Diversity and seasonal density of carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in relation to the soybean aphid in soybean crop in Québec, Canada

2012 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabelle Firlej ◽  
Annie-Ève Gagnon ◽  
Simon Laurin-Lemay ◽  
Jacques Brodeur
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Soybean Aphid ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Activity Density ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Field Location ◽  
Aphid Populations

AbstractWe studied the diversity and summer seasonal activity-density of Carabidae associated with soybean fields infested by the soybean aphid (Aphis glycinesMatsumura; Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Québec, Canada. Carabid beetles were sampled in six to seven fields from June to September 2004 and 2005 using pitfall traps. A total of 33 species from 15 genera were identified, with the exoticPterostichus melanarius(Illiger) (Coleoptera: Carabidae), representing 75.8% and 84.5% of all individuals trapped in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Large variations in species richness and diversity indexes were observed between fields within and between years. Multivariate analyses showed that carabid activity-density varied as a function of field location and sampling period, with individuals belonging to species overwintering as adults being more abundant early in the growing season. There was no relationship between carabid trap catches andA. glycinesdensity, suggesting that carabid beetles do not respond numerically to soybean aphid populations at the spatial scale studied.

scholarly journals Carabid beetle assemblages (Coleoptera) in a wooded meadow and in the adjacent habitats on the Saaremaa Island, Estonia

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tõnu Talvi
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Traditional Management ◽  
Beetle Assemblages ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius

Carabid beetles were sampled by using pitfall traps during one season in traditionally managed wooded meadow and in adjacent habitats (dry meadow, deciduous forest and spruce forest) on Saaremaa Island, Estonia. A total of 2356 carabids belonging to 35 species were caught. The number of species and species diversity were highest in the wooded meadow and lowest in the dry meadow. In the wooded meadow, the dominant species were Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger) and P. niger, (Schaller), which counted together for 49% of the total sample. The highest number of scarce species was found in the wooded meadow. Similarity of the carabid assemblages was highest between the two types of forests. The carabid assemblage in the wooded meadow was most similar to that of the deciduous forest; the values of similarity of wooded meadow versus spruce forest and wooded meadow versus dry meadow were only slightly lower. The results indicate that high biodiversity level of the wooded meadow can be maintained only through continuous traditional management.

scholarly journals Aggregation of ground beetles (Carabidae, Coleoptera) on winter rape seeds dispersed on the ground

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Honěk ◽  
Z. Martinková
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Method ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Activity Density ◽  
Seed Eating ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
And Control

The preference of adult polyphagous ground beetles (Carabidae, Coleoptera) for winter rape seeds was investigated using an indirect method. Rape seeds were scattered around pitfall traps. The catches of carabid beetles in these traps and control traps without seeds were compared. The traps were exposed in two stands of winter wheat. In the wheat stand where overall carabid activity density was high, the presence of rape seeds significantly increased the catches of total seed-eating carabids, and of the two species Pseudoophonus rufipes and Calathus fuscipes. The effect was not significant in the other wheat stand where activity density was low. The aggregation of carabids at places with winter rape seeds indicated the importance of carabid predation on seeds scattered on the ground.

Spatial and temporal patterns of carabid activity-density in cereals do not explain levels of predation on weed seeds

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Saska ◽  
W. van der Werf ◽  
E. de Vries ◽  
P.R. Westerman
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Seed Predation ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Background Density ◽  
Activity Density

AbstractSeed predation is an important component of seed mortality of weeds in agro-ecosystems, but the agronomic use and management of this natural weed suppression is hampered by a lack of insight in the underlying ecological processes. In this paper, we investigate whether and how spatial and temporal variation in activity-density of granivorous ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) results in a corresponding pattern of seed predation. Activity-density of carabids was measured by using pitfall traps in two organic winter wheat fields from March to July 2004. Predation of seeds (Capsella bursa-pastoris,Lamium amplexicaule,Poa annuaandStellaria media) was assessed using seed cards at the same sites and times. As measured by pitfall traps, carabids were the dominant group of insects that had access to the seed cards. In the field, predation of the four different species of seed was in the order:C. bursa-pastoris>P. annua>S. media>L. amplexicaule; and this order of preference was confirmed in the laboratory using the dominant species of carabid. On average, seed predation was higher in the field interior compared to the edge, whereas catches of carabids were highest near the edge. Weeks with elevated seed predation did not concur with high activity-density of carabids. Thus, patterns of spatial and temporal variation in seed predation were not matched by similar patterns in the abundance of granivorous carabid beetles. The lack of correspondence is ascribed to effects of confounding factors, such as weather, the background density of seeds, the composition of the carabid community, and the phenology and physiological state of the beetles. Our results show that differences in seed loss among weed species may be predicted from laboratory trials on preference. However, predator activity-density, as measured in pitfall traps, is an insufficient predictor of seed predation over time and space within a field.

