Taxonomic review of the leek moth genus Acrolepiopsis (Lepidoptera: Acrolepiidae) in North America

2007 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Landry
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
The North ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
New Synonymy ◽  
Leek Moth

AbstractThe North American species of Acrolepiopsis are reviewed and include six described species: A. assectella (Zeller), A. californica Gaedike, A. heppneri Gaedike, A. incertella (Chambers), A. leucoscia (Meyrick), and A. reticulosa (Braun). Acrolepiopsis liliivora Gaedike is considered a junior synonym of A. californica (new synonymy). Acrolepiopsis assectella, commonly known as the leek moth, is a recently invasive alien species in North America and a pest of the plant genus Allium, including leek, onion, garlic, and related cultivated plants. A key to species based on adults is provided, diagnostic characters including male and female genitalia are illustrated, and geographical distribution, host plants, and larval feeding pattern and damage (where known) are given. Diagnostics and illustrations are presented also for A. sapporensis (Matsumura); known as the Asiatic onion leafminer, it is very similar to A. assectella and is an invasive alien species present in Hawaii, though not in North America. Adult diagnostic characters of the genus Acrolepiopsis, the family Acrolepiidae, and the superfamily Yponomeutoidea are also provided and illustrated. DNA barcoding data (short sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene) obtained for five of the six species revealed interspecific differences averaging 8.1%, whereas intraspecific variation was ≤ 0.16%, and provided unequivocal species separation matching morphology-based identifications.

scholarly journals Host plant preference of Metcalfa pruinosa (Say, 1830) (Hemiptera: Flatidae) in the north of Hungary

2015 ◽  
pp. 84-95
Author(s):  
András Bozsik
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Long Time

Citrus flatid planthopper, a native insect to North America had for a long time a scarce economic importance there. However, being polyphagous made little damage on citrus trees and some ornamentals. In 1979 it was introduced to Italy where it established and spread quickly. It is now an invasive alien species continually spreading in South and Central Europe causing considerable damage in fruit crops and various ornamentals. Present study shows the results of a series of observations carried out from 2011 to 2015 at a number of habitats in north of Hungary. The pest could be found at each habitat but the hedge, the tree row, the gardens and the orchard/vineyard were the most infested. Frequency and population density of Metcalfa pruinosa were considerable on Asteraceae, Cannabaceae, Fabaceae, Juglandaceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae and Sapindaceae. Typical vegetation could be functionally classified as ornamental plants, trees/shrubs, fruit plants, weeds and feral plants. Feral plants – some of them also invasive alien species – were found at each habitat. Plant species native to America were among them the most populated. As the hedgerows were neglected, and most gardens, orchards and vineyards abandoned, these are excellent conditions for the quick and long-lasting establishment of the pest as well as they may be reservoirs to infest cultivated fruit crops and ornamentals. The hedgerow was situated along a railway line. The length of similar hedges can be merely in Pest county several hundred km, which means M. pruinosa has plenty of opportunity for spreading along the railway and infest agricultural and ornamental cultures. On the surveyed alfalfa and maize fields, accidentally very few nymphs and adults were observed. Although, the population density of M. pruinosa was considerable on many hostplants, economic damage or yield losses could not be detected. Economic or significant damage was observed only on roses, raspberries and stinging nettle. This later is cultivated in Germany and Finland. The applied horticultural oil was efficient.

A REVIEW OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE OMALIINE GENERA PORRHODITES KRAATZ AND OROCHARES KRAATZ (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE)

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (9) ◽  
pp. 1227-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
North American ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
New Synonymy

AbstractThe genus Porrhodites Kraatz is redescribed to include the Nearctic Paradeliphrum inflatum Hatch, as well as the Holarctic Porrhodites fenestralis (Zetterstedt). Orochares Kraatz is also redescribed to include Paradeliphrum (new synonymy). In addition to O. angustatus Erichson from Europe, O. japonicus Cameron from Japan and O. villiersi Jarrige from Iran, Orochares now includes two Nearctic species, Paradeliphrum tumidum Hatch from the Pacific Northwest and the new species O. suteri from Illinois and Wisconsin. Keys are provided to distinguish the North American species of each genus, and the major diagnostic characters of all included taxa are illustrated.

SYNOPSIS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN PHILAENINI (RHYNCHOTA: HOMOPTERA: CERCOPIDAE) WITH A NEW GENUS AND FOUR NEW SPECIES

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.G.A. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
The North ◽  
New Synonymy

AbstractKeys are provided to the five genera and 12 species of Philaenini in North America. Philaenus (Stål) is redefined to include only two species, one of which, spumarius L., 1758 (= rubra Capanni, 1894, = aurata Capanni, 1894, new synonymies) is represented in North America by three introduced subspecies: quadrimaculatus (Sch.) in eastern and western continental America, spumarius s.s. in Newfoundland, and tesselatus (Mel.) from one locality in southern Ontario. Philaenus parallels Stearns is removed to Paraphilaenus Vilb. as its sole Nearctic representative (new combination) and Philaenus lineatus (L.) belongs to the distinctive genus Neophilaenus Hpt. Philaronia Ball is represented in North America by five species: abjecta (Uhl.), canadensis (Wal.), fuscovaria (Stål) new combination, pauca n. sp. and superba n. sp. Philaenarcys new genus includes three species: bilineata (Say), 1831, new combination (= Ptyelus basivitta Wlk., 1851, new synonymy), killa n. sp., and spartina n. sp.

