Response of Dryocoetes confusus and D. autographus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to enantiospecific pheromone baits

2004 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.L. Jeans Williams ◽  
J.H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Aggregation Pheromone ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Pheromone Component ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Dryocoetes Confusus

AbstractIn past field studies, the greatest response of western balsam bark beetles, Dryocoetes confusus Swaine, to traps was obtained with blends of (+)-exo-brevicomin and (+)- or (±)-endo-brevicomin, which imitate the natural male-produced aggregation pheromone. We conducted a trapping experiment comparing low-release enanti ospecific blends (9:1 (+)-exo-brevicomin:(+)-endo-brevicomin or 9:2 (+)-exo-brevicomin:(±)-endo-brevicomin released at 0.3, 0.1, or 0.03 mg per day) with the standard commercial (±)-exo-brevicomin bait released at 1.2 mg per day. Multiple-funnel traps baited with the experimental blends caught more D. confusus than the unbaited traps, but only traps with the 9:2 (+):(±) blend released at 0.3 and 0.03 mg per day caught significantly more male and female beetles than those baited with the standard bait. Thus, trap sensitivity can be improved with the addition of (±)-endo-brevicomin. The sympatric bark beetle D. autographus Ratzeburg was captured in significant numbers in traps baited with (±)-exo-brevicomin. A subsequent trapping experiment showed that D. autographus responded to (+)- or (±)-exo-brevicomin, but not to (−)-exo-brevicomin, suggesting that (+)-exo-brevicomin is the principal aggregation pheromone component in this species.

ATTRACTION OF HYLOBIUS PALES (HERBST) (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) TO PHEROMONES OF BARK BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Ips Calligraphus ◽  
Hylobius Pales ◽  
Host Resource

AbstractResults of a field experiment indicate that adults of the pine weevil Hylobius pales (Herbst) respond to pheromones of bark beetles. Each sex of H. pales was more attracted to traps baited with the combination of a pine bolt infested with male Ips calligraphus Germar plus the synthetic Dendroctonus Erichson pheromones frontalin and exo-brevicomin, than to traps baited with pine bolts alone. The combined numbers of male and female H. pales caught in traps baited only with Ips calligraphus-infested bolts were significantly greater than numbers caught in traps baited with uninfested control bolts. The attraction of H. pales to bark beetle pheromones may represent a kairomonal response in which weevils exploit semiochemicals from other species that signify a suitable host resource.

Late Glacial and Holocene records of tree-killing conifer bark beetles in Europe and North America: Implications for forest disturbance dynamics

The Holocene ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 847-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Schafstall ◽  
Niina Kuosmanen ◽  
Christopher J Fettig ◽  
Miloš Knižek ◽  
Jennifer L Clear
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Ips Paraconfusus ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Dryocoetes Confusus ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Fossil Records

Outbreaks of conifer bark beetles in Europe and North America have increased in scale and severity in recent decades. In this study, we identify existing fossil records containing bark beetle remains from the end of the Last Glacial Maximum (~14,000 cal. yr BP) to present day using the online databases Neotoma and BugsCEP and literature searches, and compare these data with modern distribution data of selected tree-killing species. Modern-day observational data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) database was used to map recorded distributions from AD 1750 to present day. A total of 53 fossil sites containing bark beetle remains, from both geological and archeological sites, were found during our searches. Fossil sites were fewer in Europe ( n = 21) than North America ( n = 32). In Europe, 29% of the samples in which remains were found were younger than 1000 cal. yr BP, while in North America, remains were mainly identified from late Glacial (~14,000–11,500 cal. yr BP) sites. In total, the fossil records contained only 8 of 20 species we consider important tree-killing bark beetles in Europe and North America based on their impacts during the last 100 years. In Europe, Ips sexdentatus was absent from the fossil record. In North America, Dendroctonus adjunctus, Dendroctonus frontalis, Dendroctonus jeffreyi, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae, Dryocoetes confusus, Ips calligraphus, Ips confusus, Ips grandicollis, Ips lecontei, Ips paraconfusus, and Scolytus ventralis were absent. Overall, preserved remains of tree-killing bark beetles are rare in the fossil record. However, by retrieving bulk material from new and existing sites and combining data from identified bark beetle remains with pollen, charcoal, tree rings, and geochemistry, the occurrence and dominance of bark beetles, their outbreaks, and other disturbance events can be reconstructed.