scholarly journals Activity density of carabid beetles along an urbanisation gradient

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (Suppl.) ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Simone Fattorini ◽  
Cristina Mantoni ◽  
Davide Bergamaschi ◽  
Lorenzo Fortini ◽  
Francisco J. Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Intermediate Disturbance ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Activity Density ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Several works have investigated the impact of urbanisation on carabid activity density using urban-rural gradients. Such works compared activity density recorded from green spaces located in different parts of a city and assigned to categories of increasing urban intensity, which poses two problems: (1) since the gradient is divided into categories, it is impossible to model continuous variations in biotic responses, and (2) sites representative of different urbanisation levels are not true segments of the same ecological continuum. To surpass these problems, we modelled variations in carabid activity density along an urban-rural transect within a single green space extending from the city centre of Rome to rural environments. Carabids were sampled by pitfall traps from sites distributed along the entire gradient. We used breakpoint regressions to model how (1) carabid activity density, (2) carabids/beetles ratio, (3) carabids/insects ratio and (3) carabids/arthropods ratio varied along the gradient. As already observed for various organisms in urban environments, we found that activity density of carabids and their contribution to the abundance of beetles, insects and arthropods, peaked in the middle of the gradient. This supports the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, according to which moderate urbanisation may favour diversity by increasing habitat heterogeneity.

scholarly journals Standardizing carabid pitfall catches for trapping effort; a meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Saska ◽  
David Makowski ◽  
David Bohan ◽  
Wopke van der Werf
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Power Exponent ◽  
List Type ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Pitfall Trapping ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Activity Density ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

AbstractCarabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) provide important ecological services and are frequently used as a bio-indicator in monitoring environmental quality. The abundance and diversity of carabids is usually determined using pitfall trapping, but trap catches are difficult to compare between studies due to variation in trapping effort. The standardization of the catch for trapping effort has not been previously addressed in a global analysis of studies in the literature.The aims of this study are (i) to define a method for estimating the effect of trapping effort on the size of the pitfall catch, and (ii) to explore factors related to study designs, sampling method, study origin, and level of data aggregation to determine how these factors affect the catch per unit effort in pitfall trapping.We conducted a meta-analysis on the activity-density and diversity of carabids across studies, based on published data from Europe and North-America to analyse whether standardization of catch measurements might be possible. Data were extracted from 104 publications, spanning a period of 42 years.The total catch was proportional to the number of trap days, and ranged from 0.19-9.53 beetles/(trap day) across studies (95% range), with a mean of 1.33 beetles/(trap day). The number of species was allometrically related to the trapping effort defined as the product of the number of traps, their perimeter and the time of exposure in the field, and characterized by a power exponent of 0.25. Species richness ranged across studies from 2.30-13.18 species/(m day)0.25 (95% range) with a mean of 7.15 species/(m day)0.25. The size of the catch and the number of species were higher in crops with narrow as compared to wide rows. There was no significant change in abundance or diversity of carabids in arable land over the 42 years covered. We also found that increasing trapping effort may not yield more accurate results.The results show that it is possible to standardize activity-density-based catches and species diversity for trapping effort across studies using a power transformation, allowing meta-analysis of such data, e.g. to elucidate factors affecting abundance and diversity of the focal taxa.

Comparison of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and spiders (Araneae) collected in pan and pitfall traps

2003 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Buddle ◽  
H.E. James Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Pitfall Trapping ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Pan Traps

Pitfall trapping is a widely used sampling method for biodiversity-related research of ground-dwelling arthropods. The trap is a container, usually with a preservative, that is sunk into the ground to collect arthropods which happen upon the trap perimeter and fall in (Lemieux and Lindgren 1999; Work et al. 2002). Two types receive the most use: deep circular pitfall traps and shallow rectangular pan traps (Marshall et al. 2001). The preserving fluid can influence trap efficacy (Deville and Wheeler 1998). Our objectives were to compare the efficiency of pitfall and pan traps with and without detergent in the preserving fluid (Marshall et al. 1994), using carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and spiders (Araneae) as focal taxa.

OCCURRENCE OF CARABID BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) IN A BOREAL FOREST DAMAGED BY FIRE

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Richardson ◽  
N. J. Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Habitat Change ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Pitfall Traps

AbstractFifteen months after an intense forest fire, the fauna of carabid beetles in burnt and unburnt sites was sampled using pitfall traps to detect the indirect effects of fire on carabids caused by habitat change. Traps were installed in burnt and unburnt sites in which the dominant tree species before the fire was either spruce or aspen. The most commonly caught species was Pterostichus pensylvanicus which was captured more frequently in unburnt sites, but was not affected by dominant tree species; a similar pattern of distribution of captures was found for Carabus taedatus. Harpalus laticeps was captured only in burnt sites. P. lucublandus and Dicaelus sculptilis upioides were most commonly caught in the unburnt aspen site, while Pterostichus adstrictus was most commonly caught in the burnt spruce site.

