Effect of temperature, population density, and sex on feeding damage caused by adult pea leaf weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Vivian Morley-Senkler ◽  
Jonathon Williams ◽  
Meghan Vankosky
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Daily Temperature ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Abstract Sitona lineatus (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is an important pest of Pisum sativum Linnaeus (Fabaceae) and Vicia faba Linnaeus (Fabaceae). Managing S. lineatus is difficult. There is currently no forecast that can be used to predict S. lineatus population densities between growing seasons (when management decisions are made). Sitona lineatus populations are monitored in spring by assessing adult-induced feeding damage. We assume the quantity of feeding damage is indicative of population density. However, the effects of abiotic factors, including temperature, on feeding rate are not known. We assessed the effects of temperature, population density, and sex on S. lineatus feeding rate by counting feeding notches on host plants exposed to adult weevils for 24 hours at four densities and under five temperature regimes. Individual females consumed more than male weevils. As expected, feeding damage increased with weevil density. The influence of temperature increased as weevil densities increased. Feeding rate did not differ between constant and fluctuating temperature regimes of equal mean daily temperature. Thus, a model based on mean daily temperature may predict weevil density if temperature and damage levels are known. Historical survey data for S. lineatus could be used to develop and validate new models.

scholarly journals Effects of temperature on decomposition of a potential nuisance species: the submerged aquatic macrophyte Egeria najas planchom (Hydrocharitaceae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Carvalho ◽  
S. M. Thomaz ◽  
L. M. Bini
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nuisance Species ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Egeria Najas

Decomposition of aquatic plants is influenced by several biotic and abiotic factors. Among them, temperature plays an important role. Despite the increasing number of studies describing the effects of temperature on the decomposition of aquatic macrophytes, little attention has been given to the decay of submerged macrophytes. In this paper, we assessed the effect of temperature on weight loss and chemical composition of detritus of the submerged aquatic macrophyte Egeria najas Planchon (Hydrocharitaceae). Fresh plant material was maintained at 17ºC and 27ºC, in the dark, in incubation chambers. The overall decay process was best described by a linear model, with rates of 0.014 day-1 (R² = 94%) and 0.045 day-1 (R² = 96%) obtained at 17ºC and 27ºC, respectively. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) indicated a significant difference between the decomposition rates at the two temperatures. The rapid breakdown of E. najas detritus, indicated by the decay coefficient, may be explained by its low content of resistant compounds such as cellulose and lignin. The variables analyzed in this study (pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen in the water and organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentration in detritus) showed accentuated responses at 27ºC. It is likely that the higher temperature increased microbial activity and, therefore, oxygen consumption in the water, consequently affecting the pH and the rate of ion and nutrient liberation into the aquatic ecosystem. Due to the rapid decomposition of E. najas at high temperatures, a small exportation is expected of this species from its stands to distant regions in tropical reservoirs, where it is considered a potential nuisance species.

Effect of biotic and abiotic factors on the morphometric variability of Paratrichodorus rhodesiensis (Nematoda: Trichodoridae) from Senegal

Nematology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-477
Author(s):  
Mandefro Wondirad ◽  
Wilfrida Decraemer ◽  
Pierre Baujard
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Factors ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

AbstractEffects of temperature, humidity, temperature and humidity interaction and host on morphometric variability of Paratrichodorus rhodesiensis were studied. Nematode cultures were established in a glasshouse under controlled environments. Amongst the factors investigated, host was found to be the most influential on both sexes (P < 0.05) affecting all characters in females and eight out of 11 characters in males. Ratios b and c were found to be highly variable and hence their use is not suggested. On the contrary, ratio a was found to be a good indicator of nematode condition, particularly in association with hosts. Vulva position (V) was found to be the most stable character. Paratrichodorus rhodesiensis was affected by higher temperatures of 34 and 36°C. Change in humidity did not show a demonstrable trend on morphometric characters in both sexes. Interaction effect of temperature and humidity resulted in a significant effect on body length and body diameter in females and on ratio b and c, pharynx, onchiostyle and tail length in males.

