Relative attractiveness of colour traps to pear psylla in relation to seasonal changes in pear phenology

2010 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.R. Cooper ◽  
G.J. Puterka ◽  
D.M. Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Proactive Management ◽  
Pear Psylla ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Yellow Traps ◽  
Relative Attractiveness ◽  
Gender Based

AbstractMonitoring of pear psylla (Cacopsylla pyricola (Förster), Hemiptera: Psyllidae) prior to spring bud break could aid in predicting the size of subsequent spring populations and lead to improved proactive management decisions. Yellow traps are commonly used to monitor hemipteran pests including pear psylla, but very little is known regarding seasonal changes in attractiveness of yellow traps or relative attractiveness of colours other than yellow. This study presents seasonal colour-trap preferences of pear psyllas based on pear (Pyrus communis L., Rosaceae) phenological stages in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States of America. Black, blue, brown, clear (colourless), green, orange, red, white, and yellow traps were assayed against wild adult psylla populations over a 2-year period. Pear psyllas had a strong preference for yellow and orange when green leaves were present; however, we found no statistically significant difference between traps of different colours prior to spring bud break. Significantly more female psyllas were caught overall, but there was no gender-based colour bias. None of our colour traps caught significantly fewer psyllas than did clear (background hue) traps, suggesting that no traps were repellent.

scholarly journals A Retrospective Analysis of Gender-Based Difference in Adherence to Initial Colon Cancer Screening Recommendations

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 215013272093132
Author(s):  
Jose Raul Valery ◽  
Andres Applewhite ◽  
Alyssa Manaois ◽  
John Dimuna ◽  
Taimur Sher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
The United States ◽  
Colon Cancer Screening ◽  
Crc Screening ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Gender Based

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, despite being largely preventable and treatable. Improving overall screening rates among both men and women is considered an important and effective strategy toward reducing morbidity and mortality from CRC. In order to optimize screening strategies, factors associated with decreased compliance need to be understood. This study aimed to compare initial CRC screening rates between males and females in a population of patients who presented for an annual physical examination. Methods: A retrospective chart review study of 380 patients designed to compare rates of initial CRC screening between males and females was conducted. Patients who were seen at our institution for an annual physical examination and were between 51 and 60 years of age were included. Results: There was no evidence of a difference in the rate of initial colon cancer screening between females (83.0%) and males (80.9%) in either unadjusted analysis (odds ratio = 1.16, P = .59) or in multivariable analysis adjusting for potential confounding variables (odds ratio = 1.16, P = .61). Conclusions: There was no significant difference in the rate of initial CRC screening between males and females who presented for an annual physical examination. This suggests that designing interventions to improve screening specific to gender may not be needed in a population of patients who attend routine preventive health examinations. Further study is needed in the general population to examine for gender-based differences in initial CRC screening among patients who do not regularly follow up for preventive examinations.

Gender-Based Differences in Hemostatic Responses. Implications in Effective Anticoagulant Management.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 2103-2103
Author(s):  
Omer Iqbal ◽  
Nasir Sadeghi ◽  
Fadi Bakhos ◽  
Debra Hoppensteadt ◽  
Jawed Fareed
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
The United States ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Anticoagulant Drugs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Gender Based

Abstract Abstract 2103 Poster Board II-80 Abstract: Recent reports from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute indicate that as many as 3 million women (particularly young) in the United States suffer from a form of heart disease fundamentally different from that in men, characterized by more even plaque development inside major and smaller blood vessels, posing diagnostic and treatment challenges leading to increased morbidity and mortality. It is hypothesized that women have variable but attenuated hemostatic responses to anticoagulant drugs when compared to men. In order to validate this hypothesis the hemostatic responses in healthy males (n=10) and females (n=10) were evaluated by performing the global clotting assays, fibrinokinetic assays and thrombin generation assays in the presence of Rivaroxaban, an oral Factor Xa inhibitor likely to replace warfarin, Enoxaparin, a low molecular weight heparin and saline as a control. Blood (20 ml) was drawn from healthy volunteers, males (n=10) and females (n=10) and placed into citrated tubes with one part of 3.2% sodium citrate to 9 parts of blood. The citrated whole blood was supplemented with Rivaroxaban (FC=0.3mg/ml), Enoxaparin (FC=5mg/ml) and saline as a control. The samples were analyzed to determine the whole blood APTT and Heptest clotting assays. The remaining citrated blood was centrifuged at 3000 rpm to obtain platelet poor plasma that was aliquoted and kept frozen at -70°C until further analysis. The plasma was then thawed and supplemented with saline, rivaroxaban (FC=0.3mg/ml) and Enoxaparin (FC=5mg/ml). A statistically significant difference between males and females was noted in APTT (p=0.0442)) and Heptest (p=0.0345) assays in the saline control values. However, the anticoagulant response to supplementation of the plasma samples with rivaroxaban at a final concentration of 0.3ug/ml and Enoxaparin at 5 ug/ml showed a statistically significant difference between males and females in the Heptest (P=0.0423) while the APTT assay felt a little short of statistical significance (P=0.0511). Fibrinokinetics was performed and absorbance recorded (405 nm) at every minute for the next 30 minutes. There are gender-based differences in fibrinokinetic responses to anticoagulant drugs with females showing faster fibrin formation than males. The attenuated hemostatic responses observed in women compared to men may interfere in achieving adequate and effective anticoagulation leading to thrombotic complications. Time (min) 0 30 Gender Male ODs Female ODs Male - ODs Female - ODs Male - ODs Female - ODs Saline control 0.857±0.31 0.611±0.22 1.367±0.28 1.214±0.28 1.377±0.26 1.24±0.28 Rivaroxaban (0.3ug/ml) 0.853±0.32 0.602±0.21 1.353±0.27 1.221±0.18 1.363±0.27 1.23±0.18 Enoxaparin (5ug/ml) 0.713±0.35 0.507±0.24 0.794±0.33 0.621±0.23 0.802±0.33 0.629±0.23 Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Financial Inclusion, Saving and Borrowing Behaviors in the United Arab Emirates and the United States: A Comparative Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Niankara ◽  
Riham Muqattash
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Bivariate Model ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Saving Decisions ◽  
The Impact

