Natural history of Corythucha juglandis and Gargaphia tiliae (Hemiptera: Tingidae) in Ontario and Québec, Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 (04) ◽  
pp. 475-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Javahery
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Reproductive Diapause ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chorion Formation ◽  
New Generation

AbstractThe natural history of Corythucha juglandis (Fitch) and Gargaphia tiliae (Walsh) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) was studied in Ontario and Québec, Canada. These univoltine species overwinter as adults in leaf litter in a state of reproductive diapause and become active in April or May. They are specific to their host plants. Adults, eggs, and nymphs of both species were collected from the underside of leaves of host plants. The reproductive systems of both male and female, as well as eggs, nymphs, and operculum of the eggs of the two species, are described and illustrated. Fecundity, incubation period, development of nymphs, feeding, mating, and oviposition were studied. Mating was end-to-end at an angle of 35–40°. The reproductive potential, oviposition pattern, and site selection in the two species were investigated. Parental care of eggs and brood of G. tiliae is also reported and illustrated. Ocelli, true spermathecae, true egg micropyles, and true egg burster are absent in the two species. Fertilisation takes place before chorion formation. Adults, nymphs, and new generation aggregate on the underside of leaves of their host or nearby deciduous plants. In October they fly a short distance to overwintering sites within leaf litter.

scholarly journals New elevation and locality records and notes on the natural history of the Tamdil Leaf-Litter Frog, Leptobrachella tamdil (Sengupta, Sailo, Lalremsanga, Das, and Das, 2010) (Megophriydae), in Mizoram, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-297
Author(s):  
Lal Muansanga ◽  
Vanlal Siammawii ◽  
Gospel Zothanmawia Hmar ◽  
Fanai Malsawmdawngliana ◽  
Lal Biakzuala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
History Of

A new species of the genus Fernandezina Birabén, 1951 (Araneae: Palpimanidae: Otiothopinae) from Colombia

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4949 (3) ◽  
pp. 596-600
Author(s):  
LEONEL MARTÍNEZ ◽  
LUIS CARLOS GUTIERREZ
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Biological Collections ◽  
Single Sex ◽  
History Of ◽  
Field Campaigns ◽  
Systematic Understanding ◽  
A New Species

Specimens of the palpimanid spider subfamily Otiothopinae Platnick are commonly collected in soil and leaf litter in tropical and subtropical environments (Platnick 1975; Cala-Riquelme et al. 2018). However, otiothopines are generally poorly represented in biological collections and usually collected in low numbers during field campaigns, with many species represented by only a single sex (Cala-Riquelme et al. 2018). These difficulties, combined with our scarce knowledge of the biology and natural history of these spiders, mean that there are regional gaps in our systematic understanding of the group. Thus, taxonomic additions and notes about natural history are essential in order to increase our knowledge of the group and gradually close those gaps.  

Natural history of Dictyla echii (Hemiptera: Tingidae) in Ontario and Québec, Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 (04) ◽  
pp. 498-509
Author(s):  
M. Javahery
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Reproductive Diapause ◽  
Lace Bug ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe natural history and distribution of Dictyla echii (Schrank) (Hemiptera: Tingidae), a lace bug native to the Palaearctic, was investigated during 2014–2017 in southwestern Québec and southeastern Ontario, Canada. This apparently univoltine species is associated with Echium vulgare Linnaeus (Boraginaceae) and overwintered as adults in soil in a state of reproductive diapause. Eggs were almost entirely inserted in soft green stems and rarely in tissues of the upper leaf surface of the host plant. Adults and nymphs fed on rosettes, stems, and flower shoots, causing a chlorotic appearance of foliage, and stunted floral shoots. The external morphology of adults and immature stages are described and illustrated. Feeding, mating, oviposition, fecundity, incubation period, development of eggs in ovarioles, hatching of eggs, and emergence of first instars were studied and illustrated. The distribution of D. echii in North America and the Palaearctic is mapped.

