Maternal-care behaviour in Adomerus variegatus (Hemiptera: Cydnidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromi Mukai ◽  
Mantaro Hironaka ◽  
Narumi Baba ◽  
Takao Yanagi ◽  
Koichi Inadomi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Care ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
First Report ◽  
Trophic Eggs ◽  
Nest Provisioning ◽  
Provisioning Behaviour

AbstractSubsociality involving provisioning for offspring has been reported for one shield bug and three burrower bug species (Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea: Parastrachiidae and Cydnidae: Sehirinae). We present the first report of subsocial behaviour in the burrower bug Adomerus variegatus (Signoret), focusing on manifestations of maternal care, specifically the production of trophic eggs, guarding of offspring, and progressive provisioning. In our study, each female produced an egg mass that included some trophic eggs. Prior to nymphal hatch, females remained in their nests and showed egg mass guarding behaviour. Mothers started provisioning behaviour a few hours after nymphal hatch. Each mother dragged a seed (larger than her body) with her proboscis to the nest as food for the nymphs. These findings suggest that A. variegatus shows maternal-care behaviours similar to those reported in some other pentatomoid species and that trophic egg production and nest provisioning have evolved as interrelated processes.

Probiotics in the diets of laying quails

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
O. Merzlyakova ◽  
V. Rogachyev ◽  
V. Chegodaev
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
The Cost

The efficiency of introducing probiotics based on strains of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and their consortium in the amount of 150 g/t of feed into the diets of laying quails has been studied. The experiment lasting 182 days has been carried out on four groups of quails with 30 heads in each. The quails have been housed in the broiler battery in compliance with the required microclimate conditions. Quails of all groups have been received the main diet (compound feed) developed taking into account their age and physiological characteristics. The quails of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups in addition to the main diet received probiotics (150 g/t compound feed) based on strains Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and their consortium, respectively. It has been found that feeding the laying quails of the consortium of strains Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis had the most significant positive impact on their productive performance, it allowed to increase egg production by 7,81 %, egg laying intensity by 5,0 %, egg mass yield by 9,77 %, while reducing feed expenditures for 10 eggs by 13,35 %. The yield of hatching eggs has been increased by 7,03 %, hatchability of chickens from laid and fertilized eggs by 8,33 and 8,35 %, brooding waste decreased by 21,74 %. Hematological parameters of quails during the whole experiment were within the physiological norm. The economic effect calculated on the basis of data on the cost of compound feed, probiotics and the cost of sold eggs of quail laying was 14,56 % in the 3rd experimental group (in relation to the control group).

scholarly journals Metabolizable energy levels for semi-heavy laying hens at the second production cycle

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-862
Author(s):  
Fernando Guilherme Perazzo Costa ◽  
Janaine Sena da Costa ◽  
Cláudia de Castro Goulart ◽  
Denise Fontana Figueiredo-Lima ◽  
Raul da Cunha Lima Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Feed Conversion

This study was carried out to evaluate the energy levels in the diet to obtain better performance rates and quality of eggs from laying hens in the second production cycle. One hundred and eighty Bovans Goldline laying hens with 62 weeks of age were used during four 28-day periods. A completely randomized experimental design was used with four metabolizable energy levels (2,650, 2,725, 2,800, 2,875 and 2,950 kcal/kg), each with six replicates of six birds. The energy level of diet did not affect the weight of the egg, yolk, albumen and eggshell, the percentages of yolk, albumen and eggshell, yolk color and egg specific gravity. Feed intake, egg production, egg mass and feed conversion per egg mass and per dozen eggs increased significantly with increasing levels of metabolizable energy. Feed intake decreased linearly as the energy level in the diet increased. The metabolizable energy levels showed a quadratic effect on egg production, egg mass and feed conversion per egg mass and per dozen eggs. The metabolizable energy level of 2,830 kcal/kg was the most appropriate to promote better performance and quality of eggs from laying hens in the second production cycle.

Supplementation of a low protein diet in an attempt to optimize egg mass output

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Summers ◽  
J. L. Atkinson ◽  
D. Spratt
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Low Protein

Pullets were brought into production on a low-protein corn, soybean meal diet to which various nutrients including essential amino acids, choline, corn oil and feathermeal were supplemented. Production commenced between 18 and 20 wk of age and up to at least 60% production, hens fed the low protein diets (10% CP) produced at least as many eggs and as great an egg mass as these given a 17% protein corn, soybean meal control diet. Pullets fed the corn, soybean meal test diets, peaked at around 80% as compared to slightly over 90% for the control. Egg production immediately fell for birds fed the test diets to around 70% for most of the test treatments. Body weight remained constant or fell after peak production for birds fed the test diets as compared to a normal increase for birds on the control diet. Egg size increased for the test diets at a rate which was comparable to that of the control birds. In a second experiment, with older hens, supplementation of the 10% protein test diet with methionine, lysine, arginine and tryptophan, resulted in intakes of these amino acids which met NRC minimum requirement levels. However, egg mass output was reduced approximately 11% compared to the 17% protein control diet. While intakes of several essential amino acids fell below requirement levels, the degree that valine was calculated to be deficient in both experiments corresponded closely with the reduction in egg mass output of hens fed the test as compared to the control diet. Key words: Lysine, methionine, egg weight, body weight, hens.

