Suitability of Acer saccharum and Acer pensylvanicum (Aceraceae) for rearing Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 751-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann E. Hajek ◽  
David M. Kalb
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Anoplophora Glabripennis ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Longhorned Beetles ◽  
Early Fall

AbstractStriped maple (Acer pensylvanicum L.) was compared with sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) for use in rearing Asian longhorned beetles (Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)). Adult females lived longer when caged with twigs and small bolts harvested from A. pensylvanicum during late spring through early fall than with material from A. saccharum collected at the same time. Females had a shorter life-span when fed plant material from either tree species harvested from late fall through winter than with plant material from A. pensylvanicum harvested from late spring through early fall. Female A. glabripennis laid more viable eggs when provided with A. pensylvanicum rather than A. saccharum. Regardless of which of these two tree species females had experienced previously, they always chose to lay more eggs in A. pensylvanicum than in A. saccharum. Rearing A. glabripennis on A. pensylvanicum is therefore more efficient, especially when twigs and wood collected from late spring through early fall are used.

scholarly journals Three sympatrically occurring species of Metarhizium show plant rhizosphere specificity

Microbiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 157 (10) ◽  
pp. 2904-2911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wyrebek ◽  
Cristina Huber ◽  
Ramanpreet Kaur Sasan ◽  
Michael J. Bidochka
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Root Exudate ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Metarhizium Robertsii ◽  
Grass Roots

Here we tested the hypothesis that species of the soil-inhabiting insect-pathogenic fungus Metarhizium are not randomly distributed in soils but show plant-rhizosphere-specific associations. We isolated Metarhizium from plant roots at two sites in Ontario, Canada, sequenced the 5′ EF-1α gene to discern Metarhizium species, and developed an RFLP test for rapid species identification. Results indicated a non-random association of three Metarhizium species (Metarhizium robertsii, Metarhizium brunneum and Metarhizium guizhouense) with the rhizosphere of certain types of plant species (identified to species and categorized as grasses, wildflowers, shrubs and trees). M. robertsii was the only species that was found associated with grass roots, suggesting a possible exclusion of M. brunneum and M. guizhouense. Supporting this, in vitro experiments showed that M. robertsii conidia germinated significantly better in Panicum virgatum (switchgrass) root exudate than did M. brunneum or M. guizhouense. M. guizhouense and M. brunneum only associated with wildflower rhizosphere when co-occurring with M. robertsii. With the exception of these co-occurrences, M. guizhouense was found to associate exclusively with the rhizosphere of tree species, predominantly Acer saccharum (sugar maple), while M. brunneum was found to associate exclusively with the rhizosphere of shrubs and trees. These associations demonstrate that different species of Metarhizium associate with specific plant types.

Winter foraging by individual porcupines

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2425-2428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uldis Roze
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Food Choice ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Foraging Area ◽  
Winter Foraging ◽  
Study Population

Winter feeding of individual porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum L.) was studied in the northern Catskill Mountains of New York by following individual feeding trails in the snow. The study population as a whole fed primarily on beech (Fagus grandifolia) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and less frequently on eight other tree species. Individual porcupines limited their feeding to one or two species. An individual's primary food choice corresponded to the numerically most abundant tree species in its foraging area; its secondary food choice could not be related to relative density nor to relative basal area.

A beech bark disease induced change in tree species composition influences forest floor acid–base chemistry

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 875-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Arthur ◽  
K.C. Weathers ◽  
G.M. Lovett ◽  
M.P. Weand ◽  
W.C. Eddy
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Beech Bark Disease ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Tree Species Composition

Beech bark disease (BBD) has demonstrable ecosystem consequences for eastern US forests stemming from American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) mortality, often leading to increased dominance by its competitor, sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.). We hypothesized that this BBD-induced shift in tree species composition leads to changes in soil acid–base chemistry, mediated through differences in leaf litter chemistry of the two species. Using a sequence of plots representing the progression of the disease in the Catskill Mountains, NY, USA, we examined the influence of tree species composition shift on soil chemistry. The BBD impact on tree species composition was confounded by variability in substrate (or nonexchangeable soil) calcium (Ca). While substrate Ca explained much of the variation in acid–base chemistry, increasing BBD was associated with increasing forest floor exchangeable Ca, sum of base cations, base saturation, cation-exchange capacity, and decreasing hydrogen. An apparent threshold effect of substrate Ca on sugar maple litter Ca concentration suggests that underlying soil Ca availability may contribute to the spatial extent and timeframe of BBD-induced shifts in species composition. The species compositional shift is a mechanism contributing to a vegetation effect on soil acid–base status and may partially counteract soil acidification in this acid deposition impacted region.