Seasonal patterns in trap catches of the crayfish Cambarus bartoni and Orconectes virilis in six south-central Ontario lakes

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1136-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith M. Somers ◽  
Roger H. Green
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Smallmouth Bass ◽  
Orconectes Virilis ◽  
Scuba Divers ◽  
South Central ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Crayfish were trapped in six south-central Ontario lakes to examine seasonal changes in estimates of relative abundance. Baited-trap catches of Cambarus bartoni and Orconectes virilis correlated with changes in water temperature. Cambarid catches increased in the spring until a midsummer maximum, but dropped suddenly as the water temperature began to fall in August. Ovigerous (i.e., egg-bearing) females and recently moulted males were captured by SCUBA divers in August. Trap catches increased, once breeding and moulting periods concluded, and subsequently decreased as water temperatures continued to drop in the autumn. In contrast, catches of male O. virilis increased in the spring and remained relatively constant throughout the summer until water temperatures fell in September. Catches of female O. virilis peaked somewhat later in the summer and then gradually declined in the early fall. Although the two species and the two sexes differed in the length of the midsummer sampling period when trap catches were relatively constant, similar seasonal trends among lakes suggest that midsummer trap catches can be used to estimate crayfish relative abundance. Other factors, such as the presence of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui), lake physical and chemical characteristics, and the number of co-occurring crayfish species also correlated with trap catches. Both the presence of bass and the number of co-occurring species of crayfish probably affect crayfish behaviour and activity, thereby reducing catches in baited traps, but not necessarily affecting actual population abundance. Comparisons of relative abundance based on catches from baited traps must control for these seasonal behavioural, and environmental factors.

THE TOXICITY OF INSECTICIDES BY CONTACT AND SOIL TREATMENT TO TWO SPECIES OF GROUND BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE)

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Tomlin
Keyword(s):  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Spray Tower ◽  
Pest Insects ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius ◽  
Soil Insecticides ◽  
Serial Dilutions

AbstractAdults of predatory carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of the species Stenolophus comma Fabricius field-collected from light traps were bioassayed against several soil insecticides along with laboratory reared larvae of the predatory carabid Pterostichus melanarius Illiger. Adult S. comma beetles were exposed to serial dilutions of insecticides using a Potter spray tower; larvae of P. melanarius were exposed to insecticidally treated Plainfield sand. Fensulfothion, phorate, methomyl, carbofuran, and O,O-diethyl-S(tertbutylthio) methyl phosphorodithioate (Counter®) proved to be highly toxic to adult S. comma with a 0.01% solution causing mortalities > 65%. In the bioassay of P. melanarius larvae, Counter®, phorate, heptachlor, aldrin, and O-(2-chloro-1-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)vinyl) O-methyl ethylphosphonothioate (WL 24073) produced mortalities > 75% at 0.1 p.p.m. in Plainfield sand. The Pterostichus larvae which are probably important as predators of pest insects appear quite susceptible to several important soil insecticides. Chlorfenvinphos, leptophos, and p,p′-DDT were fairly innocuous to both adults and larvae.

Carabid beetle communities after 18 years of conservation tillage and crop rotation in a cool humid climate

2012 ◽  
Vol 144 (5) ◽  
pp. 645-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Lalonde ◽  
Anne Légère ◽  
F. Craig Stevenson ◽  
Michèle Roy ◽  
Anne Vanasse
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Carabid Beetle ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Activity Density ◽  
Crop Sequence

AbstractAgricultural practices affect the biotic and abiotic conditions that determine food and shelter for carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). We hypothesised that carabid communities would respond differently to 18 years of contrasted cropping practices in cereal-based rotations. We measured the effects of tillage (MP: moldboard plough; CP: chisel plough; NT: no-till) and previous crop sequence (cereal monoculture versus cereal–forage/cereal–oilseed rotation) on carabid beetle activity density, diversity, and community structure in corn (Zea mays Linnaeus, Poaceae) at La Pocatière, Québec, Canada. Carabid beetles were sampled monthly from May to September 2006, using pitfall traps. Although 19 carabid species were observed, assemblages were dominated by Harpalus rufipes (De Geer), particularly in the second half of the season. Multivariate analyses indicated a strong affinity of carabid species for the NT treatment throughout the season. Crop sequence and tillage had no effect on diversity (Shannon's H′ ≤ 1.3) and evenness of carabid assemblage, but species richness and activity density were greater in NT than in tilled systems. Peak activity density of dominant species occurred at different times during the season, generally in accordance with preferred breeding season. Many species had greater activity density in NT than in tilled treatments. Because of their granivorous feeding habit, carabid populations such as that of H. rufipes could be an important asset to NT, given the limited weed management options available for this system.

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