The response of Dendroctonus valens and Temnochila chlorodia to Ips paraconfusus pheromone components and verbenone

2007 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Fettig ◽  
Stephen R. McKelvey ◽  
Christopher P. Dabney ◽  
Roberty R. Borys
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Ips Paraconfusus ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Dendroctonus Valens ◽  
High Release ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Pheromone Components ◽  
Temnochila Chlorodia ◽  
Cut Stumps

AbstractThe red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens LeConte, 1860 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), is a common bark beetle found throughout much of North America and China. In 2004, we observed that attack densities of the California fivespined ips, Ips paraconfusus Lanier, 1970 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), in logging debris were inversely related to D. valens attacks on freshly cut stumps, which led to the demonstration that components of the aggregation pheromone of I. paraconfusus inhibited the response of D. valens to attractant-baited traps. In this study, we test the response of D. valens and Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim, 1843) (Coleoptera: Trogositidae), a common bark beetle predator, to racemic ipsenol, racemic ipsdienol, and (−)-cis-verbenol (IPSR) in the presence and absence of two release rates of (−)-verbenone. The addition of a relatively low release rate of (−)-verbenone (4 mg/24 h) to attractant-baited traps did not affect catch and had no significant effect on the response of D. valens to IPSR. IPSR significantly reduced D. valens attraction to baited traps. The addition of high release rates of (−)-verbenone (50 mg/24 h) to IPSR significantly increased inhibition; however, the effect was not significantly different from that observed with (−)-verbenone alone (50 mg/24 h). Temnochila chlorodia was attracted to traps baited with (−)-β-pinene, (+)-3-carene, and (+)-α-pinene. The addition of (−)-verbenone (50 mg/24 h) significantly increased attraction. Traps baited with IPSR caught significantly more T. chlorodia than those baited with (−)-verbenone. Few other beetles were collected. We are hopeful that these results will help facilitate the development of an effective tool for protecting Pinus spp. from D. valens infestations.

Disruption of red turpentine beetle attraction to baited traps by the addition of California fivespined ips pheromone components

2005 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
pp. 748-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Fettig ◽  
Robert R. Borys ◽  
Christopher P. Dabney ◽  
Stephen R. McKelvey ◽  
Daniel R. Cluck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Aggregation Pheromone ◽  
Ips Paraconfusus ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Pheromone Components ◽  
Temnochila Chlorodia ◽  
Cut Stumps

AbstractThe red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens LeConte (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), is a common bark beetle species found throughout much of North America. In California, D. valens and the California fivespined ips, Ips paraconfusus Lanier (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), are sympatric and often colonize the same tree. In an unrelated study, we observed that I. paraconfusus attack densities in logging debris were inversely related to D. valens attacks on freshly cut stumps. In this study, we test the hypothesis that allomonal inhibition occurs between these two species. Components of the aggregation pheromone of I. paraconfusus (racemic ipsenol, (+)-ipsdienol, and (–)-cis-verbenol) inhibited the response of D. valens to attractant-baited traps. Substitution of racemic ipsdienol for (+)-ipsdienol did not alter this effect. Doubling the release rate did not enhance inhibition. Racemic ipsdienol was not attractive to I. paraconfusus. Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim, 1843) (Coleoptera: Trogositidae), a common bark beetle predator, was attracted to the I. paraconfusus aggregation pheromone. These results could have important implications for the development of an effective semiochemical-based management tool for D. valens.

