Parasitism of adult Poecilus versicolor (Coleoptera: Carabidae) by hymenopteran larvae

2011 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kôji Sasakawa ◽  
Hiroshi Ikeda ◽  
Mitsuaki Sutou ◽  
Shigeto Dobata ◽  
Motomi Itô
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Carabid Beetle ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Dna Analyses ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
Female Host ◽  
Level Identification

AbstractWe report the presence and effects of parasitoid larvae (Hymenoptera) in the carabid beetle Poecilus versicolor (Sturm). Dissection of one female and one male live host found 33 and 25 hymenopteran larvae, respectively. Although eggs were absent in the female host, likely because of consumption by parasitoids, distinct corpora lutea (present in parous females) were observed. In the male host, reproductive organs were undamaged. These observations suggest incomplete “parasitic castration” of the host beetle by the parasitoids. Parasitism rates in specimens from three localities were markedly low (0%–3.2%). At one locality, only one male and three female beetles containing parasitoids were found; those individuals each contained 9–27 larvae (mean 19.3). These results suggest that hymenopterous parasitoids in adult P. versicolor have little effect on the population dynamics of this beetle. The parasitoid larvae included two morphological types belonging to at least two taxa. Mitochondrial DNA analyses suggested that one of the types represented two species of Microctonus Wesmael (Braconidae: Euphorinae). The result of the genus-level identification, however, requires confirmation because the analyzed data set did not cover all braconid genera.

Effect of Exposure to Mixture of Heavy Metals Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead on Reproductive Function and Oxidative Stress in Female Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Choudhuri D. ◽  
Bhattacharjee T.
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Oestrus Cycle ◽  
Implantation Sites ◽  
Live Fetus

Background : Toxicological consequences arising from exposure to mixtures of heavy metals especially at low, chronic and environmentally relevant doses are poorly recognised. In the present study, we evaluated effects of chronic exposure to combinations of three metals arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) present frequently in drinking water on reproductive function and oxidative damage caused to reproductive organs of female rats. Method : Female rats were exposed to mixture of metals (As, Cdand Pb) for 90 consecutive days. The gain in body weight and weight of reproductive organs were recorded following autopsy on 91 stday. The oestrus cycle were monitored during entire treatment period. Numbers of corpora lutea, implantation sites, live fetus and survival of the fetus were evaluated in rats mated successfully with untreated male after completion of their respective treatment. Ovarian cholesterol, protein, ascorbic acid and enzyme Δ 5 -3β HSD levels were estimated. Serum levels of steroid hormones oestrogen and progesterone were estimated. Histopathological picture of both ovary and uterus were assessed. Levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidise (GPX) activity, amount of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondyaldehyde (MDA) in blood, ovary and uterus were measured as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Results : The treated rats showed reduced body weight gain and reduction in the weight of ovary and uterus. Oestrus cycle was disrupted with continuous diestrous in treated animals. Number of corpora lutea, implantation sites and live fetus and the survival of fetus evaluate were reduced significantly in treated groups. The levels of ovarian cholesterol and ascorbic acid increased in treated rats with decrease Δ5 -3β HSD level. There was reduction in serum level of both the ovarian steroid hormones oestrogen and progesterone. The protein levels did not differ between the groups. There was a significant increase in levels of MDA and decrease in levels of all the antioxidant enzymes in treated group. Conclusion : The results revealed there was disruption to reproductive functions with decrease in stereoidogenic activity and associated oxidative stress in female rats treated with combination of mixture of metals (Cd, As and Pb) at low dose for 90 consecutive days.

The social wasp Vespula germanica (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) population dynamics in England over 39 years.

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Michael Archer
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Dynamic ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Social Wasp ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Vespula Germanica ◽  
The Social ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Suction Traps

1. Yearly records of worker Vespula germanica (Fabricius) taken in suction traps at Silwood Park (28 years) and at Rothamsted Research (39 years) are examined. 2. Using the autocorrelation function (ACF), a significant negative 1-year lag followed by a lesser non-significant positive 2-year lag was found in all, or parts of, each data set, indicating an underlying population dynamic of a 2-year cycle with a damped waveform. 3. The minimum number of years before the 2-year cycle with damped waveform was shown varied between 17 and 26, or was not found in some data sets. 4. Ecological factors delaying or preventing the occurrence of the 2-year cycle are considered.

scholarly journals Correction to: Insights into Ethiopian honey bee diversity based on wing geomorphometric and mitochondrial DNA analyses

