The northward distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) 40 years later: revisiting Robert E. Gregg’s 1969 Subarctic collection sites in Churchill, Manitoba, Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-315
Author(s):  
M. Alex Smith ◽  
Amanda Boyd ◽  
Trevor Bringloe ◽  
Christopher Britton-Foster ◽  
Hayley Cahill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States Of America ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Resident Species ◽  
Local Fauna ◽  
Apparent Increase ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
The Town ◽  
Collection Sites

AbstractIn 1969, Robert E. Gregg collected five species of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in three Subarctic localities near the town of Churchill, Manitoba, Canada, which he documented in a 1972 publication in The Canadian Entomologist. To determine whether there have been any additions to the local fauna – as might be predicted to occur in response to a warming climate and increased traffic to the Port of Churchill in the intervening 40 years – we re-collected ants from the same localities in 2012. We identified the ants we collected from Gregg’s sampling sites using both traditional morphological preparations and DNA barcoding. In addition, we examined specimens from Gregg’s initial collection that are accessioned at the Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago, Illinois, United States of America). Using this integrative approach we report seven species present at the same sites Gregg sampled 40 years earlier. We conclude that the apparent increase is likely not due to any arrivals from more southerly distributed ants, but to the increased resolution provided by DNA barcodes to resident species complexes with a complicated history. We provide a brief synopsis of these results and their taxonomic context.

scholarly journals Morphometry and DNA barcoding reveal cryptic diversity in the genus Enteromius (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from the Congo basin, Africa

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolein Van Ginneken ◽  
Eva Decru ◽  
Erik Verheyen ◽  
Jos Snoeks
Keyword(s):  
Drainage System ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Congo Basin ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
The North ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Almost All

One of the main challenges to adequately conserve the African fish fauna is to improve our so far unsatisfactory taxonomic knowledge of important portions of the ichthyofauna. In the present study, we attempted to unravel the taxonomic diversity of some species of Enteromius Cope, 1867, a problematic African fish genus, recently collected in the north-eastern part of the Congo basin. We used an integrative approach, combining DNA barcodes and morphological analyses. For one of the species complexes found, the E. miolepis/eutaenia species complex, we evaluated taxonomic diversity over a larger geographic scale within the Congo drainage system. Although initial literature-based species identifications allowed us to assign all examined specimens to four tentative species, DNA barcodes indicated the presence of 23 distinct mitochondrial lineages. The majority of these lineages appeared endemic to particular rivers, and in most rivers multiple lineages occur in sympatry. Subsequent exploratory morphometric analyses indicated that almost all these lineages are morphologically distinguishable and that they may therefore represent undescribed species. As only a part of the Congo basin and a subset of the species diversity within Enteromius were examined, it appears that the species richness of Enteromius in the Congo basin is severely underestimated.

scholarly journals Local fauna of bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus Latr.) in the outskirts of the town of Kandalaksha, southwest Kola Peninsula

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grigory Potapov ◽  
Yulia Kolosova ◽  
Alisa Vlasova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Kola Peninsula ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Local Fauna ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
European North ◽  
The Town ◽  
Meadow Species

This article presents the results of research focussed on the local bumblebee fauna in the southwest of the Kola Peninsula (near the town of Kandalaksha). In general, if we include the published data, the local fauna have 16 species of bumblebees. Among the species of the present study, the recent record for this region isBombuswurfleniiRadoszkowski, 1860. This species was previously unknown in the European North of Russia. It is typical for mountain ecosystems in Europe (Scandinavia, the mountains of Central and Western Europe, the Balkans, Northern Turkey and the Caucasus). We assume that the record ofB.wurfleniion the Kola Peninsula is the recent appearance of this species in the region. One of the possible reasons for the expansion of this species is climate change. Other species of bumblebees in the local fauna are typical for the region. The species present wide ranges, i.e., Transpalaearctic, Holarctic and one species of West-Central Palaearctic. In the outskirts of Kandalaksha, there are 2 species (B.distinguendusMorawitz, 1869 andB.veteranus(Fabricius, 1793)) which belong to the group of meadow species according to their habitat preference. They are not common for the taiga habitats in the European North of Russia. We can explain their presence in the local fauna by noting the presence of anthropogenic meadow habitats in the studied area.

scholarly journals Systematics and geographical distribution ofGalbaspecies, a group of cryptic and worldwide freshwater snails

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Alda ◽  
Manon Lounnas ◽  
Antonio A. Vázquez ◽  
Rolando Ayaqui ◽  
Manuel Calvopiña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Freshwater Snails ◽  
Stabilizing Selection ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
The Status ◽  
Liver Flukes ◽  
Almost All

