Observations on the life-history traits of the North American parasitoid Phasgonophora sulcata Westwood (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) attacking Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in Ontario, Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas E. Roscoe ◽  
D. Barry Lyons ◽  
Sandy M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Potential Fecundity ◽  
The North ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
Ash Trees ◽  
History Of

AbstractUnder laboratory and field conditions in Ontario, Canada, we explored the natural history of Phasgonophora sulcata Westwood (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), an indigenous solitary endoparasitoid of Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in North America. Adult P. sulcata emergence was ~20.2–23.9 days after host emergence at 21°C, with P. sulcata females emerging an ~5.4–5.8 days before males. Females also represented 61.8 and 67.0% of emerging adults in the two years sampled. Mean adult longevities for males and females of P. sulcata were 23.8±1.10 and 28.9±1.11 days at 21°C, respectively. Mean potential fecundity of P. sulcata at emergence was 55.7±2.9 eggs per female. Based on adult emergence, parasitism at two sites varied from 11.7% to 34.4%. Adult parasitoids were first observed in the field in early June, with peak capture occurring in late June. Parasitism rates in A. planipennis-infested ash trees was not affected by tree height below 360 cm, whereas parasitism was not observed at heights>360 cm. Our results suggest that although mass rearing will be challenging, observed parasitism rates in conjunction with temporal and spatial synchrony indicate that indigenous P. sulcata may be an important source of mortality for A. planipennis populations.

BIOLOGY OF PINE FALSE WEBWORM (HYMENOPTERA: PAMPHILIIDAE) DURING AN OUTBREAK

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 729-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Asaro ◽  
Douglas C. Allen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Egg Survival ◽  
History Of ◽  
Egg Parasitism ◽  
Pine False Webworm ◽  
Acantholyda Erythrocephala ◽  
Two Populations

AbstractThe life history of pine false webworm, Acantholyda erythrocephala (L.), in three pine (Pinaceae) plantations in northern New York is similar to that reported for this species on red pine, Pinus resinosa Aiton, in Ontario. Adult emergence extended from early May to early June. The sex ratio of emerging adults favored males by as much as 2.7:1. Oviposition occurred from mid-May to early June. Significantly more eggs per fascicle were deposited on the distal third of branches and in the lower third of the crown. Larval feeding took place throughout June. The proportion of prepupae remaining in the soil for more than 1 year varied from 9% to 66% between two sites. There was no evidence of egg parasitism, and egg survival exceeded 95% in each of 2 years. A new species of nematode (Steinernema sp.) (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) was recovered from pronymphs. Homaspis interruptus (Provancher) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) parasitized larvae and emerged from 8.5% and 2.8% of the pronymphs in two populations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Ash Tree Symptoms Associated with Emerald Ash Borer Infestation in Urban Forests

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Persad ◽  
Patrick Tobin
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Proactive Management ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Ash Trees ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Sites

The emerald ash borer (EAB), first discovered in North America in Michigan in 2002, continues to expand its distributional range. Early detection of EAB remains a major caveat in efforts to implement proactive management strategies. Past reports have shown that ash trees infested with EAB have an increased risk of branch failure and other symptoms associated with tree decline. Therefore, early detection efforts could be improved if a suite of tree symptoms—prior to visible signs of EAB infestation—can be identified. Researchers initiated a four-year study in Ohio, U.S. (2009– 2012) to investigate and document symptoms associated with the EAB–ash tree complex in urban sites. The prior history of EAB at the study sites ranged from ash trees with no visible evidence of infestation to those that were infested for more than two years. In trees shown to be recently colonized by EAB, visible signs of infestation, such as adult emergence holes, presence of EAB galleries, bark loss, and canopy loss were not always apparent. However, in EAB-positive trees, there was a significant tendency for the presence of cracks in scaffold branches, branch fractures within the upper canopy, and branch fractures specifically located closer to the union with the stem as opposed to at the branch tip or at the branch’s center of gravity. This study highlights tree symptoms associated with the initial colonization of EAB when host trees are still apparently healthy, which could greatly facilitate future detection efforts for EAB.

scholarly journals A Phenology Model for Simulating Oobius agrili (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) Seasonal Voltinism and Synchrony With Emerald Ash Borer Oviposition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby R Petrice ◽  
Leah S Bauer ◽  
Deborah L Miller ◽  
Therese M Poland ◽  
F William Ravlin
Keyword(s):  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Day Length ◽  
The North ◽  
South Central ◽  
Model Realism ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Phenology Model

