Attraction of Epilachna dodecastigma (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae) leaf volatiles

2014 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nupur Sarkar ◽  
Abhishek Mukherjee ◽  
Anandamay Barik
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Bitter Gourd ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Leaf Volatiles ◽  
Flame Ionisation Detector ◽  
Epilachna Dodecastigma ◽  
Insect Attack ◽  
Ionisation Detector

AbstractEpilachna dodecastigma (Wiedemann) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is an important herbivorous pest of bitter gourd, Momordica charantia Linnaeus (Cucurbitaceae) plant in India and Bangladesh. Volatiles were collected from undamaged bitter gourd plants, and from plants 24 and 120 hours following the initiation of continuous adult female feeding damage, and subsequently identified and quantified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry and gas chromatography flame ionisation detector analyses. Of the 24 volatiles identified in the study, 22 were present in all three treatments (undamaged plants, 24 hours after feeding, and 120 hours after feeding), and all plants significantly increased emissions of these compounds following insect attack. In all plants, the compound 1-tridecanol was the most abundant, followed by phytol. Only two compounds were unique to insect damaged plants: methyl palmitate was characteristic of insect damaged plants, while nerolidol was only detected from plants 120 hours following insect attack, however neither of these insect-damage specific volatiles, when tested individually, elicited attraction in Y-shaped glass tube olfactometer bioassays. Epilachna dodecastigma showed significant preference for the whole volatile blends from insect damaged plants compared with whole volatile blends from undamaged plants. Further, the insect elicited attraction to three individual synthetic compounds: geraniol, 1-tridecanol, and phytol, which had significantly higher emissions from insect damaged leaves compared with those from undamaged plants.

Analysis of Reaction Products After Ignition Process of 1-octanol/air Mixtures on a Hot Surface

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 2991-2995
Author(s):  
Maria Mitu ◽  
Elisabeth Brandes
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Stainless Steel Surface ◽  
Ignition Process ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Flame Ionisation Detector ◽  
Hot Surface ◽  
Ionisation Detector

1-octanol is considered an alternative to conventional diesel. In order to know the ignition parameters of 1-octanol, an experimental study of the explosive combustion of 1-octanol/air mixtures at ambient pressure and various initial temperatures was performed on a hot stainless-steel surface in a closed vessel. The ignition temperatures of 1-octanol/air mixtures at different initial conditions were determined. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography with flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) methods, the composition of the reaction products was investigated.

Volatiles from Cinnamomum cassia buds

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Daniel Sandner ◽  
Ulrich Krings ◽  
Ralf G. Berger
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
High Abundance ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cinnamomum Cassia ◽  
Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽  
Flavour Dilution ◽  
Flame Ionisation Detector ◽  
Trace Compounds ◽  
Ionisation Detector

AbstractWhile the chemical composition of leaf and stem bark essential oils of the Chinese cinnamon,Cinnamomum cassia(L.) J. Presl, has been well investigated, little is known about the volatilom of its buds, which appeared recently on German markets. Soxhlet extracts of the commercial samples were prepared, fractionated using silica gel and characterised by gas chromatography-flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) for semi-quantification, by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for identification and by GC-FID/olfactometry for sensory evaluation. Cinnamaldehyde was the most abundant compound with concentrations up to 40 mg/g sample. In total, 36 compounds were identified and 30 were semi-quantified. The extracts contained mostly phenylpropanoids, mono- and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated derivatives. Because of the high abundance of cinnamaldehyde, the aldehyde fraction was removed from the extracts by adding hydrogen sulphite to improve both the detection of trace compounds and column chromatography. The aldehyde fraction was analysed by GC-MS separately. The highest flavour dilution factor of 316 was calculated for cinnamaldehyde. Other main sensory contributors were 2-phenylethanol and cinnamyl alcohol. This report provides the first GC-olfactometry data of a plant part of aCinnamomumspecies. The strongly lignifiedC. cassiabuds combine a high abundance of cinnamaldehyde with comparably low coumarin concentrations (<0.48 mg/g), and provide a large cinnamaldehyde depot for slow release applications.