Late Glacial and Holocene records of tree-killing conifer bark beetles in Europe and North America: Implications for forest disturbance dynamics

The Holocene ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 847-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Schafstall ◽  
Niina Kuosmanen ◽  
Christopher J Fettig ◽  
Miloš Knižek ◽  
Jennifer L Clear
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Ips Paraconfusus ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Dryocoetes Confusus ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Fossil Records

Outbreaks of conifer bark beetles in Europe and North America have increased in scale and severity in recent decades. In this study, we identify existing fossil records containing bark beetle remains from the end of the Last Glacial Maximum (~14,000 cal. yr BP) to present day using the online databases Neotoma and BugsCEP and literature searches, and compare these data with modern distribution data of selected tree-killing species. Modern-day observational data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) database was used to map recorded distributions from AD 1750 to present day. A total of 53 fossil sites containing bark beetle remains, from both geological and archeological sites, were found during our searches. Fossil sites were fewer in Europe ( n = 21) than North America ( n = 32). In Europe, 29% of the samples in which remains were found were younger than 1000 cal. yr BP, while in North America, remains were mainly identified from late Glacial (~14,000–11,500 cal. yr BP) sites. In total, the fossil records contained only 8 of 20 species we consider important tree-killing bark beetles in Europe and North America based on their impacts during the last 100 years. In Europe, Ips sexdentatus was absent from the fossil record. In North America, Dendroctonus adjunctus, Dendroctonus frontalis, Dendroctonus jeffreyi, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae, Dryocoetes confusus, Ips calligraphus, Ips confusus, Ips grandicollis, Ips lecontei, Ips paraconfusus, and Scolytus ventralis were absent. Overall, preserved remains of tree-killing bark beetles are rare in the fossil record. However, by retrieving bulk material from new and existing sites and combining data from identified bark beetle remains with pollen, charcoal, tree rings, and geochemistry, the occurrence and dominance of bark beetles, their outbreaks, and other disturbance events can be reconstructed.

Seasonal Abundance of Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim) (Coleoptera: Trogositidae) Collected in Western Pine Beetle Pheromone-Baited Traps in Northern California

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Fettig ◽  
Christopher P. Dabney
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Northern California ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Enoclerus Lecontei ◽  
Temnochila Chlorodia

Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) are commonly recognized as the most important mortality agent in western coniferous forests. In this study, we describe the abundance of bark beetle predators collected in multiple-funnel traps baited with exo-brevicomin, frontalin and myrcene in northern California during 2003 and 2004. A total of 32,903 Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim), 79 Enoclerus lecontei (Wolcott), and 12 E. sphegeus (F.) were collected. The seasonal abundance of E. lecontei and E. sphegeus was not analyzed because too few individuals were collected. In general, T. chlorodia was most abundant in late spring, but a second smaller peak in activity was observed in late summmer. Overall, the ratio of males to females was 0.82. A significant temporal effect was observed in regard to sex ratios with more males collected during later sample periods. Temnochila chlorodia flight activity patterns were similar between years, but activity was generally delayed several weeks in 2003.

Frontalin interrupts attraction of Ips pini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to ipsdienol

2001 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Miller
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Ips Pini ◽  
Aggregation Pheromones ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Phloem Tissue ◽  
Pine Engraver ◽  
High Release ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Pine Beetle

The pine engraver, Ips pini (Say), breeds in the phloem tissue of dead, dying, or downed pines, occasionally attacking standing live trees when populations build up to significant levels following logging activities or infestations by the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Furniss and Carolin 1980). In British Columbia, I. pini uses ipsdienol as an aggregation pheromone to facilitate large aggregations of mated beetles and breeding galleries (Miller et al. 1996). The aggregation pheromones, exo-brevicomin and cis- and trans-verbenol, used by D. ponderosae (Borden et al. 1987; Miller and Lafontaine 1991) interrupt attraction of I. pini to ipsdienol (Miller 1991). Another semiochemical, frontalin, is used by D. ponderosae as a multifunctional pheromone (Borden et al. 1987), enhancing attraction of beetles at low release rates and interrupting attraction at high release rates. I tested the effect of frontalin, over a broad range of release rates, on the attraction of I. pini to ipsdienol-baited traps.