Abstract In North America, the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), continues to spread, and its egg parasitoid, Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), is being released for emerald ash borer biocontrol well beyond their endemic climatic ranges in China. We developed a multiple cohort rate summation model to simulate O. agrili F0, F1, and F2 generations, and emerald ash borer oviposition for examining host–parasitoid synchrony across a north–south gradient from Duluth, MN (latitude 46.8369, longitude −92.1833) to Shreveport, LA (latitude 32.4469, longitude −93.8242). Temporal occurrences of critical day length for O. agrili diapause induction were integrated into the model. We used O. agrili and emerald ash borer trapping data from south central and northwestern Lower Michigan for model validation. Simulations demonstrated that 1) F0 adult emergence consistently occurred 2–5 d before emerald ash borer oviposition began; 2) F1 adult emergence was most synchronized with peak emerald ash borer oviposition compared with other generations; and 3) emerald ash borer oviposition was complete, or near so, when F2 adult emergence was predicted across the north–south gradient. Comparison of O. agrili trap captures with model simulations demonstrated that primarily two adult O. agrili generations (F0 and F1) emerged per year in Michigan and almost all F2 larvae entered diapause despite day lengths longer than critical day length in south central Michigan. Critical day length varied temporally across the north–south gradient during emergence of O. agrili generations. Determining day lengths perceived by O. agrili larvae in the field should improve model realism for examining spatiotemporal variation in O. agrili population dynamics.

scholarly journals North-Westward Expansion of the Invasive Range of Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) towards the EU: From Moscow to Saint Petersburg

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 502
Author(s):  
Dmitry L. Musolin ◽  
Andrey V. Selikhovkin ◽  
Elena Y. Peregudova ◽  
Boris G. Popovichev ◽  
Michail Y. Mandelshtam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Invasive Range ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
The North ◽  
Tree Expansion ◽  
Ash Trees ◽  
North Western ◽  
The Eu

Agrilus planipennis is a devastating invasive pest of ash trees in European Russia, Ukraine, and North America. To monitor the north-western limit of its European invasive range, in June 2018 we established 10 study plots along the federal highway M10 (Russia) that runs between Moscow and Saint Petersburg through Tver’ City (approx. 180 km from Moscow), and lined with ash trees. On each plot, 2–4 Fraxinus pennsylvanica trees with heights ranging 6.1–17.0 m and diameters ranging 7.0–18.0 cm were girdled, i.e., 50 cm of their bark were removed. The study plots were visited and girdled trees were examined in September and November, 2018, and in October, 2019. Observations revealed that the current continuous north-western limit of A. planipennis range in European Russia coincides with the north-western border of Tver’ City and this range limit has not distinctly shifted north-westward during 2015–2019. In spite of the rich food supply (due to abundant F. pennsylvanica and F. excelsior plantings) in Tver’ City and along roads going to and from, the population density of A. planipennis in the area is currently low. Recent (September 2020) sudden detection of a spatially isolated A. planipennis outbreak approx. 520 km far north-westward from Tver’ (in Saint Petersburg) suggested that A. planipennis most likely had arrived at Saint Petersburg not by gradual stepwise (flying tree-to-tree) expansion of its continuous invasive range in Tver’ City, but as a result of its accidental introduction by means of, e.g., “insect-hitchhiked” vehicles, transported plants for planting, and/or other commodities. The proximity of the reported A.planipennis outbreak to the borders of the EU (approx. 130 km to Estonia and Finland) requires urgent measures for its containment and control, and constant monitoring.

scholarly journals Seasonal Activity, Within-Tree Distribution, and Ovipositional and Feeding Preference of the Elm Leafminer, Fenusa ulmi (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Fredric Miller ◽  
George Ware
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Tree Distribution ◽  
American Elm ◽  
The North ◽  
Highly Correlated