ATTRACTION OF LASCONOTUS INTRICATUS KRAUS. (COLEOPTERA: COLYDIIDAE) TO THE AGGREGATION PHEROMONE OF THE FOUR-EYED SPRUCE BARK BEETLE, POLYGRAPHUS RUFIPENNIS (KIRBY) (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.W. Bowers ◽  
J.H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Aggregation Pheromone ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Host Finding ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Spruce Bark Beetle ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
High Degree

AbstractThe cylindrical bark beetle, Lasconotus intricatus Kraus., is attracted to multiple-funnel traps baited either with black spruce logs infested with male four-eyed spruce bark beetles, Polygraphus rufipennis (Kirby), or the male-produced aggregation pheromone, 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol. The addition of the host terpenes, bornyl acetate and β-pinene, to 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol reduced the attraction of L. intricatus. 3-Carene, myrcene, and α-pinene appeared to have a partial inhibitory effect. Catches in spring and summer disclosed a high degree of temporal coincidence between the two species. We hypothesize that L. intricatus utilizes the aggregation pheromone of P. rufipennis as a host-finding kairomone.

DIFFERENTIAL BIOACTIVITY OF CONOPHTHORIN ON FOUR SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN BARK BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 649-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dezene P.W. Huber ◽  
John H. Borden ◽  
Nicole L. Jeans-Williams ◽  
Regine Gries
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
Pine Engraver ◽  
Dryocoetes Confusus ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Spruce Beetle ◽  
Dose Dependent

AbstractThe angiosperm bark volatile, conophthorin, was tested at release rates of 3.0 and 0.3 mg/24 h against the Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), the pine engraver, Ips pint (Say), and the western balsam bark beetle, Dryocoetes confusus Swaine (all Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The responses of D. pseudotsugae, I. pini, and (in one of two experiments) female D. confusus to attractant-baited traps were disrupted by conophthorin in a dose-dependent manner. Dendroctonus rufipennis was not disrupted by conophthorin. Our results extend the repellent bioactivity of conophthorin to Ips DeGeer spp. and confirm earlier experiments with D. pseudotsugae. Conophthorin may have some utility in protecting susceptible timber from bark beetle attack.

scholarly journals Identification of male produced compounds in the bark beetle Polygraphus subopacus and establishment of (Z)-2-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)-ethanol as an aggregation pheromone component

Chemoecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Viklund ◽  
Joakim Bång ◽  
Martin Schroeder ◽  
Erik Hedenström
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Aggregation Pheromone ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Minor Compound

AbstractBark beetles of the genus Polygraphus have recently been involved in large bark beetle outbreaks in central Sweden, together with the European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus. Three species of Polygraphus can be found in this region; Polygraphus poligraphus, Polygraphus punctifrons and Polygraphus subopacus. Efficient pheromone traps would facilitate further investigations of these species and their role in bark beetle outbreaks. Pheromone compounds have previously been identified in P. poligraphus and P. punctifrons, but not in P. subopacus. Thus, we allowed males and females of P. subopacus to bore in the bark of stem sections of Norway spruce (Picea abies) in the laboratory. Volatile organic compounds from boring insects were sampled with SPME and analysed with GC–MS and several male-specific compounds were observed. The male specific compounds were 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol, 3-methyl-2-butenal, grandisol, fragranol, (Z)-2-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)-ethanol, (E)-2-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)-ethanol, (Z)-2-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)-acetaldehyde, (E)-2-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)-acetaldehyde, geranial and γ-isogeraniol. (Z)-2-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)-ethanol, [(Z)-DMCHE], was identified from GC–MS analysis to be the major male-specific compound while the (E)-isomer, [(E)-DMCHE], was found as a minor compound. These two compounds gave positive responses in EAG analyses with antennae from males and females of P. subopacus. Thus, (Z)- and (E)-DMCHE were used in a field experiment in central Sweden but only (Z)-DMCHE was found to be attractive to males and females of P. subopacus. Consequently, (Z)-DMCHE was established to be a component of P. subopacus aggregation pheromone.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Odor Coding in Coniferous Bark Beetles: From Neuron to Behavior and Application