scholarly journals SAPU-SAPU FISH (Hyposarcus pardalis) AS A SINGLE PROTEIN SOURCE FOR LAYING MOJOSARI DUCKS

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Indarsih ◽  
A. Asnawi ◽  
D. K. Purnamasari
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Egg Number ◽  
Single Protein

The present study was conducted to evaluate the optimum level of dietary inclusion and the form of feeding sapu-sapu fish (SSF) as a single protein source for feed components of small holder Mojosari duck farming. A total of 180 twenty four wk-old laying ducks were fed with two forms (sun-dried and ground-fresh) and three levels of SSF (10, 20 and 30%) from 24 to 32 wk of age. Experimental diets were formulated containing 105.1; 141.5 and 177.9 g/kg crude protein and 3078; 3065 and 3052 kcal metabolizable energy (ME) /kg diet. Production performance and egg quality were measured. The form of SSF had a significant effect (P<0.0001) on feed intake, egg production, feed conversion, egg mass and egg number except final body weight. No significant effects (P>0.05) were found on all of the performance parameters measured due to feeding levels of SSF except feed intake and final body weight. The interaction of form and feeding level was significant (P<0.05) on egg and body weights. Low performance and egg quality were observed in the birds fed a diet containing the dried SSF. It can be suggested that local ducks required 20% SSF as a single protein source for maximum egg production (41.2%) and total egg number per wk (3.1 eggs/bird/wk) during 8 wk of rearing period. Egg quality can be improved by feeding the fresh SSF. However, due to be sufficiently better processing technique, the dried SSF would be potential to replace the common fish for laying ducks.

scholarly journals Dietary Germinated Paddy Rice and Stocking Density Affect Egg Performance, Serum Biochemical Properties, and Proteomic and Transcriptomic Response of Laying Hens Exposed to Chronic Heat Stress

Proteomes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Tossaporn Incharoen ◽  
Sittiruk Roytrakul ◽  
Wirot Likittrakulwong
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Paddy Rice ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Transcriptomic Response

Germinated paddy rice (GPR) could be a good alternative feed source for poultry with stocking density and heat stress problems. A total of 72 Hy-line Brown laying hens raised under low (LSD, 0.12 m2/bird) and high stocking densities (HSD, 0.06 m2/bird) were investigated. Three dietary GPR levels (0, 74 and 148 g/kg) were used. It was found that average daily feed intake, hen-day egg production, and egg mass significantly decreased in the HSD group. The levels of serum glucose (GLU), phosphorous (P), corticosterone (CORT), total Ig, lysozyme (LZY), and superoxide dismutase activities (SOD) in the HSD group were higher than those in the LSD group. Dietary GPR significantly affected GLU, P, alternative complement haemolytic 50 (ACH50), total Ig, and LZY. Moreover, CORT level significantly decreased in 74 and 148 g/kg dietary GPR groups, whereas SOD significantly increased only in the 148 g/kg dietary GPR group. Serum samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and 8607 proteins were identified. Proteome analysis revealed 19 proteins which were enriched in different stocking densities and dietary GPR levels. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR technique was successfully used to verify the differentiated abundant protein profile changes. The proteins identified in this study could serve as appropriate biomarkers.

scholarly journals A production trial with layers of four hybrids under different environmental conditions in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-210
Author(s):  
H. Appelman ◽  
B.J. Bonhof
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Eastern Province ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Food Consumed

161 Australorp X Rhode Island Red (RIR) X New Hampshire (NH) and 166 White Leghorn (WL) imported fowls were kept in insulated housing; 161 Australorp X RIR X NH, 166 WL, 154 RIR X WL and 148 RIR X NH X RIR fowls were kept in open houses. In the 6 groups resp., live weight at 126 days of age averaged 1602, 1227, 1578, 1234, 1397 and 1539 g, food consumption 4.02, 4.49, 4.03, 4.47, 4.25 and 4.17 kg/kg gain, overall laying percentage 56.6, 56.4, 52.5, 53.4, 55.0 and 37.5, egg production/hen 202, 201, 188, 191, 196 and 134, and egg weight 56.3, 56.3, 55.0, 55.8, 55.0 and 57.5 g. Egg mass averaged 1335, 1323, 1191, 1151, 1126 and 796 kg and food consumed/kg eggs produced 3.68, 3.53, 3.71, 3.25, 3.37 and 4.74 kg. Live weight at 16 mth of age averaged 2894, 2040, 2665, 1874, 2132 and 2517 g, and mortality 12.8, 11.1, 33.6, 43.5, 52.8 and 50.4%. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Association of polymorphisms in the promoter region of turkey prolactin with egg performance

