Abundance and stability are species traits for four chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae, Philopteridae) on feral pigeons,Columba livia(Aves: Columbiformes: Columbidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry D. Galloway ◽  
Robert J. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Population Biology ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Chewing Lice ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Feral Pigeons ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Stable Populations ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractPopulation parameters of ectoparasites on feral pigeons,Columba liviaGmelin (Aves: Columbiformes: Columbidae), were estimated from 1995–2012 in southern Manitoba, Canada. The ectoparasites are chewing lice (Phthiraptera): Philopteridae –Campanulotes compar(Burmeister),Columbicola columbae(Linnaeus), andColoceras tovornikaeTendeiro; Menoponidae –Hohorstiella lata(Piaget). We tested the hypotheses that both abundance and population stability are species-specific traits. Over 10 years, the four species of lice had distinct population dynamics.Campanulotes comparandC. columbaewere more abundant thanC. tovornikaeandH. lata, had higher male to female sex ratios and higher ratios of nymphs to females, different levels of aggregation, and more stable populations.Campanulotes comparwas more prevalent thanC. columbaeand its prevalence was more stable, and the two species also showed differences in the levels and stabilities of male and nymph to female ratios.Coloceras tovornikaehad a higher prevalence and male to female sex ratio thanH. lata, but the two species showed similar levels of stability for these parameters. The level of stability of these populations was relatively high compared with many other organisms, and in particular higher than for plant ectoparasites (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Although the four species occupy similar habitats, often on the same bird, and three of the four feed in a similar way, the population biology of each species is distinct. The life history traits that lead to these differences have yet to be determined.

Seasonal population dynamics of four species of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae, Philopteridae) on feral pigeons (Aves: Columbiformes: Columbidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 147 (6) ◽  
pp. 712-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry D. Galloway ◽  
Robert J. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Chewing Lice ◽  
Feral Pigeons ◽  
History Of ◽  
Continuous Feeding ◽  
Seasonal Population ◽  
Seasonal Population Dynamics

AbstractSeasonal dynamics of louse (Phthiraptera) populations on feral pigeons, Columba livia Gmelin (Aves: Columbiformes: Columbidae) were investigated from 2003 to 2012 in southern Manitoba, Canada. Pigeons were infested with: Philopteridae – Campanulotes compar (Burmeister), Columbicola columbae (Linnaeus), and Coloceras tovornikae Tendeiro; Menoponidae – Hohorstiella lata (Piaget). We consider the hypothesis that four species living on the same host show similar seasonal dynamics, coordinated by the life history of the host. Adults of both sexes and nymphs of all four species were present on pigeons throughout the year, consistent with continuous feeding and reproduction. Campanulotes compar and C. columbae populations were low in spring and peaked in September, with C. columbae showing greater seasonal changes for all population parameters. Coloceras tovornikae showed two annual peaks in abundance in spring and late summer, and H. lata was most abundant in the cold months of the year. Over 10 years, the four species showed distinct seasonal dynamics, although they live on the same birds. Seasonal patterns provided no evidence that louse reproduction or abundance is coordinated by the long breeding and moulting seasons of the host.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility and diarrheagenic diagnosis of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica isolated from feral pigeons (Columba livia) captured in Fortaleza, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 2150-2154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben V. Horn ◽  
Windleyanne G.A. Bezerra ◽  
Elisângela S. Lopes ◽  
Régis S.C. Teixeira ◽  
Isaac N.G. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Feral Pigeons