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin N. Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Odor Coding ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Receptor Neurons

Coniferous bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) locate their hosts by means of olfactory signals, such as pheromone, host, and nonhost compounds. Behavioral responses to these volatiles are well documented. However, apart from the olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) detecting pheromones, information on the peripheral olfactory physiology has for a long time been limited. Recently, however, comprehensive studies on the ORNs of the spruce bark beetle,Ips typographus, were conducted. Several new classes of ORNs were described and odor encoding mechanisms were investigated. In particular, links between behavioral responses and ORN responses were established, allowing for a more profound understanding of bark beetle olfaction. This paper reviews the physiology of bark beetle ORNs. Special focus is onI. typographus, for which the available physiological data can be put into a behavioral context. In addition, some recent field studies and possible applications, related to the physiological studies, are summarized and discussed.

E-myrcenol inIps duplicatus: An aggregation pheromone component new for bark beetles

1990 ◽  
Vol 46 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1209-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Byers ◽  
F. Schlyter ◽  
G. Birgersson ◽  
W. Francke
Keyword(s):  
Aggregation Pheromone ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Pheromone Component

Containment and concentration of infestations of the western balsam bark beetle, Dryocoetes confusus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), using the aggregation pheromone exo-brevicomin

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur J. Stock ◽  
J.H. Borden ◽  
T.L. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Aggregation Pheromone ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Nearest Neighbour ◽  
Subalpine Forests ◽  
Subalpine Fir ◽  
Neighbour Distance ◽  
Dryocoetes Confusus ◽  
And Control

Containment and concentration of infestations of the western balsam bark beetle, Dryocoetes confusus Swaine, was demonstrated when (±)-exo-brevicomin released at 0.4 mg/24 h was applied to single subalpine firs, Abieslasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt., on a 50-m grid over 9-ha blocks, or released at 0.8 mg (24 h/tree)−1 applied to two trees at 50-m centres over the central 4 ha of 16-ha blocks. Nearest-neighbour distance between red trees and newly mass-attacked trees was 24 m in the central 4 ha of baited 16-ha blocks, compared with 13.8 m in control blocks, suggesting a movement of beetles away from "normal" attack centres. Treatments with exo-brevicomin at two trees per spot concentrated 89% of newly mass-attacked trees within 10 m of baited trees, clearly indicating the potential for semiochemical-based management of D. confusus. Within-stand distribution of attacked trees was highly aggregated (Clark–Evans test), in both treated and control blocks. The highly aggregated pattern of attack in control blocks could have been a product of stand structure, and it is hypothesized that D. confusus plays a role in the regeneration of its host by initiating small gaps that favour subalpine fir reproduction. If so, there is potential for using semiochemicals to manipulate D. confusus populations within a patch or selection logging system to maintain cover in climax subalpine forests.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Two Pheromone Baits for Containment and Concentration of Attack by the Western Balsam Bark Beetle, Dryocoetes confusus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole L. Jeans-Williams ◽  
John H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Aggregation Pheromone ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Stand Management ◽  
Dryocoetes Confusus

Abstract In past studies, the greatest response by the western balsam bark beetle Dryocoetes confusus Swaine (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to traps and baited trees was obtained with blend of (+)-exo- and (±)-endo-brevicomin, which mimic the natural male-produced aggregation pheromone. We conducted a tree-baiting experiment to determine whether low-release enantiospecific blends [9:1 (+) exo-brevicomin:(+)-endo-brevicomin, or 9:2 (+)-exo-brevicomin: (±)-endo-brevicomin released at 0.3, 0.1, or 0.03 mg/day] could compete with or improve the efficacy of the standard (±)-exo-brevicomin bait released at 1.2 mg/day. In this experiment, the standard and experimental baits were almost 90% effective in inducing attack by D. confusus. Two subsequent 9-ha block experiments compared the ability of the standard and 9:2 (+)-exo-brevicomin:(±)-endo-brevicomin baits to contain and concentrate infestations before harvesting. Again, both baits were equally effective as potential stand management tools based on almost 100% attack on baited trees, green-to-red tree ratios between 3:1 and 5:1, and redistribution of the majority of attack around baited rather than red trees from which beetles could emerge. We recommend that the standard bait continue to be offered commercially for treatment of stands infested by D. confusus.

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