Beech–maple coexistence and seedling growth rates at Mont Saint Hilaire, Quebec

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 1279-1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Cypher ◽  
Douglas H. Boucher
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
American Beech ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Auxiliary Hypothesis ◽  
Light Gap

We tested the hypothesis that coexistence of forest tree species is promoted by canopy-dependent seedling growth, such that each tree species grows faster under adults of a different species. The study was carried out in the forest of Mont Saint Hilaire, P.Q., using seedlings of American beech (Fagus grandifolia) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum). The main hypothesis was confirmed, while an auxiliary hypothesis for coexistence involving differential longevity and light gap growth was not confirmed.

scholarly journals Effects of Savanna Restoration on the Foraging Ecology of Insectivorous Songbirds

The Condor ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah C. Hartung ◽  
Jeffrey D. Brawn
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Canopy Closure ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Open Canopy ◽  
Closed Canopy ◽  
Open Versus

Abstract We studied the foraging behavior of insectivorous songbirds during the breeding season at four sites in Illinois, each with restored open-canopy savanna habitat (65% mean canopy closure) and closed-canopy forests (89% mean canopy closure). We sampled and compared apparent tree species preference, foliage layer preference, and proportional use of different prey-attack maneuvers in the two habitats. In closed-canopy forests, three of nine songbird species foraged in black oak (Quercus velutina) and white oak (Q. alba) more than expected based on availability, and foraged less than expected in shade-tolerant trees such as sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and red elm (Ulmus rubra). Four species also displayed apparent preferences for black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) and hackberry (Celtis occidentalis). In contrast, songbirds used tree species according to availability in open-canopy habitat. We observed apparent preferences for the shrub and subcanopy vegetation layers (0–5 m and 6–10 m) in open-canopy habitat and apparent preferences for the subcanopy and lower canopy vegetation layers (6–10 m and 11–15 m) in closed-canopy forests. Relative use of prey-attack maneuvers in open versus closed-canopy habitat was significantly different for the Eastern Wood-Pewee (Contopus virens) and the Great Crested Flycatcher (Myiarchus crinitus), but not for foliage-gleaning species. These results suggest that restoration of oak savannas has important effects on the habitat use and foraging ecology of selected insectivorous birds.

scholarly journals 571 EVALUATION AND PROPAGATION OF SUPERIOR CADDO MAPLES

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 513e-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Pair
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Green Mountain ◽  
Xylem Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
South Central ◽  
Sugar Maples ◽  
Early Fall

In 1983, a trial was initiated to compare numerous selections of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) for adaptability to stressful conditions in south central Kansas (zone 6). Included were seedlings of Caddo maple, a southern ecotype, collected from a population native to central Oklahoma. Selected trees have shown superior resistance to scorch and leaf tatter compared to cultivars in the trade. Pre-dawn measurements indicated higher xylem water potential than `Green Mountain' and `Fairview' under drought stress. Leaf emergence of Caddo maples has been earlier in the spring, and fall color develops later than other sugar maples. Propagation of potential cultivars with early fall color has been principally by T-budding on Caddo understock in July and August, although side-veneer grafting in winter has been successful. In addition to superior summer leaf quality, growth in caliper and total height has been greater than other A. saccharum cultivars.

Decay of birdseye sugar maple (Acer Saccharum) and curly red maple (Acer Rubrum)

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-297
Author(s):  
Tara Lee Bal ◽  
Katherine Elizabeth Schneider ◽  
Dana L. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Red Maple

Growth responses of seven major co-occurring tree species of the northeastern United States to elevated CO2

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1479-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Bazzaz ◽  
J. S. Coleman ◽  
S. R. Morse
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
White Pine ◽  
American Beech ◽  
Harvard Forest ◽  
Paper Birch

We examined how elevated CO2 affected the growth of seven co-occurring tree species: American beech (Fagusgrandifolia Ehrh.), paper birch (Betulapapyrifera Marsh.), black cherry (Prunusserotina Ehrh.), white pine (Pinusstrobus L.), red maple (Acerrubrum L.), sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.), and eastern hemlock (Tsugacanadensis (L.) Carr). We also tested whether the degree of shade tolerance of species and the age of seedlings affected plant responses to enhanced CO2 levels. Seedlings that were at least 1 year old, for all species except beech, were removed while dormant from Harvard Forest, Petersham, Massachusetts. Seeds of red maple and paper birch were obtained from parent trees at Harvard Forest, and seeds of American beech were obtained from a population of beeches in Nova Scotia. Seedlings and transplants were grown in one of four plant growth chambers for 60 d (beech, paper birch, red maple, black cherry) or 100 d (white pine, hemlock, sugar maple) under CO2 levels of 400 or 700 μL•L−1. Plants were then harvested for biomass and growth determinations. The results showed that the biomass of beech, paper birch, black cherry, sugar maple, and hemlock significantly increased in elevated CO2, but the biomass of red maple and white pine only marginally increased in these conditions. Furthermore, there were large differences in the magnitude of growth enhancement by increased levels of CO2 between species, so it seems reasonable to predict that one consequence of rising levels of CO2 may be to increase the competitive ability of some species relative to others. Additionally, the three species exhibiting the largest increase in growth with increased CO2 concentrations were the shade-tolerant species (i.e., beech, sugar maple, and hemlock). Thus, elevated CO2 levels may enhance the growth of relatively shade-tolerant forest trees to a greater extent than growth of shade-intolerant trees, at least under the light and nutrient conditions of this experiment. We found no evidence to suggest that the age of tree seedlings greatly affected their response to elevated CO2 concentrations.

High light intensity stress as the limiting factor in micropropagation of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amritpal S. Singh ◽  
A. Maxwell P. Jones ◽  
Mukund R. Shukla ◽  
Praveen K. Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Intensity Stress
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