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to isolate Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica from captured feral pigeons in Fortaleza, Brazil, and, in addition to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and diagnose diarrheagenic E. coli strains. Pigeons were captured in four public locations in Fortaleza with three techniques. Individual cloacal swab samples were collected and submitted to bacterial isolation, biochemical identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test. Disk diffusion technique was used with twelve antibiotics. E. coli strains were submitted to DNA extraction followed by PCR to diagnose five diarrheagenic pathotypes. A total of 124 birds were captured. One bird was positive for Salmonella enterica (0.81%) and 121 (97.58%) were positive for E. coli. Among these, 110 isolates were submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility test and 28.18% (31/110) presented resistance to at least one antibiotic. Resistance to azithromycin was the most frequent (21.82%), followed by tetracycline (10.91%) and sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim (8.9%). Multidrug resistance, calculated as a resistance to at least 3 antimicrobial classes, was identified in 3.64% (4/110) of strains. The maximum number of antimicrobial classes to which one strain was resistant was seven. Results demonstrated nine different resistance profiles and the most frequent was tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim (4 strains), followed by chloramphenicol, azithromycin, tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim (3 strains). Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid and tobramycin presented lowest levels of antimicrobial resistance, to which none of the tested strains were resistant. A single strain was positive for the eltB gene, which is a diagnostic tool to identify the Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) pathotype. None of the other investigated genes (stx1, stx2, estA, eaeA, ipaH, aatA and aaiC) were identified. The single isolate of S. enterica was a rough strain of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, but serotype identification was not possible. However, this isolate presented resistance to amoxicillin, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim. Therefore, captured feral pigeons of Fortaleza presented a low prevalence of S. enterica and diarrheagenic E. coli. Considering the investigated pathogens, our results suggest a good health status and a low public health risk. However, important antimicrobial resistance profiles were identified.

scholarly journals Molecular screening of XY SRY-negative sex reversal cases in horses revealed anomalies in amelogenin testing

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 938-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria M. Martinez ◽  
Mónica Costa ◽  
Cecilia Ratti
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disorder ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Sex Reversal ◽  
Initial Result ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Sex Marker ◽  
Xy Sex Reversal ◽  
Dna Genotyping ◽  
Male To Female

Male-to-female sex reversal in horses is a developmental disorder in which phenotypic females have a male genetic constitution. Male-to-female sex reversal is the second most common genetic sex abnormality, after X chromosome monosomy. All male-to-female sex reversal cases studied to date have been found to be infertile. Therefore, a screening test is particularly useful in laboratories doing DNA genotyping in horses. Our laboratory has tested > 209,000 horses for parentage using a panel of microsatellite markers and the sex marker gene amelogenin ( AMEL). Suspect XY sex reversal cases are reported females with a male profile by AMEL testing. After routine genotyping, 49 cases were detected and further tested using the sex-determining region Y ( SRY) gene, confirming the XY SRY-negative genotype of suspect sex reversal cases. When some inconsistencies arose in the initial result, a molecular panel of X- and Y-linked markers was analyzed for these samples. Of the 49 cases, 33 were confirmed as XY SRY-negative. The remaining 16 cases were identified as false-positives as a result of anomalies of AMEL testing in horses.

Male-to-Female Sex Reassignment Surgery using the Combined Vaginoplasty Technique: Satisfaction of Transgender Patients with Aesthetic, Functional, and Sexual Outcomes

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Zavlin ◽  
Jürgen Schaff ◽  
Jean-Daniel Lellé ◽  
Kevin T. Jubbal ◽  
Peter Herschbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Reassignment Surgery ◽  
Sex Reassignment ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Sexual Outcomes ◽  
Male To Female

Male-to-female sex reversal in M33 mutant mice

Nature ◽  
10.1038/31482 ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 393 (6686) ◽  
pp. 688-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Katoh-Fukui ◽  
Reiko Tsuchiya ◽  
Toshihiko Shiroishi ◽  
Yoko Nakahara ◽  
Naoko Hashimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Reversal ◽  
Mutant Mice ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Male To Female

scholarly journals The Effect of China’s Two-Child Policy on the Child Sex Ratio: Evidence From Shanghai, China

2022 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 004695802110679
Author(s):  
Di Tang ◽  
Xiangdong Gao ◽  
Jiaoli Cai ◽  
Peter. C. Coyte
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
One Child Policy ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
The One ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Municipal Level

