Is soybean oil an effective repellent against Aedes aegypti?

2010 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory Campbell ◽  
Gerhard Gries
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Insect Repellent ◽  
Mosquito Repellent ◽  
Repellent Effect ◽  
Human Forearm

AbstractSoybean oil (SO) is considered an active ingredient in commercial BiteBlocker™ insect-repellent products. Our objective was to test mechanisms by which SO exhibits repellency, using the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae), as a representative blood-feeding insect. In dual-port glass-cage olfactometers, human hands treated with SO at various concentrations attracted as many mosquitoes as did untreated hands, indicating that SO has no long-range repellent effect. In contrast, hands treated with N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) attracted significantly fewer mosquitoes than did untreated control hands. In cage experiments, treating an area of a human forearm exposed to A. aegypti with SO provided no protection against bites, whereas treating it with DEET did. These results indicate that SO has no short-range or contact repellent properties. Both DEET and the BiteBlocker™ product conferred protection for periods similar to those previously reported. Based on our data, classification of SO as an active mosquito repellent should be reconsidered.

Chemical Composition and Repellent Activity against Mosquito Aedes Aegypti of Pelargonium radula, Syzygiumaromaticum and Citrus aurantifolia Essential Oils

2020 ◽  
Vol 981 ◽  
pp. 253-257
Author(s):  
Hazrulrizawati Abd Hamid ◽  
Nishantini Silvarajoo ◽  
Nurulhusna Ab. Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Repellent Activity ◽  
Mosquito Repellent ◽  
Citrus Aurantifolia ◽  
Frequent Use

The mosquito Aedes aegypti is an epidemic vector of several diseases such as dengue fever and yellow fever. Several pesticides are used to control the mosquito population. Because of their frequent use, some mosquitoes have developed resistance. In the present study, we evaluated the synergistic mosquito-repellent activity of essential oils from Pelargonium radula, Syzgium aromaticum and Citrus aurantifolia against Aedes aegypti by using Y-tube olfactometer. The oils was subsequently analyzed by using GC–MS. These results clearly reveal that the essential oil of C. aurantifolia served as the most potent repellent agent against Aedes aegypti . The results indicate that three constituents; limonene (19.58%) followed by β–pinene (17.12%), geraniol (13.23%) which comprise a large proportion of the C. aurantifolia are likely responsible for the observed repellent activity.

Terpenes and Terpenoids. IV. Some Esters and Amides of Thujic Acid

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (19) ◽  
pp. 3230-3235 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Hach ◽  
Elizabeth C. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Acid Chloride ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Insect Repellent ◽  
Yellow Fever Mosquito ◽  
Highly Active

Representatively substituted esters (3c–h) and amides (4a–l) of thujic acid (3a) were prepared using the acid chloride as intermediate and were screened for their insect repellent and attractant potential. N,N-Diethyl thujamide (4d) was found to be a highly active repellent of the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) as well as of other insect species.

Opposite influences of host anaemia on blood feeding rate and fecundity of mosquitoes

Parasitology ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-N. Shieh ◽  
P. A. Rossignol
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Capillary Flow ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Yellow Fever Mosquito

SUMMARYWe tested a theoretical model based on the physics of capillary flow and confirmed that anaemia accelerates blood intake in the yellow-fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (L.). We also investigated the influence of anaemic blood on egg production of mosquitoes and found that it has a negative influence on fecundity. Based strictly on egg production and the physics of fluid intake, we propose that although anaemia associated with blood-borne parasites may be detrimental to mosquitoes that can engorge to repletion in one session, it may be beneficial to those interrupted before repletion because the greater quantity of the bloodmeal may compensate for its lower quality. Epidemiological consequences are discussed but require further inquiry.

scholarly journals Human Odour Coding in the Yellow Fever Mosquito, Aedes aegypti

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhou Chen ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Nannan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Yellow Fever Mosquito ◽  
Olfactory Sensilla ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Temporal Structures ◽  
Different Response