AbstractCryptic species can present a significant challenge to the application of systematic and biogeographic principles, especially if they are invasive or transmit parasites or pathogens. Detecting cryptic species requires a pluralistic approach in which molecular markers facilitate the detection of coherent taxonomic units that can then be analyzed using various traits (e.g., internal morphology) and crosses. In asexual or self-fertilizing species, the latter criteria are of limited use. We studied a group of cryptic freshwater snails (genusGalba)from the family Lymnaeidae that have invaded almost all continents, reproducing mainly by self-fertilization and transmitting liver flukes to humans and livestock. We aim to clarify the systematics, distribution and phylogenetic relationships of these species with an integrative approach that includes morphology (shell and reproductive anatomy), molecular markers, wide-scale sampling across America, and data retrieved from GenBank (to include Old World samples). Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that the genusGalbaoriginated ca. 22 Myr ago and today comprises six clusters of species. Four of these clusters (G.truncatula,G.cubensis/viator,G.humilisandG.schirazensis) are morphologically cryptic and constitute species or species complexes with wide variation in their genetic diversity, geographic distribution and invasiveness. The other two clusters constitute a single species or a species complex (Galba cousini/meridensis) that demonstrate more geographically restricted distributions and exhibit an alternative morphology more phylogenetically derived than the cryptic one. Further genetic studies are required to clarify the status of bothG. cousini/meridensisandG.cubensis/viator. We emphasize that noGalbaspecies should be identified without molecular markers and that additional sampling is required, especially in North America, Eurasia and Africa to clarify remaining questions in systematics and biogeography. We also discuss several hypotheses that can explain crypsis inGalba, such as convergence and morphological stasis, and hypothesize a role for stabilizing selection in amphibious (rather than strictly freshwater) habitats.

scholarly journals First records of the fanged frogs Limnonectes bannaensis Ye, Fei & Jiang, 2007 and L. utara Matsui, Belabut & Ahmad, 2014 (Amphibia: Anura: Dicroglossidae) in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chatmongkon Suwannapoom ◽  
Ke Jiang ◽  
Yun-He Wu ◽  
Parinya Pawangkhanant ◽  
Sengvilay Lorphengsy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Cryptic Species Complex

The taxonomic status of the Thai populations belonging to the Limnonectes kuhlii species complex is controversial, due to phenotypic similarity in the cryptic species complex. Recently, some studies on this group in Thailand have discovered four new species: L. taylori, L. megastomias, L. jarujini and L. isanensis. Even so, the diversity of this group is still incomplete. Based on an integrative approach encompassing genetic and morphological analyses, we conclude that the Limnonectes populations from Nan Province (northern) and Yala Province (southern) of Thailand are conspecific with L. bannaensis Ye, Fei & Jiang, 2007 and L. utara Matsui, Belabut & Ahmad, 2014, respectively. These are the first records of these species in Thailand. Our study highlights the importance of using DNA sequence data in combination with morphological data to accurately document species identity and diversity. This is especially important for morphologically cryptic species complexes and sympatrically occurring congeners.

scholarly journals DNA barcodes and morphology reveal unrecognized species in Chironomidae (Diptera)

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Long Lin ◽  
Elisabeth Stur ◽  
Torbjørn Ekrem
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Intraspecific Divergence ◽  
Biodiversity Research ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Modern Tool

For over a decade, DNA barcoding has proven an effective modern tool in taxonomy, evolutionary biology and biodiversity research. Many new species have been discovered and described with DNA barcodes as part of their diagnostic features. Using DNA barcodes, we uncovered a number of potential species within the Tanytarsus curticornis and Tanytarsus heusdensis species complexes (Diptera: Chironomidae) and detected morphological differences a posteriori that support the description of new species. Unusually large intraspecific divergence in COI p-distance (up to 10%) was observed for two species complexes. In total, eight species new to science are described and figured: T. adustus sp. n., T. heberti sp. n., T. madeiraensis sp. n., T. pseudoheusdensis sp. n., T. songi sp. n., T. thomasi sp. n., T. tongmuensis sp. n. and T. wangi sp. n.. Tanytarsus reei and T. tamaoctavus are redescribed, and T. tusimatneous is listed as a new junior synonym of T. tamaduodecimus. The diagnostic characters of the remaining species of the complexes are discussed. Keys to males and pupae are given.

scholarly journals Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from Villages and Forest Areas of Rural Communes in Khanh Hoa and Binh Phuoc Provinces, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nam S Vu ◽  
Jeffrey C Hertz ◽  
Nicholas J Martin ◽  
Tu C Tran ◽  
Jodi M Fiorenzano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Complex Data ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Violet Light ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
The Village

Abstract This study presents the diversity of mosquitoes collected from communes, endemic with malaria and dengue, located in Khanh Hoa and Binh Phuoc Provinces, Vietnam. A total of 10,288 mosquitoes were collected in the village and forested sites using standard larval dippers, cow-baited traps, ultra-violet light traps, and mechanical aspirators. Mosquito taxa were identified morphologically and species complexes/groups were further characterized molecularly. Five genera of mosquitoes were morphologically identified: Anopheles Meigen (21 species), Aedes Meigen (2 species), Culex Linnaeus (5 species), Mansonia Blanchard sp., and Armigeres Theobald sp. The PCR-based identification methods allowed the distinction of members of Maculatus Group, Funestus Group, and Dirus Complex; and DNA barcodes enabled the further identification of the Barbirostris Complex. Data reported here include the first report of An. saeungae Taai & Harbach and An. wejchoochotei Taai & Harbach from Vietnam, and re-emphasizes the significance of using molecular data in an integrated systematic approach to identify cryptic species and better understand their role in disease transmission.