Objective: The bias towards males at birth has resulted in a major imbalance in the Chinese sex ratio that is often attributed to China’s one-child policy. Relaxation of the one-child policy has the potential to reduce the imbalance in the sex ratio away from males. In this study, we assessed whether the bias towards males in the child sex ratio was reduced as a result of the two-child policy in China. Medical records data from one large municipal-level obstetrics hospital in Shanghai, East China. Design: Matching and difference-in-differences (MDID) techniques were used to investigate the effect of the two-child policy on the imbalance in the sex ratio at birth after matching for pregnancy status and socioeconomic factors. Results: Analyzing 133,358 live births suggest that the relaxation of the one-child policy had a small, but statistically significant effect in reducing the imbalance in the male to female sex ratio at birth. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that relaxation of the one-child policy reduced the imbalance in the male to female sex ratio at birth from 1.10 to 1.05 over the study period at one of the major obstetrics and gynecology hospitals in China.

Determination of Cardinal Temperatures of Flax-leaf Alyssum (Alyssum linifolium) in Response to Salinity, pH, and Drought Stress

Weed Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmadreza Mobli ◽  
Ali Ghanbari ◽  
Mehdi Rastgoo
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Quadratic Polynomial ◽  
Polynomial Model ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Cardinal Temperatures ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractFlax-leaf alyssum (Alyssum linifoliumSteph. ex. Willd.) is a winter weed species in irrigated and dryland farming systems of Iran. Experiments were conducted to compare the cardinal temperatures ofA. linifoliumat different levels of drought, salt concentration, and pH. In all experiments, the dent-like model showed a better fit than the quadratic polynomial model.Alyssum linifoliumproduced the highest germination rates at pH 7 and a temperature of 20C in nonstress treatment. Minimum, optimum, and ceiling temperatures in the dent-like model were 4.1 (upper=26.8, lower=10.0) and 35C, and in the quadratic polynomial model were 3.3, 19.1, and 35.0C, respectively. At increased salinity and drought potential levels, the minimum temperature increased, while optimum and ceiling temperatures decreased. Seeds could germinate at up to 20 dS m−1and −1 MPa, respectively, but germination rate and percentage significantly decreased. The seeds of this weed germinated across a wide range of pH values (4≤pH≥8), but the temperature range at which seeds could germinate was reduced. These data serve as guidelines for species-specific propagation protocols and agricultural decision support systems.

scholarly journals Greater variability in chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ) brain structure among males

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1925) ◽  
pp. 20192858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex R. DeCasien ◽  
Chet C. Sherwood ◽  
Steven J. Schapiro ◽  
James P. Higham
Keyword(s):  
Brain Structure ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Generalized Linear Mixed Models ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Pearson Correlations ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Different Levels

Across the animal kingdom, males tend to exhibit more behavioural and morphological variability than females, consistent with the ‘greater male variability hypothesis'. This may reflect multiple mechanisms operating at different levels, including selective mechanisms that produce and maintain variation, extended male development, and X chromosome effects. Interestingly, human neuroanatomy shows greater male variability, but this pattern has not been demonstrated in any other species. To address this issue, we investigated sex-specific neuroanatomical variability in chimpanzees by examining relative and absolute surface areas of 23 cortical sulci across 226 individuals (135F/91M), using permutation tests of the male-to-female variance ratio of residuals from MCMC generalized linear mixed models controlling for relatedness. We used these models to estimate sulcal size heritability, simulations to assess the significance of heritability, and Pearson correlations to examine inter-sulcal correlations. Our results show that: (i) male brain structure is relatively more variable; (ii) sulcal surface areas are heritable and therefore potentially subject to selection; (iii) males exhibit lower heritability values, possibly reflecting longer development; and (iv) males exhibit stronger inter-sulcal correlations, providing indirect support for sex chromosome effects. These results provide evidence that greater male neuroanatomical variability extends beyond humans, and suggest both evolutionary and developmental explanations for this phenomenon.

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