Abstract Insects use their olfactory systems to obtain chemical information on mating partners, oviposition sites and food. The yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti, an important vector of human infectious diseases, shows strong preference for human blood meals. This study investigated the chemical basis of host detection by characterizing the neuronal responses of antennal olfactory sensilla of female Ae. aegypti to 103 compounds from human skin emanations. The effect of blood feeding on the responses of olfactory sensilla to these odorants was examined as well. Sensilla SBTII, GP, and three functional subtypes of SST (SST1, SST2, and SST3) responded to most of the compounds tested. Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) ‘A’ and ‘B’ in the trichoid sensilla, either activated or inhibited, were involved in the odour coding process. Compounds from different chemical classes elicited responses with different temporal structures and different response patterns across the olfactory sensilla. Except for their increased responses to several odorants, blood-fed mosquitoes generally evoked reduced responses to specific aldehydes, alcohols, aliphatics/aromatics, ketones, and amines through the SST1, SST2, SBTI, SBTII and GP sensilla. The odorants eliciting diminished responses in female mosquitoes after blood feeding may be important in Ae. aegypti host-seeking activity and thus can be candidates for mosquito attractants in the process of this disease vector management.

scholarly journals Validation of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method with Diod Array Detection for the Quantification of Citral and Formulation of Insect Repellent Cream from Lemongrass Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Thi Hai Yen ◽  
Hoang Thuc Oanh ◽  
Vu Thi Thu Giang
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Insect Repellent ◽  
Mosquito Repellent ◽  
Repellent Effect ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Lemongrass Oil ◽  
Array Detection

Lemongrass oil derived from some species of grasses in the family of Poaceae (particularly Cymbopogon citratus) posses a highly effective insect repellent potential. In Vietnam, this product is widely commercially available but its quality is not strictly controlled. From a formulator's perspective, lemongrass essential oil is not suitable for direct application on the skin because high concentrations of citral, major chemical constituent of this oil, may cause local irritation. In addition, this compound is volatile, resulting in a short repellent effect. Contributing to solve these problems, a high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection was developed for the simultaneous quantification of neral and geranial, two geometric isomers of citral. This method was used to examine the quality of some lemongrass oil samples in order to choose material for the preparation of insect repellent cream. Experimental research demonstrated that the stability of the lemongrass oil cream containing 6% of citral was significantly improved when using β-cyclodextrin, a cyclic oligosaccharides capable of protecting substances by capturing them in conical structure. The obtained product showed insect repellent effect against banded sugar ant Camponotus consobrinus. This effect did not change after 6 months of storage in conventional conditions. Keywords Citral, high performance liquid chromatography, quantification, insect repellent cream, lemongrass oil. References [1] H.O. Lawal, G.O. Adewuyi, A.B. Fawehinmi, A.O. Adeogun, S.O. Etatuvie, Bioassay of herbal mosquito repellent formulated from the essential oil of plants, Journal of Natural Products. 5 (2012) 109-115. http://journalofnaturalproducts.com/Volume5/15_Res_paper-14.pdf.[2] New York State Integrated Pest Management Program, Lemongrass oil profile active ingredient eligible for minimum risk pesticide use. https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/56130/lemongrass-oil-MRP-NYSIPM.pdf, 2019 (accessed 5 November 2019).[3] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Citral CAS N°:5392-40-5. https://hpvchemicals.oecd.org/UI/handler.axd?id=0ea83202-3f4f-4355-be4f-27ff02e19cb9, 2001 (accessed 5 November 2019).[4] R. Arun, K.C.K. Ashok, V.V.N.S.S. Sravanthi, Cyclodextrins as drug carrier molecule: a review, Scientia Pharmaceutica 76 (2008) 567-598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.0808-05.[5] O.I. Adeniran, E. Fabiyi, A cream formulation of an effective mosquito repellent: a topical product from lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus) Stapf, Journal of Natural Product and Plant Resources, 2 (2012) 322-327. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/13bf/993de8f77462335ebc07365adb38e56e706f.pdf.[6] P. Borman, D. Elder, Q2(R1) Validation of analytical procedures: text and methodology, in: A. Teasdale, D. Elder, R.W. Nims (Eds), ICH quality guidelines: an implementation guide, John Wiley & Sons Inc., Hoboken, 2018, pp. 127-166.[7] S. Agrawal, N. Haldankar, A. Jadhav, Formulation of natural mosquito repellent, International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology 4 (2018) 11-17. https://www.ijariit.com/manuscripts/v4i1/V4I1-1143.pdf.[8] Vietnamese pharmacopoeia commission, Vietnamese pharmacopoeia V part 2, Medical Publishing House Co., Ltd, Ha Noi, 2018 (in Vietnamese).[9] M.A.B. Edris, A.S.Y. Mamat, M.S. Aslam, M.S. Ahmad, Insect repellent properties of Melaleuca alternifolia, Recent Advances in Biology and Medicine 2 (2016) 57-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18639/RABM.2016.02.293742.[10] R. Gaonkara, S. Yallappab, B.L. Dhananjayac, G. Hegde, Development and validation of reverse phase high performance liquidchromatography for citral analysis from essential oils, Journal of Chromatography B. 1036 (2016) 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.10.001.[11] D. Miron, F. Battisti, C.S.T. Caten, P. Mayorga, E.E.S. Schapoval, Spectrophotometric simultaneous determination of citral isomers in cyclodextrin complexes with partial least squares supported approach, Current Pharmaceutical Analysis 8 (2012) 401-408. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157341212803341735.[12] L. Huber, Validation and qualification in analytical laboratories, Informa Healthcare USA Inc., New York, 2007.[13] N.D. Wilson, M.S. Ivanova, R.A. Watt, A.C. Moffat, The quantification of citral in lemongrass and lemon oils by near‐infrared spectroscopy, Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 54 (2002) 1257-1263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/002235702320402107.[14] N. Dudai, O. Larkov, E. Lewinsohn, Simple colorimetric measurement of citral in lemon scented essential oils using Schiff’s reagent, Future for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 26 (2004) 499-504. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.629.64.  