scholarly journals Investigation of cultivated lavender (Lavandula officinalis L.) extraction and its extracts

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Nadjalin ◽  
Zika Lepojevic ◽  
Mihailo Ristic ◽  
Jelena Vladic ◽  
Branislava Nikolovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Flame Ionisation Detector ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Lavandula Officinalis ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Flame Ionisation ◽  
Ionisation Detector

In this study essential oil content was determined in lavender flowers and leaves by hydrodistillation. Physical and chemical characteristics of the isolated oils were determined. By using CO2 in supercritical state the extraction of lavender flowers was performed with a selected solvent flow under isothermal and isobaric conditions. By the usage of gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography with flame ionisation detector (GC/FID) the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the obtained essential oil and supercritical extracts (SFE) was carried out. Also, the analysis of individual SFE extracts obtained during different extraction times was performed. It turned out that the main components of the analysed samples were linalool, linalool acetate, lavandulol, caryophyllene oxide, lavandulyl acetate, terpinen-4-ol and others. Two proposed models were used for modelling the extraction system lavender flower - supercritical CO2 on the basis of experimental results obtained by examining the extraction kinetics of this system. The applied models fitted well with the experimental results.

A study of thermo-hydro-treated (THT) birch wood by chemical analysis and Py-GC/MS

Holzforschung ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 653-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingeborga Andersone ◽  
Galina Dobele ◽  
Bruno Andersons ◽  
Nina Kurnosova ◽  
Edgars Kuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Birch Wood ◽  
Cellulose Modification ◽  
Volatile Products ◽  
Flame Ionisation Detector ◽  
Ionisation Detector

AbstractThe chemical changes in birch wood occurring at thermo-hydro treatment (THT) was studied at temperatures (T) of 150, 160 and 170°C by analytical pyrolysis [Py-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry/flame ionisation detector (GC/MS/FID)], elemental analysis and traditional wet-chemical analysis. THT wood (THTW) was also extracted with acetone. Mass losses (ML) due to THT and acetone extraction of THTW were considered for material balance calculations. The holocellulose and hemicellulose (HC) contents decrease with increasing THT temperature (THTT), thus the apparent lignin content is elevated by ca. 20%. The HC degradation begins at 150°C, while that of α-cellulose modification at 170°C. Compared to unmodified birch, the THT170°Cmaterial contains ca. 10% less α-cellulose and up to 40% less HC. The Py-GC/MS also indicates decreasing amounts of volatile products from polymeric carbohydrates (CHs) and lignin origin as a function of increasing THTT. The identified CH-based Py products of THT170°Cof non-extracted (ne) and extracted (e) materials resulted in 13 and 22% weight decrements, respectively, while the lignin-type Py products were reduced by 13 and 49%, respectively. With increasing THTT, the total content of CO2, water and methanol decreases, and the amount of unidentified compounds increases by 30%.

Identifi cation of Volatile Compounds Emitted by Artemisia ordosica (Artemisia, Asteraceae) and Changes due to Mechanical Damage and Weevil Infestation

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Dayong Zhou ◽  
Youqing Luo ◽  
Jinlin Wang ◽  
Shixiang Zong
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Methyl Salicylate ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Green Leaf Volatiles ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Dynamic Headspace ◽  
Artemisia Ordosica ◽  
Leaf Volatiles ◽  
Weevil Infestation

Volatiles emitted by healthy, mechanically damaged, and weevil-infested Artemisia ordosica (Asteraceae) were obtained through a dynamic headspace method and analysed by automatic thermal desorption/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (ATD/GC/MS). Twenty-eight compounds in all were identified, and the qualitative as well as quantitative differences were compared. The green leaf volatiles 2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, 2-hexen-1-ol, 1-hexanol, and (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol acetate were present in all of the damaged plants, but in relatively lower portions when plants were infested by the weevil Adosopius sp., while the terpenoids α-copaene, β-cedrene, and (E,E)-α-farnesene and the ester methyl salicylate were only present in weevildamaged plants. The volatiles from healthy and weevil-infested leaves were dominated by D-limonene, whereas mechanically damaged leaves emitted β-pinene as the dominant compound

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document