Seventy-six different elm taxa were visually rated for elm leafminer (Fenusa ulmi Sundevall) defoliation. European elm taxa were more found to be more susceptible to feeding damage by the elm leafminer compared to Asian and North American elm taxa. European elms U. glabra, U. elliptica, U. sukaczezii, and elms with U. glabra-wallichiana parentage were highly susceptible to elm leafminer leaf feeding damage. Of the 37 Asian elm taxa evaluated, only U. laciniata was highly susceptible to feeding damage. The North American species U. rubra was the only North American elm susceptible to elm leafminer feeding. Adult emergence, initial leafmining, and cessation of leafmining were highly correlated with indicator plant full bloom phenology providing an accurate degree-day (DD) model for practitioners in predicting and monitoring for elm leafminer life stage development and related plant damage. Elm leafing out phenology of susceptible European elms was highly correlated with elm leafminer adult emergence and oviposition. Less susceptible European elm taxa, such as U. procera, and U. carpinifolia and cultivars, consistently leaf out later after peak adult leafminer emergence. Interestingly, the majority of Asian elm taxa such as U. davidiana, U. japonica, U. lamellosa, and U. pumila leaf out at the same time as susceptible elm taxa, but experience no or negligible feeding damage. Two Asian species, U. wilsoniana and U. parvifolia, leaf out later after peak adult emergence and oviposition has passed. No consistent pattern was observed for within tree ovipositional wounds and subsequent leafminer feeding damage for tree height or cardinal direction for both small and large elm tree species. Results from this study indicate there is a large number of Asian and North American elm taxa that provide a rich genetic pool for future elm breeding programs.

THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF CINYGMA (EPHEMEROPTERA: HEPTAGENIIDAE)

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. Lehmkuhl
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
North American ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Submerged Wood ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Distribution

AbstractA key to species for adults and figures of the three North American Cinygma are presented. New distribution records are given; the range of C. lyriformis McDunnough is extended to Alaska and the genus in the Palearctic is discussed. Nymphs are undescribed except for C. integrum (Eaton). The life history of the latter is given for Oregon. Nymphs of all size classes are present throughout the year but adult emergence is restricted to mid May to mid July. Nymphs apparently are restricted to a submerged wood habitat.

Ras al Khaimah: further archaeological discoveries

Antiquity ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (200) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
Beatrice De Cardi
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
The State ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

Ras a1 Khaimah is the most northerly of the seven states comprising the United Arab Emirates and its Ruler, H. H. Sheikh Saqr bin Mohammad al-Qasimi, is keenly interested in the history of the state and its people. Survey carried out there jointly with Dr D. B. Doe in 1968 had focused attention on the site of JuIfar which lies just north of the present town of Ras a1 Khaimah (de Cardi, 1971, 230-2). Julfar was in existence in Abbasid times and its importance as an entrep6t during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries-the Portuguese Period-is reflected by the quantity and variety of imported wares to be found among the ruins of the city. Most of the sites discovered during the survey dated from that period but a group of cairns near Ghalilah and some long gabled graves in the Shimal area to the north-east of the date-groves behind Ras a1 Khaimah (map, FIG. I) clearly represented a more distant past.

Sequencing Analysis and Phylogenetic Tree of HPV Isolated from Breast Cancer Patients at Thi-Qar Province/Iraq

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
The North ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
History Of

Genetic variety examination has demonstrated fundamental to the understanding of the epidemiological and developmental history of Papillomavirus (HPV), for the development of accurate diagnostic tests and for efficient vaccine design. The HPV nucleotide diversity has been investigated widely among high-risk HPV types. To make the nucleotide sequence of HPV and do the virus database in Thi-Qar province, and compare sequences of our isolates with previously described isolates from around the world and then draw its phylogenetic tree, this study done. A total of 6 breast formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) of the female patients were included in the study, divided as 4 FFPE malignant tumor and 2 FFPE of benign tumor. The PCR technique was implemented to detect the presence of HPV in breast tissue, and the real-time PCR used to determinant HPV genotypes, then determined a complete nucleotide sequence of HPV of L1 capsid gene, and draw its phylogenetic tree. The nucleotide sequencing finding detects a number of substitution mutation (SNPs) in (L1) gene, which have not been designated before, were identified once in this study population, and revealed that the HPV16 strains have the evolutionary relationship with the South African race, while, the HPV33 and HPV6 showing the evolutionary association with the North American and East Asian race, respectively.

North American Association for the Study of Religion (NAASR)

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-30
Author(s):  
Matt Sheedy
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
American Association ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of

I interviewed Russell McCutcheon back in March 2015, about his new role as president of the North American Association for the Study of Religion (NAASR), asking him about the history of the organization, goals for his tenure, and developments for NAASR’s upcoming conference in Atlanta in November 2015.

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