This paper highlights the impact of financial inclusion on individuals’ borrowing and saving decisions in the United States and the United Arab Emirates. It does so, using data from the 2014 Global Financial Inclusion database, and an empirical strategy consisting of first testing the significance of the joint bivariate model over its binary conterparts using the Lagrange multiplier test, followed by a contrast between the fully-parametric and semi-parametric specifications of the saving and borrowing equations. Based on model performance measures, the semi-parametric bivariate probit specification is identified as a better framework for describing the two processes of saving and borrowing, with a correlation coefficient of 12.3%. Although no significant difference exists between UAE and US residents in borrowing behavior, we find that US residents are 31.4% more likely to save than their UAE counterparts. In addition, and in line with the Permanent Income Hypothesis, the results reveal the absence of an income based saving or borrowing gradient in the two countries. Conversely, we found the prevalence of a gender based saving (12.4%) and borrowing (13.8%) inequality in favor of the male gender. Furthermore, access to a bank account and a debit card, companies policy of direct wage and salary transfer, and government transfer programs with direct deposit options are all financial inclusion strategies that are found to significantly raise the likelihood of saving and borrowing. As such, companies with payroll practices based on cash or physical paycheck issuing, especially in the US, should revise such policy to create more financial inclusion, and thereby more saving potential which in turn would contribute to further borrowing, investment and growth of the national economy.

scholarly journals Protective Effectiveness of Long-Lasting Permethrin Impregnated Clothing Against Tick Bites in an Endemic Lyme Disease Setting: A Randomized Control Trial Among Outdoor Workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1532-1538
Author(s):  
Cedar Mitchell ◽  
Megan Dyer ◽  
Feng-Chang Lin ◽  
Natalie Bowman ◽  
Thomas Mather ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
The United States ◽  
Amblyomma Americanum ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tick Bites ◽  
Outdoor Workers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Protective Effectiveness

Abstract Tick-borne diseases are a growing threat to public health in the United States, especially among outdoor workers who experience high occupational exposure to ticks. Long-lasting permethrin-impregnated clothing has demonstrated high initial protection against bites from blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae), in laboratory settings, and sustained protection against bites from the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae), in field tests. However, long-lasting permethrin impregnation of clothing has not been field tested among outdoor workers who are frequently exposed to blacklegged ticks. We conducted a 2-yr randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial among 82 outdoor workers in Rhode Island and southern Massachusetts. Participants in the treatment arm wore factory-impregnated permethrin clothing, and the control group wore sham-treated clothing. Outdoor working hours, tick encounters, and bites were recorded weekly to assess protective effectiveness of long-lasting permethrin-impregnated garments. Factory-impregnated clothing significantly reduced tick bites by 65% in the first study year and by 50% in the second year for a 2-yr protective effect of 58%. No significant difference in other tick bite prevention method utilization occurred between treatment and control groups, and no treatment-related adverse outcomes were reported. Factory permethrin impregnation of clothing is safe and effective for the prevention of tick bites among outdoor workers whose primary exposure is to blacklegged ticks in the northeastern United States.

scholarly journals Testing telediagnostic thyroid ultrasound in Peru: a new horizon in expanding access to imaging in rural and underserved areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Marini ◽  
S. L. Weiss ◽  
A. Gupta ◽  
Y. T. Zhao ◽  
T. M. Baran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Thyroid Ultrasound ◽  
Target Region ◽  
Experienced Radiologist ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Size Evaluation