Effects of temperature and predator:prey ratio on feeding rate in larvae of Atherix lantha Webb (Diptera: Athericidae)

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 644-647
Author(s):  
Fiona F. Hunter ◽  
Tami M. Sadonoja
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Predator:prey experiments were conducted in the laboratory using snipe fly (Atherix lantha Webb) larvae as predators and hydropsychid caddisflies (Cheumatopsyche spp.) as prey. The effects on feeding rate of two different temperature regimes (20 and 10 °C) and five different predator:prey ratios (3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3) were tested. The number of caddisflies consumed per A. lantha larva per day was significantly greater at 20 °C than at 10 °C for the 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2 ratios (2×, 7×, and 2× greater, respectively). There were no significant differences between the 20 and 10 °C treatments at either the 3:1 or 1:3 ratio.

Effect of temperature during the synthesis process of CdSe nanoparticles using the colloidal technique

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (63) ◽  
pp. 3389-3395
Author(s):  
R. González-Díaz ◽  
D. Fernández-Sánchez ◽  
P. Rosendo-Francisco ◽  
G. Sánchez-Legorreta
Keyword(s):  
Scanning Tunneling Microscope ◽  
Electron Cloud ◽  
Cdse Nanoparticles ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscope ◽  
First Results ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractIn this work, the first results of the effects of temperature during the production of Se2- ions and the effect during the interaction of Cd2+ and Se2- ions in the synthesis process of CdSe nanoparticles are presented. The synthesis of CdSe was carried out by the colloidal technique, in the first one we used a temperature of 63 °C to produce Se2- ions and in the second one an interaction temperature of 49 °C. The samples were characterized using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and a Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM). From the SEM micrographs it was possible to identify the thorns formation and irregular islands. STM micrographs reveal elliptical shapes with a regular electron cloud profile.

scholarly journals Effects of temperature on the behaviour and metabolism of an intertidal foraminifera and consequences for benthic ecosystem functioning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noémie Deldicq ◽  
Dewi Langlet ◽  
Camille Delaeter ◽  
Grégory Beaugrand ◽  
Laurent Seuront ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Variable Environment ◽  
Sediment Reworking ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Slow Moving ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

AbstractHeatwaves have increased in intensity, duration and frequency over the last decades due to climate change. Intertidal species, living in a highly variable environment, are likely to be exposed to such heatwaves since they can be emerged for more than 6 h during a tidal cycle. Little is known, however, on how temperature affects species traits (e.g. locomotion and behaviour) of slow-moving organisms such as benthic foraminifera (single-celled protists), which abound in marine sediments. Here, we examine how temperature influences motion-behaviour and metabolic traits of the dominant temperate foraminifera Haynesina germanica by exposing individuals to usual (6, 12, 18, 24, 30 °C) and extreme (high; i.e. 32, 34, 36 °C) temperature regimes. Our results show that individuals reduced their activity by up to 80% under high temperature regimes whereas they remained active under the temperatures they usually experience in the field. When exposed to a hyper-thermic stress (i.e. 36 °C), all individuals remained burrowed and the photosynthetic activity of their sequestered chloroplasts significantly decreased. Recovery experiments subsequently revealed that individuals initially exposed to a high thermal regime partially recovered when the hyper-thermic stress ceased. H. germanica contribution to surface sediment reworking substantially diminished from 10 mm3 indiv−1 day−1 (usual temperature) to 0 mm3 indiv−1 day−1 when individuals were exposed to high temperature regimes (i.e. above 32 °C). Given their role in sediment reworking and organic matter remineralisation, our results suggest that heatwaves may have profound long-lasting effects on the functioning of intertidal muddy ecosystems and some key biogeochemical cycles.