scholarly journals Frequent sugar feeding behavior byAedes aegyptiin Bamako, Mali makes them ideal candidates for control with attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSB)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatoumata Sissoko ◽  
Amy Junnila ◽  
Mohamad M. Traore ◽  
Sekou F. Traore ◽  
Seydou Doumbia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Sparse Vegetation ◽  
Sugar Feeding ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pre Treatment

AbstractBackgroundCurrent tools and strategies are not sufficient to reliably address threats and outbreaks of arboviruses including Zika, dengue, chikungunya, and yellow fever. Hence there is a growing public health challenge to identify the best new control tools to use against the vectorAedes aegypti. In this study, we investigatedAe. aegyptisugar feeding strategies in Bamako, Mali, to determine if this species can be controlled effectively using attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSB).Methodology/Principal findingsWe determined the relative attraction ofAe. aegyptimales and females to a variety of sugar sources including flowers, fruits, seedpods, and honeydew in the laboratory and using plant-baited traps in the field. Next, we observed the rhythm of blood feeding versus sugar feeding activity ofAe. aegyptiin vegetation and in open areas. Finally, we studied the effectiveness of spraying vegetation with ATSB onAe. aegyptiin sugar rich (lush vegetation) and in sugar poor (sparse vegetation) urban environments.Male and female laboratory sugar feeding rates within 24 h, on 8 of 16 plants offered were over 80%. The survival rates of mosquitoes on several plant sources were nearly as long as that of controls maintained on sucrose solution. In the field, females were highly attracted to 11 of 20 sugar sources, and 8 of these were attractive to males. Peak periods of host attraction for blood-feeding and sugar feeding in open areas were nearly identical and occurred shortly after sunrise and around sunset. In shaded areas, the first sugar-seeking peak occurred between 11:30 and 12:30 while the second was from 16:30 to 17:30. In a 50-day field trial, ATSB significantly reduced mean numbers of landing / biting femaleAe. aegyptiin the two types of vegetation. At sugar poor sites, the mean pre-treatment catch of 20.51 females on day 14 was reduced 70-fold to 0.29 on day 50. At sugar rich sites, the mean pre-treatment catch of 32.46 females on day 14 was reduced 10-fold to a mean of 3.20 females on day 50.Conclusions/SignificanceThis is the first study to show how the vectorAe. aegyptidepends on environmental resources of sugar for feeding and survival. The demonstration thatAe. aegyptipopulations rapidly collapsed after ATSB treatment, in both sugar rich and sugar poor environments, is strong evidence thatAe. aegyptiis sugar-feeding frequently. Indeed, this study clearly demonstrates thatAe. aegyptimosquitoes depend on natural sugar resources, and a promising new method for vector control, ATSB, can be highly effective in the fight against Aedes-transmitted diseases.Author summaryAedes aegyptiare notoriously difficult to control since their ubiquitous man-made and natural breeding sites, in various geographical regions, include almost any receptacle that can hold water. These diurnal mosquitoes are anthropophilic, a preference that promotes their role as vectors of many arboviruses including Zika, dengue, chikungunya, and yellow fever. With the exception of yellow fever, there are no vaccines against any of these arboviruses so that use of personal protective measures and mosquito vector control are the only means of prevention. Disease burdens in most endemic areas are not sufficiently reduced by various integrated vector management (IVM) strategies, hence there is a need for new control tools to complement the common strategies. Control by Attractive Toxic Sugar Baits (ATSB) appears to be an ideal candidate for this purpose.The results of this study support this proposition. They demonstrate thatAe. aegyptiin their urban environments in Mali are attracted to and frequently feed on staple diet that includes a variety of flowers, fruits and seed pods. Therefore,Ae. aegyptiis a suitable candidate for control with ATSB. Moreover, the experiments with ATSB, in sparse vegetation or with competitor plant attractants in rich vegetation, demonstrated that ATSB treatment can cause a drastic reduction ofAe. aegyptipopulations.

