Seasonal occurrence and spatial distribution of resinosis, a symptom of Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) injury, on boles of Pinus sylvestris (Pinaceae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Ryan ◽  
Peter de Groot ◽  
Sandy M. Smith ◽  
Jean J. Turgeon
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
North America ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Sirex Noctilio ◽  
Northeastern North America ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Established Population

AbstractAn established population of the exotic woodwasp Sirex noctilio Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) was first detected in North America in 2004. In order to develop survey guidelines for the detection of this major pest of Pinus Linnaeus species in the Southern Hemisphere, we examined 231 Pinus sylvestris biweekly to establish the timing and spatial distribution of resinosis symptoms of attack, and the timing of subsequent tree mortality. Fresh resin appeared between mid-July and late August, and on 70% of infested trees was observed on the mid bole. The occurrence of tree death varied between sites, from 2 weeks after the first detection of resinosis in one site to several months in seven other sites. Findings from our study provide key information to improve detection of S. noctilio and predict its impact on forest stands in its new range in northeastern North America.

Parasitism of Sirex noctilio by non-sterilizing Deladenus siricidicola in northeastern North America

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie A. Kroll ◽  
Ann E. Hajek ◽  
E. Erin Morris ◽  
Stefan J. Long
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Sirex Noctilio ◽  
Northeastern North America ◽  
Deladenus Siricidicola

New Perspectives on Meadowood Trade Items

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Taché
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
North America ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Northeastern North America ◽  
Corporate Groups ◽  
Early Woodland ◽  
Interaction Spheres ◽  
The Creation

In Early Woodland times, the creation of vast interaction spheres resulted in the widespread circulation of various objects and raw materials across northeastern North America. In this article, I discuss the contexts and spatial distribution of Meadowood trade items from over 240 archaeological sites. Traditionally viewed by William A. Ritchie as cult-related items, Meadowood artifacts have subsequently been interpreted as participating in a risk-buffering strategy. Alternatively, I present arguments supporting the role of Meadowood artifacts as part of a strategy used by a few individuals or corporate groups to increase their status through privilege access to rare and highly valued goods. Socially valued goods can be used in multiple ways and documenting this complexity is a prerequisite to understanding the mechanisms underlying the circulation of goods within the Meadowood Interaction Sphere, the structure of the network, and the incentives of the participating groups. This article stresses the need to move beyond the dichotomy between utilitarian/subsistence-related goods and non-utilitarian/ritual artifacts.

Distinguishing isolates of Deladenus siricidicola, a biological control agent of Sirex noctilio, from North America and the Southern Hemisphere using PCR–RFLP

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1173-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Leal ◽  
B. Foord ◽  
C. Davis ◽  
P. de Groot ◽  
X.O. Mlonyeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Sirex Noctilio ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
The North ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Deladenus Siricidicola ◽  
Key Questions

The woodwasp Sirex noctilio Fabricius, along with its obligate symbiotic fungus Amylostereum areolatum (Chaillet ex Fr.) Boidin, is amongst the most damaging invasive species to many commercial pine plantations. The most effective biocontrol agent for management of this woodwasp has been the nematode Deladenus siricidicola Bedding. Before this agent can be used in North America, answering key questions about its interaction with native siricids and other strains of the nematode is essential, as would be the need to track its spread after release. The aim of this study was to develop tools to differentiate between the North American D. siricidicola isolates and the Southern Hemisphere Kamona strain of this species. We sequenced a region from ribosomal DNA and the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 and developed a PCR–RFLP method based on a single nucleotide polymorphism flanking a microsatellite sequence. These markers will be useful for science-based operational biocontrol of S. noctilio.

FABRIC OF THE LITHOSPHERE IN NORTHEASTERN NORTH AMERICA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiran Li ◽  
◽  
Vadim Levin ◽  
Zhenxin Xie
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Northeastern North America

Early Maize in Northeastern North America: A Comment on Emerson and Colleagues

2021 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-427
Author(s):  
John P. Hart ◽  
William A. Lovis ◽  
M. Anne Katzenberg
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Northeastern North America ◽  
Isotopic Evidence ◽  
St Lawrence River

Emerson and colleagues (2020) provide new isotopic evidence on directly dated human bone from the Greater Cahokia region. They conclude that maize was not adopted in the region prior to AD 900. Placing this result within the larger context of maize histories in northeastern North America, they suggest that evidence from the lower Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River valley for earlier maize is “enigmatic” and “perplexing.” Here, we review that evidence, accumulated over the course of several decades, and question why Emerson and colleagues felt the need to offer opinions on that evidence without providing any new contradictory empirical evidence for the region.

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