Effects of Temperature on Leaf Expansion in Sunflower

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
HM Rawson ◽  
JH Hindmarsh
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Leaf Position ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Relative Change

Five commercial cultivars of sunflower were grown in cabinets at three temperature regimes, 32/22, 27/17 and 22/12°C, and with 15-h and 11-h photoperiods, and expansion of leaves 5-15 was followed. Leaves appeared faster with increasing temperature (0.022 leaves day-1 °C-1) and with increasing daylength. Areas of individual leaves increased linearly up the plant profile and, although final area per leaf (Amax) decreased with increasing temperature, the relative change was similar for each leaf position. Cultivars maintained their ranking for Amax across temperatures, and these rankings agreed with those in previous field studies. Within each temperature regime, both the expansion rate of leaves and the duration of expansion increased with leaf position. As temperature increased, leaves grew for shorter periods with a change of 1.04 days °C-1, but under the photon flux density used (500 �mol m-2 s-1, or about 25% full sunlight) expansion rates were greatest at the lowest temperature. Expansion rates were only one-third of those in field studies at comparable temperatures, but durations were similar. Cultivars that achieved the largest Amax did so via faster rates of expansion and not via longer durations: only one cultivar differed from the mean (20 days) duration of leaf expansion. All cultivars reached floral initiation progressively earlier with extension of photoperiod from 10 to 15 h, with the change for the most sensitive cultivars being 8 days and for the least sensitive 5 days. Rates of leaf emergence were linked with this sensitivity.

scholarly journals Biotic and abiotic factors predicting the global distribution and population density of an invasive large mammal

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse S. Lewis ◽  
Matthew L. Farnsworth ◽  
Chris L. Burdett ◽  
David M. Theobald ◽  
Miranda Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Global Distribution ◽  
Large Mammal ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Factors

Effect of temperature and food ration on the growth and survival of early and mid-stage phyllosomas of the spiny lobster Jasus verreauxi

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme A. Moss ◽  
Lennard J. Tong ◽  
Sarah E. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Spiny Lobster ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Food Ration ◽  
Growth And Survival

Instar 1, 3, 5, and 7 phyllosomas of the spiny lobsterJasus verreauxi were reared individually at one of four temperatures (18, 21, 24, and 27C) and fed low, medium, or high rations of 2- to 3-mm Artemia salina. An increase in the temperature reduced the intermoult period for all instars tested, but only the instar 5 phyllosomas showed any significant differences in postmoult size with temperature; those at 18C were smaller. Phyllosomas reared at 18C ate fewer Artemia each day than did those at the higher temperatures, but instars 3 and 5 at 18C consumed more in total over the intermoult period. Survival for all instars tested was lowest at 18C. Increasing the food rations affected the growth and survival of instar 5 and 7 phyllosomas; those fed at the lower rations took longer to moult and had a smaller growth increment. For all instars tested, the feeding rate and total consumption increased with food ration.

scholarly journals The Effect of Temperature and Humidity May Reduce the Growth Rate of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Epidemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Qin ◽  
Qiang Sun ◽  
Jiani Shao ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Xiaomei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Scatter Plots ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Average Relative Humidity ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: The effects of temperature and humidity on the epidemic growth of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)remains unclear.Methods: Daily scatter plots between the epidemic growth rate (GR) and average temperature (AT) or average relative humidity (ARH) were presented with curve fitting through the “loess” method. The heterogeneity across days and provinces were calculated to assess the necessity of using a longitudinal model. Fixed effect models with polynomial terms were developed to quantify the relationship between variations in the GR and AT or ARH.Results: An increased AT dramatically reduced the GR when the AT was lower than −5°C, the GR was moderately reduced when the AT ranged from −5°C to 15°C, and the GR increased when the AT exceeded 15°C. An increasedARH increased theGR when the ARH was lower than 72% and reduced theGR when the ARH exceeded 72%.Conclusions: High temperatures and low humidity may reduce the GR of the COVID-19 epidemic. The temperature and humidity curves were not linearly associated with the COVID-19 GR.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document