scholarly journals Validation of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method with Diod Array Detection for the Quantification of Citral and Formulation of Insect Repellent Cream from Lemongrass Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Thanh Binh Nguyen ◽  
Bui Thanh Tung ◽  
Nguyen Thi Mai ◽  
Nguyen Thi Hue
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Insect Repellent ◽  
Mosquito Repellent ◽  
Repellent Effect ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Lemongrass Oil ◽  
Array Detection

Lemongrass oil derived from some species of grasses in the family of Poaceae (particularly Cymbopogon citratus) posses a highly effective insect repellent potential. In Vietnam, this product is widely commercially available but its quality is not strictly controlled. From a formulator's perspective, lemongrass essential oil is not suitable for direct application on the skin because high concentrations of citral, major chemical constituent of this oil, may cause local irritation. In addition, this compound is volatile, resulting in a short repellent effect. Contributing to solve these problems, a high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection was developed for the simultaneous quantification of neral and geranial, two geometric isomers of citral. This method was used to examine the quality of some lemongrass oil samples in order to choose material for the preparation of insect repellent cream. Experimental research demonstrated that the stability of the lemongrass oil cream containing 6% of citral was significantly improved when using β-cyclodextrin, a cyclic oligosaccharides capable of protecting substances by capturing them in conical structure. The obtained product showed insect repellent effect against banded sugar ant Camponotus consobrinus. This effect did not change after 6 months of storage in conventional conditions. Keywords Citral, high performance liquid chromatography, quantification, insect repellent cream, lemongrass oil. References [1] H.O. Lawal, G.O. Adewuyi, A.B. Fawehinmi, A.O. Adeogun, S.O. Etatuvie, Bioassay of herbal mosquito repellent formulated from the essential oil of plants, Journal of Natural Products. 5 (2012) 109-115. http://journalofnaturalproducts.com/Volume5/15_Res_paper-14.pdf.[2] New York State Integrated Pest Management Program, Lemongrass oil profile active ingredient eligible for minimum risk pesticide use. https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/56130/lemongrass-oil-MRP-NYSIPM.pdf, 2019 (accessed 5 November 2019).[3] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Citral CAS N°:5392-40-5. https://hpvchemicals.oecd.org/UI/handler.axd?id=0ea83202-3f4f-4355-be4f-27ff02e19cb9, 2001 (accessed 5 November 2019).[4] R. Arun, K.C.K. Ashok, V.V.N.S.S. Sravanthi, Cyclodextrins as drug carrier molecule: a review, Scientia Pharmaceutica 76 (2008) 567-598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.0808-05.[5] O.I. Adeniran, E. Fabiyi, A cream formulation of an effective mosquito repellent: a topical product from lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus) Stapf, Journal of Natural Product and Plant Resources, 2 (2012) 322-327. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/13bf/993de8f77462335ebc07365adb38e56e706f.pdf.[6] P. Borman, D. Elder, Q2(R1) Validation of analytical procedures: text and methodology, in: A. Teasdale, D. Elder, R.W. Nims (Eds), ICH quality guidelines: an implementation guide, John Wiley & Sons Inc., Hoboken, 2018, pp. 127-166.