Abstract Purpose Thyroid ultrasound is a key tool in the evaluation of the thyroid, but billions of people around the world lack access to ultrasound imaging. In this study, we tested an asynchronous telediagnostic ultrasound system operated by individuals without prior ultrasound training which may be used to effectively evaluate the thyroid and improve access to imaging worldwide. Methods The telediagnostic system in this study utilizes volume sweep imaging (VSI), an imaging technique in which the operator scans the target region with simple sweeps of the ultrasound probe based on external body landmarks. Sweeps are recorded and saved as video clips for later interpretation by an expert. Two operators without prior ultrasound experience underwent 8 h of training on the thyroid VSI protocol and the operation of the telemedicine platform. After training, the operators scanned patients at a health center in Lima. Telediagnostic examinations were sent to the United States for remote interpretation. Standard of care thyroid ultrasound was performed by an experienced radiologist at the time of VSI examination to serve as a reference standard. Results Novice operators scanned 121 subjects with the thyroid VSI protocol. Of these exams, 88% were rated of excellent image quality showing complete or near complete thyroid visualization. There was 98.3% agreement on thyroid nodule presence between VSI teleultrasound and standard of care ultrasound (Cohen’s kappa 0.91, P < 0.0001). VSI measured the thyroid size, on average, within 5 mm compared to standard of care. Readers of VSI were also able to effectively characterize thyroid nodules, and there was no significant difference in measurement of thyroid nodule size (P = 0.74) between VSI and standard of care. Conclusion Thyroid VSI telediagnostic ultrasound demonstrated both excellent visualization of the thyroid gland and agreement with standard of care thyroid ultrasound for nodules and thyroid size evaluation. This system could be deployed for evaluation of palpable thyroid abnormalities, nodule follow-up, and epidemiological studies to promote global health and improve the availability of diagnostic imaging in underserved communities.

scholarly journals Assessing Diazinon Pollution in the Three Major Rivers Flowing into the Caspian Sea (Iran)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Reza Dahmardeh Behrooz ◽  
Abbas Esmaili-sari ◽  
Magdalena Urbaniak ◽  
Paromita Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Haraz River ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medium Risk

The aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal and spatial variations in the concentrations of a widely used organophosphorous pesticide (OPP), diazinon, and the associated risk posed by this OPP in the surface water from the three largest rivers located in the northern province of Iran: the Haraz, the Talar and the Babolrood rivers. These rivers are located in the agriculture province of Mazandaran, and are exposed to high doses of organophosphorus pesticides, especially diazinon. The concentration of diazinon was determined using gas chromatography, while the potential risk posed by diazinon was elucidated using a Risk Quotient (RQ) calculated for general (RQm) and worst-case (RQex) scenarios. The obtained results demonstrated that the average diazinon concentrations ranged from 41 ± 76 ng/L in the Talar River and 57 ± 116 ng/L in the Haraz River, to 76.5 ± 145 ng/L in the Babolrood River, with a significant difference noted between summer and autumn seasons for all three rivers. For some stations, the concentration of diazinon is higher than the standard guidelines of Australian/New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality (FMWQ) and the United States Criteria Maximum Concentration (CMC). The calculated RQs indicated a medium risk of diazinon, RQm = 0.73 and RQex = 2.27, in the Talar River; RQm = 1.02 and RQex = 2.49 in the Haraz River; and RQm = 1.35 and RQex = 4.54 in the Babolrood River. The overall exposure of diazinon was defined to have a high risk (RQm and RQex > 1); however, the summer sampling revealed a high risk (RQm and RQex > 1), while the autumn had a medium risk (RQm and RQex < 1). The obtained results revealed not only elevated concentrations of diazinon in the studied rivers but most importantly the high risk posed by this OPP for the aquatic organisms and the wellbeing of the whole river ecosystem. The current study showed that development and implementation of appropriate standards and regulations toward diazinon in countries such as Iran are required to reduce the pollution levels and risks related to elevated concentrations of the studied pesticide.

