Preferences ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Trap Color ◽  
Bark And Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Wood Boring

Traps baited with attractive lures are increasingly used at entry-points and surrounding natural areas to intercept exotic wood-boring beetles accidentally introduced via international trade. Several trapping variables can affect the efficacy of this activity, including trap color. In this study, we tested whether species richness and abundance of jewel beetles (Buprestidae), bark and ambrosia beetles (Scolytinae), and their common predators (i.e., checkered beetles, Cleridae) can be modified using trap colors different to those currently used for surveillance of jewel beetles and bark and ambrosia beetles (i.e., green or black). We show that green and black traps are generally efficient, but also that many flower-visiting or dark-metallic colored jewel beetles and certain bark beetles are more attracted by other colors. In addition, we show that checkered beetles have color preferences similar to those of their Scolytinae preys, which limits using trap color to minimize their inadvertent removal. Overall, this study confirmed that understanding the color perception mechanisms in wood-boring beetles can lead to important improvements in trapping techniques and thereby increase the efficacy of surveillance programs.

scholarly journals Mass attack by the ambrosia beetle Platypus quercivorus occurs in single trees and in groups of trees

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michimasa Yamasaki ◽  
Yasuto Ito ◽  
Makoto Ando
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Quercus Crispula ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Platypus Quercivorus ◽  
Bark And Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Mass Attack ◽  
Individual Trees

Bark and ambrosia beetles sometimes kill trees by attacking them en masse; however, their attack is not necessarily successful. Less than half of the fagaceous trees attacked by the ambrosia beetle Platypus quercivorus (Murayama) die, and the factors affecting this mortality are still unknown. To examine this issue, the survival of all stems of fagaceous trees attacked by the ambrosia beetle was investigated in a secondary forest from 2008 to 2010. In an area of 93 ha, 2130 stems (1278 genets) of fagaceous trees were attacked by P. quercivorus during the study period, and 813 of these stems died. A generalized additive mixed model was constructed to predict the probability of mortality of the attacked stems. A best-fit model showed that the probability of mortality was higher in Quercus crispula Blume than in Castanea crenata Sieb. & Zucc. A positive correlation was determined between the density of the attacked trees and the probability of mortality, suggesting that mass attack of P. quercivorus occurs not only on individual trees, but also on groups of trees. Assuming that trees attacked earlier in the season have a higher probability of mortality, the observed negative effects of altitude suggest that P. quercivorus initially seeks hosts at lower elevations.

scholarly journals Trapping of ambrosia beetles by artificially produced lures in a oak forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 226-230
Author(s):  
Tomáš Fiala ◽  
Jaroslav Holuša
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Forest Pests ◽  
Central European ◽  
Synthetic Pheromone

Ambrosia beetles are among the most damaging forest pests. They are frequently moved intercontinentally and are therefore subject to quarantines. The objective of the current research was to determine whether two commercially produced lures for Trypodendron species also attract central European ambrosia beetles. In 2018, Theysohn<sup>®</sup> traps were deployed in an oak forest that also contained hornbeam and linden trees. Five pair of traps was baited with the standard synthetic pheromone lures, Trypowit<sup>®</sup> or Lineatin Kombi<sup>®</sup>. The 201 adults of ambrosia bark beetles that were trapped were identified to eight species, which represents almost the entire spectrum of oak ambrosia scolytids in the region. Trypodendron domesticum, Xyleborinus saxesenii, and Xyleborus monographus were the most abundant species and exhibited a slight preference for the lure with a higher content of alcohols (Lineatin Kombi<sup>®</sup>). Both lures attracted T. lineatum because both contain lineatin. The number of beetles trapped was low probably because food sources (damaged or wilting oaks) were rare and because the forest was surrounded by agricultural land and therefore isolated from other oak forests.

scholarly journals Maximizing Bark and Ambrosia Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Catches in Trapping Surveys for Longhorn and Jewel Beetles

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 2745-2757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Marchioro ◽  
Davide Rassati ◽  
Massimo Faccoli ◽  
Kate Van Rooyen ◽  
Chantelle Kostanowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Longhorn Beetles ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Trap Color ◽  
Bark And Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Trap Height ◽  
Associated Species ◽  
Wood Boring

Abstract Bark and ambrosia beetles are commonly moved among continents within timber and fresh wood-packaging materials. Routine visual inspections of imported commodities are often complemented with baited traps set up in natural areas surrounding entry points. Given that these activities can be expensive, trapping protocols that attract multiple species simultaneously are needed. Here we investigated whether trapping protocols commonly used to detect longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and jewel beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) can be exploited also for detecting bark and ambrosia beetles. In factorial experiments conducted in 2016 both in Italy (seminatural and reforested forests) and Canada (mixed forest) we tested the effect of trap color (green vs purple), trap height (understory vs canopy), and attractive blend (hardwood-blend developed for broadleaf-associated wood-boring beetles vs ethanol in Italy; hardwood-blend vs softwood-blend developed for conifer-associated wood-boring beetles, in Canada) separately on bark beetles and ambrosia beetles, as well as on individual bark and ambrosia beetle species. Trap color affected catch of ambrosia beetles more so than bark beetles, with purple traps generally more attractive than green traps. Trap height affected both beetle groups, with understory traps generally performing better than canopy traps. Hardwood-blend and ethanol performed almost equally in attracting ambrosia beetles in Italy, whereas hardwood-blend and softwood-blend were more attractive to broadleaf-associated species and conifer-associated species, respectively, in Canada. In general, we showed that trapping variables suitable for generic surveillance of longhorn and jewel beetles may also be exploited for survey of bark and ambrosia beetles, but trapping protocols must be adjusted depending on the forest type.

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