scholarly journals Limited tolerance by insects to high temperatures across tropical elevational gradients and the implications of global warming for extinction

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 680-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos García-Robledo ◽  
Erin K. Kuprewicz ◽  
Charles L. Staines ◽  
Terry L. Erwin ◽  
W. John Kress
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Elevational Gradients ◽  
Leaf Beetles ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Elevational Range ◽  
Rolled Leaf

The critical thermal maximum (CTmax), the temperature at which motor control is lost in animals, has the potential to determine if species will tolerate global warming. For insects, tolerance to high temperatures decreases with latitude, suggesting that similar patterns may exist along elevational gradients as well. This study explored how CTmax varies among species and populations of a group of diverse tropical insect herbivores, the rolled-leaf beetles, across both broad and narrow elevational gradients. Data from 6,948 field observations and 8,700 museum specimens were used to map the elevational distributions of rolled-leaf beetles on two mountains in Costa Rica. CTmax was determined for 1,252 individual beetles representing all populations across the gradients. Initial morphological identifications suggested a total of 26 species with populations at different elevations displaying contrasting upper thermal limits. However, compared with morphological identifications, DNA barcodes (cytochrome oxidase I) revealed significant cryptic species diversity. DNA barcodes identified 42 species and haplotypes across 11 species complexes. These 42 species displayed much narrower elevational distributions and values of CTmax than the 26 morphologically defined species. In general, species found at middle elevations and on mountaintops are less tolerant to high temperatures than species restricted to lowland habitats. Species with broad elevational distributions display high CTmax throughout their ranges. We found no significant phylogenetic signal in CTmax, geography, or elevational range. The narrow variance in CTmax values for most rolled-leaf beetles, especially high-elevation species, suggests that the risk of extinction of insects may be substantial under some projected rates of global warming.

scholarly journals Revision of the West Palaearctic Polistes Latreille, with the descriptions of two species – an integrative approach using morphology and DNA barcodes (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 713 ◽  
pp. 53-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Schmid-Egger ◽  
Kees van Achterberg ◽  
Rainer Neumeyer ◽  
Jérôme Morinière ◽  
Stefan Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
The West

scholarly journals Molecular delimitation of European leafy liverworts of the genus Calypogeia based on plastid super-barcodes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Ślipiko ◽  
Kamil Myszczyński ◽  
Katarzyna Buczkowska ◽  
Alina Bączkiewicz ◽  
Monika Szczecińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Plastid Genome ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Species Discrimination ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Cryptic Speciation ◽  
Dna Fragments ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Morphological Criteria

Abstract Background Molecular research revealed that some of the European Calypogeia species described on the basis of morphological criteria are genetically heterogeneous and, in fact, are species complexes. DNA barcoding is already commonly used for correct identification of difficult to determine species, to disclose cryptic species, or detecting new taxa. Among liverworts, some DNA fragments, recommend as universal plant DNA barcodes, cause problems in amplification. Super-barcoding based on genomic data, makes new opportunities in a species identification. Results On the basis of 22 individuals, representing 10 Calypogeia species, plastid genome was tested as a super-barcode. It is not effective in 100%, nonetheless its success of species discrimination (95.45%) is still conspicuous. It is not excluded that the above outcome may have been upset by cryptic speciation in C. suecica , as our results indicate. Having the sequences of entire plastomes of European Calypogeia species, we also discovered that the ndhB and ndhH genes and the trnT-trnL spacer identify species in 100%. Conclusions This study shows that even if a super-barcoding is not effective in 100%, this method does not close the door to a traditional single- or multi-locus barcoding. Moreover, it avoids many complication resulting from the need to amplify selected DNA fragments. It seems that a good solution for species discrimination is a development of so-called “specific barcodes” for a given taxonomic group, based on plastome data.

Molecular characterisation and phylogenetic position of Hemicycliophora labiata Colbran, 1960, from turfgrass in Korea, with comments on its morphology

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 927-938
Author(s):  
Abraham Okki Mwamula ◽  
Yeong Ho Kim ◽  
Heebeen Na ◽  
Hyeon Jeong An ◽  
Young Ho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Plasticity ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Species Complexes

Summary Hemicycliophora labiata was reported from the rhizosphere of Poa pratensis and for the first time in Korea. Females and juveniles are molecularly characterised and morphological and morphometric descriptions supplied. Species identification was made using an integrative approach considering morphological characteristics and the results of the analyses of the D2-D3 expansion segment of 28S rRNA, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 of rRNA and the partial COI gene sequences. The phylogenetic position of H. labiata is resolved after recent misidentifications due to the existence of a wide morphological plasticity within the genus. Females and juveniles from Korea conform to the original description and also to subsequent species descriptions from Australia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, and India. Despite the close morphological similarities with H. typica de Man, 1921, the two species can be adequately differentiated based on molecular data. This is the first molecular characterisation of H. labiata. The use of molecular markers in species delimitation continues to explore the existence of species complexes, thus providing a better understanding of the unresolved species biodiversity within this speciose genus.

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