[7] S. Agrawal, N. Haldankar, A. Jadhav, Formulation of natural mosquito repellent, International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology 4 (2018) 11-17. https://www.ijariit.com/manuscripts/v4i1/V4I1-1143.pdf.[8] Vietnamese pharmacopoeia commission, Vietnamese pharmacopoeia V part 2, Medical Publishing House Co., Ltd, Ha Noi, 2018 (in Vietnamese).[9] M.A.B. Edris, A.S.Y. Mamat, M.S. Aslam, M.S. Ahmad, Insect repellent properties of Melaleuca alternifolia, Recent Advances in Biology and Medicine 2 (2016) 57-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18639/RABM.2016.02.293742.[10] R. Gaonkara, S. Yallappab, B.L. Dhananjayac, G. Hegde, Development and validation of reverse phase high performance liquidchromatography for citral analysis from essential oils, Journal of Chromatography B. 1036 (2016) 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.10.001.[11] D. Miron, F. Battisti, C.S.T. Caten, P. Mayorga, E.E.S. Schapoval, Spectrophotometric simultaneous determination of citral isomers in cyclodextrin complexes with partial least squares supported approach, Current Pharmaceutical Analysis 8 (2012) 401-408. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157341212803341735.[12] L. Huber, Validation and qualification in analytical laboratories, Informa Healthcare USA Inc., New York, 2007.[13] N.D. Wilson, M.S. Ivanova, R.A. Watt, A.C. Moffat, The quantification of citral in lemongrass and lemon oils by near‐infrared spectroscopy, Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 54 (2002) 1257-1263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/002235702320402107.[14] N. Dudai, O. Larkov, E. Lewinsohn, Simple colorimetric measurement of citral in lemon scented essential oils using Schiff’s reagent, Future for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 26 (2004) 499-504. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.629.64.  

Bionomic of Anopheles sp. in Merauke District, Papua

SCISCITATIO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Djoko Rahardjo ◽  
Vinsa Cantya Prakasita ◽  
Marlen Aviati Sarah Pepiana
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Feeding Habit ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Insect Repellent ◽  
Mosquito Repellent ◽  
Mosquito Nets ◽  
Community Behavior ◽  
Habitual Behavior

Malaria is known as an endemic disease that often causes death in Indonesia, especially in Papua. The malaria cases control in Papua has not been carried on based on data studies, therefore bionomic of Anopheles sp is important to be studied. Bionomics data are consisted of breeding places, resting places and feeding habits are from direct observation. Interviews and questionnaires were conducted to gain information about respondent behavior. Descriptive and qualitative data were then analyzed. The breeding places of Anopheles sp. were mostly found in swampy areas. Based on the feeding habit, the feeding activity of Anopheles sp. inside the house has only one biting peak at 23.00-02.00 WIT, while outside the house, biting peaks occurred at 21.00-22.00 WIT and 00.00-01.00 WIT. Resting place data shown that Anopheles sp. mostly found in piles of clothes and shoe racks. Recorded factors that affect mosquitos bionomics are temperature, humidity, salinity, pH, community behavior, and the presence of livestock. Environmental factors (temperature, humidity, salinity, and pH), habitual behavior of host (3M action, the habit of using insect repellent, mosquito repellent, and mosquito nets), the presence of livestock, and the type of bait blood type affect mosquito activity.

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