scholarly journals Ampicillin-Ceftriaxone vs Ampicillin-Gentamicin for Definitive Therapy of Enterococcus faecalis Infective Endocarditis: A Propensity Score–Matched, Retrospective Cohort Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niyati H Shah ◽  
Kathleen A Shutt ◽  
Yohei Doi
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Hospital Readmissions ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
The United States ◽  
Aminoglycoside Resistance ◽  
Definitive Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Ampicillin-ceftriaxone (AC) has emerged as an alternative antibiotic regimen for enterococcal infective endocarditis (EIE) with reduced toxicity compared with ampicillin-gentamicin (AG), but evidence regarding its success in reducing EIE-associated death in the United States is limited. Methods We conducted a retrospective, propensity score–matched cohort analysis of EIE patients treated with AC or AG between 2010 and 2017 at 3 hospitals in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. We assessed all-cause 90-day mortality as the primary outcome and in-hospital mortality, length of hospital stay, hospital readmissions, adverse events, and relapse of bacteremia as the secondary outcomes. Results A total of 190 patients with EIE (100 treated with AC and 90 with AG) were included. Ninety-day mortality was significantly higher with AC than AG (21% vs 8%; P = .02). After propensity score matching, 56 patients in each group remained for the outcomes analysis. Documented aminoglycoside resistance, presence of annular or aortic abscess, and complete pacemaker removal were the significantly different variables between the 2 matched cohorts. We observed no statistically significant difference in 90-day mortality between the 2 treatment groups (11% vs 7%; P = .55). Adverse events were more common in patients treated with AG (25 vs 39; P = .0091), and more patients in the propensity score–matched AG cohort switched antibiotic regimens than in the AC group (10% vs 49%; P &lt; .0001). Conclusions Patients treated with AC demonstrate no significant differences in mortality, treatment failure, or bacteremia relapse compared with AG in a propensity score–matched EIE cohort.

scholarly journals Chronic liver disease not a significant comorbid condition for COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiahao Lin ◽  
Bingting Bao ◽  
Nigar Anjuman Khurram ◽  
Kasey Halsey ◽  
Ji Whae Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Critical Groups ◽  
Comorbid Condition ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractTo explore the role of chronic liver disease (CLD) in COVID-19. A total of 1439 consecutively hospitalized patients with COVID-19 from one large medical center in the United States from March 16, 2020 to April 23, 2020 were retrospectively identified. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared between patients with and without CLD. Postmortem examination of liver in 8 critically ill COVID-19 patients was performed. There was no significant difference in the incidence of CLD between critical and non-critical groups (4.1% vs 2.9%, p = 0.259), or COVID-19 related liver injury between patients with and without CLD (65.7% vs 49.7%, p = 0.065). Postmortem examination of liver demonstrated mild liver injury associated central vein outflow obstruction and minimal to moderate portal lymphocytic infiltrate without evidence of CLD. Patients with CLD were not associated with a higher risk of liver injury or critical/fatal outcomes. CLD was not a significant comorbid condition for COVID-19.

scholarly journals Does Classroom Separation Affect Twins' Reading Ability in the Early Years of School?

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Coventry ◽  
Brian Byrne ◽  
Marreta Coleman ◽  
Richard K. Olson ◽  
Robin Corley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Literacy ◽  
Disruptive Behavior ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
School Based ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Twin Children

AbstractIn this article we report on reading ability of twin children in kindergarten to Grade 2 as a function of whether members of the pairs are assigned to the same or different classrooms. All analyses were run using mixed model regressions to account for the interdependence between twin pairs. The samples, total N = 1505, are from Australia and the United States. We found a close-to-significant difference in favor of same-class children in kindergarten and Grade 1. However, when results were adjusted to take account of pre-existing differences in disruptive behavior and in preliteracy ability, the class assignment effects disappeared. We suggest that these pre-existing differences, particularly disruptive behavior, are influencing decisions about whether to separate twins or not and also affecting early reading performance, a conclusion supported by significant correlations between the behavioral measures, preliteracy, and school-based reading. We conclude that, on average, early literacy in twins is not directly affected by their assignment to the same or different classrooms.

Ambient light intensity and direction determine relative attractiveness of yellow traps toRhagoletis indifferens(Diptera: Tephritidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 147 (6) ◽  
pp. 776-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.L. Yee
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Ambient Light ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Yellow Traps ◽  
Relative Attractiveness ◽  
Variable Light ◽  
Sunlight Intensity ◽  
Trap Placement ◽  
Tephritid Fruit Flies

AbstractUnderstanding factors that influence attraction of tephritid fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) to objects can lead to development of more sensitive traps for fly detection. Here, the objective was to determine if differences in attractiveness between two sticky yellow rectangle traps to western cherry fruit fly,Rhagoletis indifferensCurran, depend on ambient light intensity and direction. The translucent plastic Yellow Sticky Strip (YSS) was compared with the less translucent yellow cardboard Alpha Scents (AS). Flies were released inside a box or cage opposite a trap or traps illuminated from outside at different intensities to generate variable light passage. Regardless of type, the trap with greatest light passage was most attractive. When the same light intensity was shone on both traps, the YSS, which allowed greater light passage, was more attractive than the AS. When the light was inside a cage and shone onto the two traps in the same direction as approaching flies, the AS reflected more light and was more attractive. A field experiment generally supported light passage effects seen in the laboratory. Results suggest trap placement with respect to sunlight intensity and direction affects light passage and the attractiveness of yellow traps toR. indifferens.

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