REVISION OF NORTH AMERICAN AGABUS LEACH (COLEOPTERA: DYTISCIDAE): INTRODUCTION, KEY TO SPECIES GROUPS, AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE AMBIGUUS-, TRISTIS-, AND ARCTICUS-GROUPS

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (10) ◽  
pp. 861-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Larson
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Ecological Information ◽  
The North ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Diving Beetle

AbstractThe first of a planned series of papers revising the Nearctic species of the predaceous diving beetle genus, Agabus Leach, is presented. The genus is defined in the broad sense of Sharp (1882) and Fall (1922). The North American species are divided into species groups and diagnostic characters for group recognition are summarized in a key. Assignment of species to these groups is indicated in a checklist of North American species. The ambiguus-, tristis-, and arcticus-groups are defined, their relationships discussed, and included species revised. The ambiguus-group, which is restricted to North America, contains the species A. ambiguus (Say), A. strigulosis (Crotch), A. erythropterus (Say), A. austinii Sharp, and A. klamathensis sp.nov. The tristis-group, which has a Holarctic distribution, contains two species in North America, A. tristis Aubé and A. leptapsis (LeConte). The Holarctic arcticus-group is represented by A. arcticus (Paykull) and A. anthracinus (Mannerheim) in North America. For each species, patterns of variation are described, the North American distributions mapped, and ecological information summarized.

scholarly journals Scolopostethus affinis (Schilling) (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Rhyparochromidae, Drymini): a new alien established in North America

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 889 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
David J. Larson ◽  
Geoffrey G. E. Scudder
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
North America ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Palearctic Region

Scolopostethus affinis, a species native to the Palearctic region, is reported from two localities in Montreal, Quebec. The species appears established and breeding in Quebec and is a new alien species in North America. A description of S. affinis is given, with illustrations, and details of the life cycle and diagnostic characters.

A revision of the genus Pachyrhinus Schӧnherr 1823 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Entiminae) in the Nearctic Region

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4999 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-533
Author(s):  
JOSEPH BENZEL ◽  
DONALD E. BRIGHT
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Scale Morphology ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
The North ◽  
Pinus Spp ◽  
Nearctic Region ◽  
Scanning Electron

The North American species of the broad-nosed weevil genus Pachyrhinus Schönherr 1823 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Entiminae) are revised. Three species of Pachyrhinus are here recognized in North America: P. elegans (Couper 1865), P. californicus (Horn 1876), and P. cinereus (Casey 1888). Pachyrhinus lateralis (Casey 1888) and P. miscix (Fall 1901) are here designated as synonyms of P. elegans. Pachyrhinus crassicornis (Casey 1888) and P. albidus (Fall 1901) are here designated synonyms of P. cinereus (Casey 1888) The previously proposed synonymy of P. ferrugineus (Casey 1888) with P. californicus was confirmed. This revision includes detailed images of diagnostic characters as well as scanning electron micrographs of scale morphology for all species. A key to the Nearctic species of Pachyrhinus is provided. All Nearctic species of Pachyrhinus are considered minor pests of Pinus spp. [Pinaceae].

scholarly journals Are the “100 of the world’s worst” invasive species also the costliest?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Cuthbert ◽  
Christophe Diagne ◽  
Phillip J. Haubrock ◽  
Anna J Turbelin ◽  
Franck Courchamp
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Biological Invasions ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Species List ◽  
True Cost ◽  
Global Database

Abstract Biological invasions are increasing worldwide, damaging ecosystems and socioeconomic sectors. Two decades ago, the “100 of the world’s worst” invasive alien species list was established by the IUCN to improve communications, identifying particularly damaging ‘flagship’ invaders globally (hereafter, worst ). Whilst this list has bolstered invader awareness, whether worst species are especially economically damaging and how they compare to other invaders (hereafter, other ) remain unknown. Here, we quantify invasion costs using the most comprehensive global database compiling them (InvaCost). We compare these costs between worst and other species against sectorial, taxonomic and regional descriptors, and examine temporal cost trends. Only 60 of the 100 worst species had invasion costs considered as highly reliable and actually observed estimates (median: US$ 43 million). On average, these costs were significantly higher than the 463 other invasive species recorded in InvaCost (median: US$ 0.53 million), although some other species had higher costs than most worst species. Damages to the environment from the worst species dominated, whereas other species largely impacted agriculture. Disproportionately highest worst species costs were incurred in North America, whilst costs were more evenly distributed for other species; animal invasions were always costliest. Proportional management expenditures were low for the other species, and surprisingly, over twice as low for the worst species. Temporally, costs increased more for the worst than other taxa; however, management spending has remained very low for both groups. Nonetheless, since 40 species had no robust and/or reported costs, the “true” cost of “some of the world’s worst ” 100 invasive species still remains unknown.