Field Response of Dendroctonus valens (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and a Major Predator, Temnochila chlorodia (Coleoptera: Trogositidae), to Host Kairomones and a Dendroctonus spp. Pheromone Component1

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Fettig ◽  
Robert R. Borys ◽  
Daniel R. Cluck ◽  
Sheri L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Aggregation Pheromones ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Dendroctonus Valens ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Field Response ◽  
Temnochila Chlorodia ◽  
The Individual

The red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), is a common bark beetle species found throughout much of North America. Aggregation pheromones have yet to be isolated and identified for D. valens. In this study, we examined the response of D. valens and a bark beetle predator, Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim) (Coleoptera: Trogositidae), to host produced kairomones and to the Dendroctonus spp. pheromone component exo-brevicomin. A total of 11,604 D. valens and 586 T. chlorodia were captured in multiple-funnel traps over a 14-wk period from 27 March to 5 July 2002. There was no significant difference in trap catch related to gender. The ratio of males to females was 1.01 for D. valens and 0.97 for T. chlorodia. Dendroctonus valens showed significant attraction to (+)-α-pinene, (−)-β-pinene, and (+)-3-carene, but the addition of ethanol did not significantly increase trap catch. Racemic exo-brevicomin was not attractive to D. valens and significantly reduced its attraction to the monoterpene and ethanol blend. This observation, in combination with results from other authors, suggests that D. valens is not responding to the western pine beetle, D. brevicomis LeConte, pheromone or any of the individual components. Potential explanations for why D. valens is attracted to D. brevicomis infested trees are provided. There were no significant differences in the trap catch of T. chlorodia among unbaited traps or traps baited with (+)-α-pinene, (−)-β-pinene, and (+)-3-carene or (+)-α-pinene, (−)-(β-pinene, and (+)-3-carene, and ethanol. The addition of exo-brevicomin significantly increased attraction. During the course of this study, a single peak in flight activity was observed during late May through early June for both species.

EFFECTS OF ATTRACTANT COMPOSITION AND RELEASE RATE ON ATTRACTION OF MALE CHORISTONEURA RETINIANA, C. OCCIDENTALS, AND C. CARNANA (LEPIDOPTERA : TORTRICIDAE)

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Liebhold ◽  
W. Jan A. Volney
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Pheromone Components ◽  
Attractant Pheromone ◽  
Choristoneura Retiniana

AbstractAttraction of male Choristoneura spp. to various mixtures of the pheromone components of C. occidentalis Freeman and C. retiniana (Walsingham) released at various rates was evaluated at several sites in western North America. At all but 1 location, male trap capture increased with progressively greater release rates of a 92:8 mixture of (E)- and (Z)-11-tetradecenals (TDALs), previously identified as active components of the attractant pheromone of C. occidentalis. Similarly, trap catch was positively correlated with release rate of an 84:7:8:1 mixture of (E)- and (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetates and (E)- and (Z)-11-tetradecenols (1:0.1 TDACs:TDOLs), previously identified as active components of the attractant pheromone of C. retiniana. All release rates of TDALs attracted only C. carnana (C. occidentalis and C. carnana probably are subspecies of the same species) in the central Sierra Nevada, but in the southern Cascades all but the lowest release rate of TDALs attracted significant numbers of males classified as C. retiniana in addition to those classified as C. occidentalis. At all locations, 1:0.1 TDACs: TDOLs exhibited complete species specificity, attracting only C. retiniana at all release rates tested. The 1:0.1 ratio of TDACs: TDOLs was the most attractive mixture of these components to C. retiniana. Addition of 1:0.1 TDACs: TDOLs did not significantly affect attraction of C. carnana to TDALs. However addition of TDALs significantly decreased attraction of C. retiniana to 1:0.1 TDACs:TDOLs.

scholarly journals Fungal associates of an invasive pine-infesting bark beetle, Dendroctonus valens, including seven new Ophiostomatalean fungi

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-195
Author(s):  
S. Marincowitz ◽  
T.A. Duong ◽  
S.J. Taerum ◽  
Z.W. de Beer ◽  
M.J. Wingfield
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Dendroctonus Valens ◽  
Fungal Associates ◽  
Formed Part