scholarly journals Second observation of the reproductive biology of Blythia reticulata (Blyth, 1854) (Reptilia, Squamata, Colubridae)

Herpetozoa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 121-124
Author(s):  
Lal Biakzuala ◽  
Vanlal Hruaia ◽  
Lal Biakhlui ◽  
Hmar Tlawmte Lalremsanga
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Breeding Biology ◽  
Limited Knowledge ◽  
Northeastern India ◽  
History Of

A second observation on the reproduction of Blythia reticulata was based on three eggs found on a forest path among leaf litter and successfully incubated. Given the limited knowledge on the natural history of the species, including its breeding biology, we provide information on egg measurements (n = 3; length = 25.54 ± 1.05 mm; width = 11.79 ± 0.37 mm; weight = 1.94 ± 0.24 g) and the first data on hatchling biometrics (n = 3; snout-vent length = 106 ± 1.73 mm; tail length = 14 ± 1.00 mm; weight = 1.13 ± 0.09 g) from Mizoram State, northeastern India.

scholarly journals Gall-inducing insects from Serra do Cabral, Minas Gerais, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Serra Coelho ◽  
Marco Antônio Alves Carneiro ◽  
Cristina Alves Branco ◽  
Geraldo Wilson Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Terminal Branch ◽  
Host Plant Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
Occurrence Patterns

Our goal was describe the gall richness through the characterization of their external shapes and occurrence patterns in their host plants from Parque Estadual da Serra do Cabral. In a universe of 34 families, 64 genera and 89 plant species, 47 gall-inducing insects in 21 families, 32 genera and 39 host plant species were recorded. The families, which hosted higher gall richness, were those with highest abundance. Asteraceae represented 33% of the species collected followed by Malpighiaceae 8% and Fabaceae 8%, each one concentrating 25%, 19% and 8% of gall-inducing insects, respectively. The organ most attacked was the leaf (51%), followed by the stem (42%) and the terminal branch (4%). Ninety-six percent (96%) of galls were glabrous. Only 25.5% of the galls described in our study have been already recorded in previous studies, reinforcing the need to increase the sampling effort toward a better understanding of the richness, distribution, and natural history of gall-inducing insects from Brazil.

Taxonomic Revision of the Obligate Plant-Ants of the Genus Crematogaster Lund (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae), Associated with Macaranga Thouars (Euphorbiaceae) on Borneo and the Malay Peninsula

Sociobiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike Feldhaar ◽  
Ulrich Maschwitz ◽  
Brigitte Fiala
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
New Species ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Malay Peninsula ◽  
Se Asia ◽  
History Information ◽  
History Of

The taxonomy and natural history of ants of the genus Crematogaster Lund, 1831 (Crematogaster borneensis-group of the former subgenus Decacrema) obligately associated with myrmecophytic host-plants of the euphorb genus Macaranga are reviewed. Within this group of ants Crematogaster borneensis André, 1896 (with five subspecies and four varieties), Crematogaster captiosa Forel, 1910 as well as Crematogaster decamera Forel, 1910 have previously been described from SE Asia. Here we synonymise C. borneensis subsp. capax Forel, 1911, C. borneensis subsp. hosei Forel, 1911, C. borneensis subsp. sembilana Forel, 1911, and C. borneensis var. macarangae Viehmeyer, 1916 with C. borneensis André, 1896. Crematogaster borneensis var. harpyia Forel, 1911, C. borneensis var. insulsa Forel, 1911, C. borneensis subsp. symbia Forel, 1911, and C. borneensis subsp. novem Forel, 1911 are synonymised with C. captiosa Forel, 1910. In addition we describe five new species: C. claudiae sp. nov., C. hullettii sp. nov., C. linsenmairi sp. nov., C. maryatii sp. nov., and C. roslihashimi sp. nov.. Seven of these eight species are placed into two informal species subgroups based on queen morphology, life-history characters and a formerly published molecular phylogeny. Keys are provided for the identification of queens and workers, as well as natural history information on the eight ant species. The morphology of these Macaranga-associated Crematogaster (formerly Decacrema) species is compared to the only other three species described for this former subgenus in SE Asia, i.e. C. angulosa André, 1896, C. biformis André, 1892 and C. cephalotes Smith, 1857.