North American Tychius: New synonymy and observations on phylogeny and zoogeography (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

1977 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne E. Clark
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Host Range ◽  
North American ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Old World ◽  
The North ◽  
Native North American ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
New Synonymy

AbstractTychius mixtus Hatch is newly synonymized with T. tectus LeConte; T. lamellosus Casey, T. squamosus Hatch and T. intermixtus Hatch are synonymized with T. semisquamoslls LeConte, and T. hirsutus Clark is synonymized with T. soltaui Casey. New locality and host records are given for T. tectus LeConte, T. semisquamosus LeConte, T. sordidus LeConte, T. soltaui Casey, and T. liljebladi Blatchley. Comparison of North American Tyehius with species from Eurasia and Africa indicates that the North American species belong to at least 2 major groups, each of which has a greater number of species in the Old World. Phylogenetic and host plant relationships and distribution patterns indicate that Tyehius arose in the Old World; several independent dispersals from Eurasia have formed the North American fauna. Tyehius sordidus and T. caesius Clark are probably remnants of an old Holarctic fauna associated with the Arcto-Tertiary flora. Tyehius lineellus is probably related to the latter two species but dispersed via Beringia. T. liljebladi Blatchley and T. tectus LeConte are more closely allied to members of the semisquamosus Group; all of these have close relatives in Eurasia. The former 2 have as hosts species of Oxytropis and species of Astragalus which belong to Eurasian groups. They probably arrived in North America after the semisquamoslls Group was already established. T. tectus also has Astragalus hosts which belong to native North American groups. It appears to be extending its geographic and host range at the expense of some semisquamosus Group members. Members of the latter group are known only from species of Astragalus in American groups of from the genus Lotus.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON SOME INVASIVE ALIEN MACROPHYTES IN ARTHUNA POND OF GARHI TEHSIL IN DISTRICT BANSWARA OF SOUTH RAJASTHAN, INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Varsha Pathak ◽  
Shafkat Rana
Keyword(s):  
Dissolve Oxygen ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Invasive Plant Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Diversity ◽  
Water Ph

This Present study is aimed to determine the diversity and distribution of Alien Macrophytic plants found in the Arthuna pond of Garhi Tehsil in Banswara District of South Rajasthan. In the years 2019 and 2020, the specimens were collected from four sites located from the north to south and east to west of study area. A total of seven species belonging to six genera and six families are reported as Invasive Alien Macrophytes. These are Ipomea sps., Nymphoides, Nymphea, Nelumbo, Potamogeton, Azolla belonging Convovulaceae, Menyanthaceae, Nelumbonaceae, Salviniaceae, Nympheaceae, Potamogetonaceae respectively. Physicochemical parameters like water pH, Temperature, TDS, Dissolve oxygen, Turbidity were analysed in three seasons winter, summer and rain. The Invasive Alien Species possess serious threat to local diversity and human Health therefore systematic study about the invasive plant species is necessary

scholarly journals Are the “100 of the world’s worst” invasive species also the costliest?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross N. Cuthbert ◽  
Christophe Diagne ◽  
Phillip J. Haubrock ◽  
Anna J. Turbelin ◽  
Franck Courchamp
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Biological Invasions ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Species List ◽  
True Cost ◽  
Global Database

AbstractBiological invasions are increasing worldwide, damaging ecosystems and socioeconomic sectors. Two decades ago, the “100 of the world’s worst” invasive alien species list was established by the IUCN to improve communications , identifying particularly damaging ‘flagship’ invaders globally (hereafter, worst). Whilst this list has bolstered invader awareness, whether worst species are especially economically damaging and how they compare to other invaders (hereafter, other) remain unknown. Here, we quantify invasion costs using the most comprehensive global database compiling them (InvaCost). We compare these costs between worst and other species against sectorial, taxonomic and regional descriptors, and examine temporal cost trends. Only 60 of the 100 worst species had invasion costs considered as highly reliable and actually observed estimates (median: US$ 43 million). On average, these costs were significantly higher than the 463 other invasive species recorded in InvaCost (median: US$ 0.53 million), although some other species had higher costs than most worst species. Damages to the environment from the worst species dominated, whereas other species largely impacted agriculture. Disproportionately highest worst species costs were incurred in North America, whilst costs were more evenly distributed for other species; animal invasions were always costliest. Proportional management expenditures were low for the other species, and surprisingly, over twice as low for the worst species. Temporally, costs increased more for the worst than other taxa; however, management spending has remained very low for both groups. Nonetheless, since 40 species had no robust and/or reported costs, the “true” cost of “some of the world’s worst” 100 invasive species still remains unknown.

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