The red turpentine beetle (RTB; Dendroctonus valens ) is a bark beetle that is native to Central and NorthAmerica. This insect is well-known to live in association with a large number of Ophiostomatalean fungi. The beetle is considered a minor pest in its native range, but has killed millions of indigenous pine trees in China after its appearance in that country in the late1990s. Inorder to increase the base of knowledge regarding the RTB and its symbionts, surveys of the beetle's fungal associates were initially undertaken in China, and in a subsequent study in its native range in North America. A total of 30 Ophiostomatalean species that included several undescribed taxa, were identified in these surveys. In the present study, seven of the undescribed taxa collected during the surveys were further characterised based on their morphological characteristics and multi-genephylogenies. We proceeded to describe five of these as novel Leptographium spp. and two as new species of Ophiostoma. Four of the Leptographium spp. resided in the G. galeiformis-species complex, while one formed part of the L. olivaceum species complex. One Ophiostoma sp. was a member of the O. ips-species complex, while the only new species from China was closely related to O. floccosum. Two of the previously undescribed taxa from North America were shown to be congeneric with L. terebrantis, implying that this species was most often isolated in association with the RTB in North America. The undescribed taxon from North America was identified as O. ips, and like L. terebrantis, this species was also not recognized during the initial North American survey. Resolving the identities of these taxa provides essential baseline information to better understand the movement of fungal pathogens with this beetle. This then enhances our ability to accurately assess and predict the risks of invasions by these and related fungi.

Scolytus multistriatus. [Distribution map].

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Scolytus Multistriatus ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Elm Bark Beetle ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham) (Col., Scolytidae) (Smaller Elm Bark-beetle) (A vector of Dutch elm disease). Host Plants: Ulmus spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE (excl. USSR), Austria, Belgium, Britain, Bulgaria, Corsica, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Spain, Switzerland, Yugoslavia, ASIA (excl. USSR), Iran, USSR, AFRICA, Algeria, Egypt, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, U.S.A.

scholarly journals Managing bark beetle outbreaks (Ips typographus, Dendroctonus spp.) in conservation areas in the 21st century

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-357
Author(s):  
Dominik Kulakowski
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Timber Production ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Social Scientific

Abstract Forests in Europe and North America are being affected by large and severe outbreaks of bark beetles, which have caused widespread concern about forest health and have led to proposals for tree removal in affected or susceptible forests. Any such intervention, as well as broader decisions of whether any active interventions are appropriate, should be based on the best scientific data. This is true for all forests, including those whose purposes include timber production, watershed protection, biogeochemical function and recreation, and especially protected and conservation areas as the latter often provide particularly unique and important cultural, social, scientific and other ecosystem services. Here, I summarize peer-reviewed literature on the effects of bark beetle outbreaks and on silvicultural treatments aimed at mitigating beetle-induced tree mortality. From an objective scientific perspective, beetle outbreaks do not destroy forests. Instead, in many cases they play an important role in promoting wildlife, biodiversity and other ecological services. The best available data indicate that logging in conservation areas is unlikely to stop ongoing bark beetle outbreaks and instead may be more ecologically detrimental to the forests than the outbreaks themselves. If the purpose of a forest is timber production, then logging is desirable and can be planned based on appropriate analyses of timber yield and economic profit. However, in areas in which conservation is the determined goal, it is recommended that cutting trees be limited to removing hazards, such as trees that might fall in areas of high human activity in order to limit property damage and personal injury. Based on extensive research in Europe and North America, logging beetle-affected forests is inconsistent with most conservation goals.

Xyloterus lineatus. [Distribution map].

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Xyloterus lineatus[Trypodendron lineatum] (Ol.) (Trypodendron lineatum(Ol.)) (Col., Scolytidae) (Lineate-Bark Beetle). Host Plants: Abies, Picea, Pseudotsuga. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE (excl. USSR), Austria, Belgium, Britain, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Liechtenstein, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Yugoslavia, ASIA (excl. USSR), Japan, Korea, Turkey, USSR, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, USA.

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