scholarly journals Gall-inducing insects from Campos de Altitude, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Serra Coelho ◽  
Marco Antônio Alves Carneiro ◽  
Cristina Branco ◽  
Rafael Augusto Xavier Borges ◽  
Geraldo Wilson Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Campos De Altitude ◽  
Parque Nacional Do Itatiaia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Galling Insects

Gall-inducing insects are very specious in vegetations of southeastern Brazil. Our goal was describe the gall richness by characterizing their external forms and their patterns of occurrence on host plants. Samples were collected from Campos de Altitude at four regions of the Mantiqueira Range: 1) Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro, 2) Parque Nacional do Caparaó, 3) Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, 4) Parque Nacional do Itatiaia. We found 93 gall species within 13 families, 30 genera and 50 host plant species. We recorded 38 gall species in Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro, 21 in Parque Nacional do Caparaó, 23 in Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca and 20 in Parque Nacional do Itatiaia. Asteraceae represented 33% of the species collected, followed by Melastomataceae at 17%; with each one concentrating 56% and 18% of the galling insects, respectively. 98% of galls were Cecydomiidae (Diptera). The most attacked organ was the stem (56%), followed by the leaf (23%). Only 12% of the galls described in our study had been already recorded in previous studies, thus reinforcing the need to increase the sampling effort toward a better understanding of the richness and the natural history of gall-inducing insects from Brazil.

scholarly journals Natural history of Platypria (Platypria) hystrix (Fabricius, 1798) on Fabaceae host plants, with notes on other Platypria species in India (Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae, Hispini)

ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1031 ◽  
pp. 59-84
Author(s):  
Sachin Ranade ◽  
Kaniyarikkal Divakaran Prathapan ◽  
Hemant V. Ghate ◽  
Caroline S. Chaboo
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
New Host ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
History Of

The leaf-beetle genus Platypria Guérin-Méneville, 1840 comprises two subgenera and 34 species (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Hispini). Host plants are documented for eight species and indicate mostly perennial species of Fabaceae and Rhamnaceae. Larvae and pupae have been documented for two Platypria species. This paper presents novel natural history data, based on a field study of populations of Platypria (Platypria) hystrix (Fabricius, 1798) on Erythrina stricta Roxb. and Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth. in Kerala, south India and on Erythrina variegata L., Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Maes. & S. Almeida and Mucuna pruriens (L) DC in Assam, northeast India. Three new Fabaceae hosts are reported for P. (P.) hystrix. Brief notes and new host records, based on field observations, are also provided for the other three species of Platypria in India – P. (P.) chiroptera Gestro, 1899, P. (P.) echidna Guérin-Méneville, 1840 and P. (P.) erinaceus (Fabricius, 1801). Platypria females slit the leaf to lay a single egg which is covered with secretions that harden as an ootheca, the egg covering in Cassidinaes. l. There are five larval stages, each with the typical ‘hispine’ mining form and behaviour – a flattened cream-coloured body, chitinised head capsule and claws, and feeding on mesophyll and leaving irregular blotch mines on the host leaves. Pupation occurs in an independent pupal mine and lasts about a week. These observations suggest new potential phylogenetic character hypotheses that can stimulate better data collection on leaf-mining Cassidinae and help resolve evolutionary patterns amongst these basal mining genera.

How is the moral stance related to the intentional stance and group thinking?

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Rakoczy
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Intentional Stance ◽  
Cognitive Capacities ◽  
Shared Intentionality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group Thinking ◽  
Moral Stance

Abstract The natural history of our moral stance told here in this commentary reveals the close nexus of morality and basic social-cognitive capacities. Big mysteries about morality thus transform into smaller and more manageable ones. Here, I raise questions regarding the conceptual, ontogenetic, and evolutionary relations of the moral stance to the intentional and group stances and to shared intentionality.

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