Captures of two leafroller moth species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in traps baited with varying dosages of pheromone lures or commercial mating-disruption dispensers in untreated and pheromone-treated orchard plots

2005 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.L. Stelinski ◽  
J.R. Miller ◽  
L.J. Gut
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Choristoneura Rosaceana ◽  
Argyrotaenia Velutinana ◽  
Obliquebanded Leafroller ◽  
Rubber Septa ◽  
Single Standard ◽  
Membrane Type ◽  
Rope Dispensers

AbstractA 2-year study conducted in 0.6-ha apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) blocks examined the effects of treatment with pheromone rope dispensers on captures of the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris, 1841), and the redbanded leafroller, Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker, 1863), in traps baited with varying dosages of pheromone lures or Isomate®-OBLR/PLR Plus pheromone rope dispensers. In untreated blocks, captures of male A. velutinana were high and did not differ among (i) traps baited with a standard lure loading used to monitor this pest, (ii) lure loadings 10 and 100 times the standard loading, and (iii) traps baited with an Isomate-OBLR/PLR Plus pheromone rope dispenser. In pheromone-treated blocks, captures of A. velutinana in traps were reduced 94%–99% for all loadings tested (up to 1000 times the standard loading). The results for C. rosaceana were different. In untreated blocks in 2002, traps baited with 10 or 30 standard lures captured significantly more C. rosaceana than traps baited with a single standard lure; however, in 2003, traps baited with the standard lure loading captured significantly more moths than traps baited with 100 and 1000 times the standard loading. Also, traps baited with Isomate-OBLR/PLR Plus pheromone rope dispensers captured significantly fewer C. rosaceana than traps with standard lures in untreated blocks. In pheromone-treated blocks, traps baited with standard monitoring lures and lures with higher loadings (10 and 1000 times the standard) captured equivalent numbers of C. rosaceana; the capture of moths was reduced by only 50%–71%. We conclude that Isomate-OBLR/PLR Plus pheromone rope dispensers deployed in Michigan, United States of America, are effective in disrupting orientation of A. velutinana; however, they are not very effective for C. rosaceana. In addition, increasing lure loading above that of 1× monitoring lures (rubber septa or membrane type) does not appear to reliably increase the effectiveness of monitoring of males of either leafroller species in orchards where pheromone ropes are deployed at recommended densities.

Comparative Sex Pheromone Biosynthesis in the Obliquebanded Leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana, and the Redbanded Leafroller, Argyrotaenia velutinana, Moths

1987 ◽  
Vol 42 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 961-964
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Foster ◽  
Wendell L. Roelofs
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Pheromone Biosynthesis ◽  
Choristoneura Rosaceana ◽  
Argyrotaenia Velutinana ◽  
Deuterium Label ◽  
Sex Pheromone Biosynthesis ◽  
Redbanded Leafroller ◽  
Obliquebanded Leafroller ◽  
Pheromone Components

Biosynthesis of the major sex pheromone components of the obliquebanded leafroller, (Z)- and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetates, is shown to proceed by Δ11 desaturation of myristate as in the related redbanded leafroller. A comparison between the amounts of deuterium label incorporated into the pheromone components from labelled myristic, palmitic and stearic acids gave a higher level of incorporation for the shorter chain acids, suggesting that Δ11 desaturation is a faster process than 2 carbon chain-shortening by β-oxidation.

scholarly journals Development of 2-phenylethanol plus acetic acid lures to monitor obliquebanded leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) under mating disruption

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Knight ◽  
G. J. R. Judd ◽  
E. Basoalto ◽  
A. M. El-Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Choristoneura Rosaceana ◽  
Obliquebanded Leafroller ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Bisexual Lure ◽  
Pheromone Dispensers

AbstractWe evaluated the effectiveness of 2-phenylethanol (PET) in combination with acetic acid (AA) as a binary lure for monitoring male and female obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris). Studies were conducted in apple, Malus domestica Borkhausen, orchards treated with or without sex pheromone dispensers for mating disruption (MD). Open polypropylene vials, closed membrane cups, and rubber septa loaded with AA and/or PET in varying amounts were first evaluated in a series of trapping experiments. Membrane cups loaded with 800 mg of PET were as effective as 10-mg septa, but longer lasting, and were comparable to the open vials. A membrane cup AA lure was effective in tests, but further work is needed to increase its release rate and extend its activity. Catches of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), and C. rosaceana were unaffected by combining PET with (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol, the sex pheromone of codling moth, pear ester, (E,Z)-2,4-ethyl-decadienoate, and AA lures. Adding (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene to this blend to enhance codling moth catch, significantly reduced catches of C. rosaceana. PET+AA was a more attractive binary lure than AA plus phenylacetonitrile (PAN) for C. rosaceana. The addition of PET or PAN to traps already baited with the sex pheromone of C. rosaceana significantly reduced male catches. Traps baited with PET+AA placed in blocks not treated with MD caught significantly fewer C. rosaceana than traps baited with sex pheromone. In comparison, sex pheromone-baited traps in MD blocks caught ≤ 1 male moth per season which was significantly lower than total moth (> 10) or female moth (≥ 3) catch in these blocks with PET+AA. A high proportion (> 70%) of trapped females were mated in both untreated and MD-treated orchards. Further refinement of this binary, bisexual lure using membrane cup technology may allow the establishment of action thresholds and improve management timings for C. rosaceana.

Thinking About Scots Law

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Rodger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
The University

This article is the revised text of the first W A Wilson Memorial Lecture, given in the Playfair Library, Old College, in the University of Edinburgh, on 17 May 1995. It considers various visions of Scots law as a whole, arguing that it is now a system based as much upon case law and precedent as upon principle, and that its departure from the Civilian tradition in the nineteenth century was part of a general European trend. An additional factor shaping the attitudes of Scots lawyers from the later nineteenth century on was a tendency to see themselves as part of a larger Englishspeaking family of lawyers within the British Empire and the United States of America.

Off to a bad start: John Adams’s tussle over titles

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C Alexander
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Vice President ◽  
The United States ◽  
John Adams ◽  
The Press ◽  
First Session

From the first days, of the first session, of the first Congress of the United States, the Senate was consumed by an issue that would do immense and lasting political harm to the sitting vice president, John Adams. The issue was a seemingly unimportant one: titles. Adams had strong opinions on what constituted a proper title for important officers of government and, either because he was unconcerned or unaware of the damage it would cause, placed himself in the middle of the brewing dispute. Adams hoped the president would be referred to as, “His highness, the President of the United States of America, and Protector of the Rights of the Same.” The suggestion enraged many, amused some, and was supported by few. He lost the fight over titles and made fast enemies with several of the Senators he was constitutionally obligated to preside over. Adams was savaged in the press, derided in the Senate and denounced by one of his oldest and closest friends. Not simply an isolated incident of political tone-deafness, this event set the stage for the campaign against Adams as a monarchist and provided further proof of his being woefully out of touch.

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