Apidologie ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teweldemedhn Gebretinsae Hailu ◽  
Paul D’Alvise ◽  
Adam Tofilski ◽  
Stefan Fuchs ◽  
Juergen Greiling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Dna Analyses ◽  
Bee Diversity

scholarly journals Speciation of two gobioid species, Pterogobius elapoides and Pterogobius zonoleucus revealed by multi-locus nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analyses

Gene ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 576 (2) ◽  
pp. 593-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihito ◽  
Fumihito Akishinonomiya ◽  
Yuji Ikeda ◽  
Masahiro Aizawa ◽  
So Nakagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Dna Analyses

scholarly journals The promiscuous and highly mobile resistome of a superbug

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismael Hernández-González ◽  
Valeria Mateo-Estrada ◽  
Santiago Castillo-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Gene Content ◽  
Massive Data ◽  
Nosocomial Pathogen ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Massive Data Set ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
And Control ◽  
Global Population

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AR) is a major global threat to public health. Understanding the population dynamics of AR is critical to restrain and control this issue. However, no study has provided a global picture of the resistome of Acinetobacter baumannii, a very important nosocomial pathogen. Here we analyze 1450+ genomes (covering > 40 countries and > 4 decades) to infer the global population dynamics of the resistome of this species. We show that gene flow and horizontal transfer have driven the dissemination of AR genes in A. baumannii. We found considerable variation in AR gene content across lineages. Although the individual AR gene histories have been affected by recombination, the AR gene content has been shaped by the phylogeny. Furthermore, many AR genes have been transferred to other well-known pathogens, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Klebsiella pneumoniae. Finally, despite using this massive data set, we were not able to sample the whole diversity of AR genes, which suggests that this species has an open resistome. Ours results highlight the high mobilization risk of AR genes between important pathogens. On a broader perspective, this study gives a framework for an emerging perspective (resistome-centric) on the genome epidemiology (and surveillance) of bacterial pathogens.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial gene signature in the prefrontal cortex for differential susceptibility to chronic stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meltem Weger ◽  
Daniel Alpern ◽  
Antoine Cherix ◽  
Sriparna Ghosal ◽  
Jocelyn Grosse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene Expression ◽  
Data Set ◽  
A Genome

Abstract Mitochondrial dysfunction was highlighted as a crucial vulnerability factor for the development of depression. However, systemic studies assessing stress-induced changes in mitochondria-associated genes in brain regions relevant to depression symptomatology remain scarce. Here, we performed a genome-wide transcriptomic study to examine mitochondrial gene expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) of mice exposed to multimodal chronic restraint stress. We identified mitochondria-associated gene pathways as most prominently affected in the PFC and with lesser significance in the NAc. A more detailed mitochondrial gene expression analysis revealed that in particular mitochondrial DNA-encoded subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes were altered in the PFC. The comparison of our data with a reanalyzed transcriptome data set of chronic variable stress mice and major depression disorder subjects showed that the changes in mitochondrial DNA-encoded genes are a feature generalizing to other chronic stress-protocols as well and might have translational relevance. Finally, we provide evidence for changes in mitochondrial outputs in the PFC following chronic stress that are indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction. Collectively, our work reinforces the idea that changes in mitochondrial gene expression are key players in the prefrontal adaptations observed in individuals with high behavioral susceptibility and resilience to chronic stress.

Detection of two cryptic taxa in Meristogenys amoropalamus (Amphibia, Ranidae) through nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analyses

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1843 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOMOHIKO SHIMADA ◽  
MASAFUMI MATSUI ◽  
PAUL YAMBUN ◽  
MAKLARIN LAKIM ◽  
MARYATI MOHAMED
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Dna Analyses ◽  
Deep Coalescence ◽  
Pomc Gene ◽  
Cryptic Taxa ◽  
Rag 1

We identified three distinct sympatric lineages of frogs among specimens previously considered a single species (Meris- togenys amoropalamus Matsui), based on 909 bp of mitochondrial DNA (12S rRNA and cytochrome b). To seek evidence of reproductive isolation between these lineages, we first analyzed a 249-bp fragment of the nuclear proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene and found five haplotypes, of which two were limited to lineage 1 and three belonged to lineages 3 and 4. In a subsequent phylogenetic analysis of a 1313-bp fragment of nuclear POMC, Rag-1, and rhodopsin, lineage 1 was again distinct, while lineages 3 and 4 could not be differentiated. The results of the nuclear gene analyses suggest that lineage 1 is strongly isolated reproductively from lineages 3 and 4, which are not isolated from each other. This conclusion conforms to groupings based on larval morphology. These results indicate that frogs morphologically identified as M. amoropalamus should be split into two sympatric species, one of which contains two mitochondrial lineages that have presumably been retained via deep coalescence.

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