Genetika ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 591-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrangiz Fathi ◽  
Ghorban Elyasi-Zarringhobaie
Keyword(s):  
Promoter Region ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Breeding Center ◽  
Egg Performance ◽  
East Azerbaijan ◽  
Prolactin Promoter

The induction and regulation of broodiness is of the most important role of prolactin in avian species. In this study, the association between prolactin promoter region alleles and reproductive traits in Fars native turkey was investigated. These traits consisted of mean egg weight (MEW), number of egg (EN) and egg mass, during the first laying period. In total, 115 laying turkeys, randomly selected from the flock of the Breeding Center for Fars Native turkey, and DNA was purificated from blood samples, 231 bp of prolactin promoter region was amplified and Genotype of Samples was determinate by PCR-SSCP technique were genotyped. Two alleles D and I were identified. Based on the results obtained, the frequency of D and I alleles were 0.67 and 0.33, respectively. Frequencies of DD, II and ID genotypes were 0.385, 0.044 and 0.571, respectively. The association analysis between the polymorphism PRL gene promoter region and egg performance was carried out. Significant relationship was found between genotypes with egg production (P<0.01). Individuals with II genotype produced higher egg production than DD and ID genotype. The results of current study showed that using information of genes related to egg production could be used to improve the performance of native turkey of East Azerbaijan province.

scholarly journals Effects of a short laying rest on postrest egg production and egg quality

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 437-445
Author(s):  
Tuomo Kiiskinen ◽  
Hilkka Hakatie
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Production Period

Two factorial trials, each including three commercial laying hybrids, were conducted to study the effects of a short laying rest on postrest performance of hens and on egg quality. A total of 1800 hens laying at 65% on an average (70 wks of age) were subjected to one of the following treatments: no rest (control, C) or feeding only whole-grain barley (WB) or fasting (F, Trial 1 only) until the rate oflay dropped to 0%, after which the birds were returned to the previous all-mash diet. The second laying period was six months. Egg production of the WB and F hens ceased within one week on an average and the birds were out of production for 10 days. Laying intensity during the second production period did not differ significantly between the treatments in each trial, but egg weight and daily egg mass production increased as a result of the rest treatments. The laying rest procedures reduced feed intake, improved feed efficiency and increased live weight significantly. Egg shell and albumen quality traits were significantly better in the laying rest groups than in the controls. Significant differences in performance and egg quality between the hybrids were mainly ascertained in Trial 2. The results suggest that a short laying rest is a feasible means of improving egg quality towards the end of the laying period. It can be accomplished successfully by feeding whole-grain barley.

scholarly journals Effect of replacement different levels of sesame meal as a protein source to replace soybean meal on the productive performance and reproductive of laying quail: تأثير استبدال مستويات مختلفة من كسبة السمسم كمصدر بروتيني محل كسبة فول الصويا على الأداء الإنتاجي والتناسلي لطائر السمان البياض

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-58
Author(s):  
Duraid Thonnon Younis, Khalid Hadi Mustafa Al-Sofee Duraid Thonnon Younis, Khalid Hadi Mustafa Al-Sofee
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Sesame Meal ◽  
Laying Quail ◽  
Different Levels

The study was conducted in the poultry field in the Animal Production Department/ College of Agriculture and Forestry/ University of Mosul, for the period from 18/ 2/ 2020 until 13/ 4/ 2020. The experiment aimed to study the effect of replacement different levels of sesame meal (SSM) as a protein source to replace soybean meal (SBM) on the productive performance and reproductive of laying quail, 360 quail birds (240 females and 120 males) were used, at the age of 49 days, distributed randomly into five treatments, each treatment with eight replicates, ( 9 birds in each replicate 6 females and 3 males). The treatments were as follows: the first was the control (0% SSM), the second, third, fourth, and the fifth replaced SSM by SBM with level (25, 50, 75 and 100%) respectively, feed and water was ad libitum during the trial period of 8 weeks. The results of the statistical analysis showed there is a significant statistical difference at a level (P≤0.05) in the fifth treatment (100% SSM) as compared to control and other treatments in total egg number, average egg weight, total egg mass, Hen day egg production percentage (% HD), feed intake, feed conversion ratio, fertility, and hatching percentage of total eggs, average weight of hatched chicks, and a significant increase in the embryo mortality. The results also showed a significant decrease at a level (P≤0.05) in the feed intake for the fourth treatment (75% SSM) compared to the control, while no significant differences were observed for the other treatments in all the studied traits. The results of this study showed the possibility of using sesame meal as a protein source at (75%) to replace soybean meal in laying quail bird diets.

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