A REVISION OF THE GENUS TACHYPORUS GRAVENHORST (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE) OF NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (S109) ◽  
pp. 1-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Central America ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central American ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Diagnostic Key ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe 35 species of the genus Tachyporus Gravenhorst (Staphylindae: Tachyporinae) of North and Central America are revised. Eighteen new species are described: neomexicanus, fenyesi, and howdenorum from the southwestern United States; sharpi from Mexico and the western United States; blomae from Mexico; nigripennis from California; dimorphus, pacificus, and stacesmithi from the Pacific northwest; rulomoides and browni from southeastern Canada and the northeastern United States; and borealis, canadensis, nimbicola, inornatus, ornatus, lecontei, and flavipennis, which are transcontinental in the United States and Canada. Two European species are reported for the first time from North America: abdominalis (Fabricius) and transversalis Gravenhorst. The following new specific synonymy is proposed: tehamae Blackwelder (= californicus Horn); temacus Blackwelder, oregonus Blackwelder, and alleni Blackwelder (= mexicanus Sharp); and acaudus Say, maculipennis LeConte, and chrysomelinus var. infuscatus Bernhauer (= jocosus Say). The genus is divided into 2 subgenera of which Palporus (type species Staphylinus nitidulus Fabricius) is described as new. The subgenus Tachyporus is divided into 12 species groups. Each species is described and its distribution is mapped. The male aedeagus and the pattern of elytral chaetotaxy are illustrated for each species. Major generic characters are illustrated with the aid of scanning electron photomicrographs. Neotypes are designated for the Say species faber, jocosus, and acaudus and lectotypes are designated (when needed) for the North and Central American species described by Erichson, LeConte, Horn, Sharp, and Blatchley and for a variety described by Bernhauer. A diagnostic key for all the species is given.

scholarly journals A review of North and Central American Paragrilus Saunders, 1871 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Agrilinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
HENRY A. HESPENHEIDE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Central America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central American ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Species Groups

The buprestid genus Paragrilus Saunders, 1871 is reviewed for North and Central America. Of 18 species that are recognized, six are described as new: P. akersi, P. burkei, P. heliocarpi, P. moldenkei, P. fallorum, and P. azureus. Species fall into three species groups, the P. rugatulus group, the P. trifoveolatus group, and the P. aeraticollis group. Four species are considered to occur in the United States: P. burkei, P. lesueuri Waterhouse, P. rugatulus Thomson, and P. tenuis (LeConte). A key is given to separate species. Lectotypes are designated for P. laevicollis Waterhouse and P. trifoveolatus Waterhouse. All known adult hosts are in the Malvales (families Malvaceae, Sterculiaceae and Tiliaceae), two species have been reared (P. lesueuri and P. tenuis), and four species of the P. rugatulus group are known to associate with the genus Sida in the family Malvaceae.

scholarly journals First record of Euxestonotus error (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) in the Pacific Northwest, United States of America

2016 ◽  
Vol 148 (5) ◽  
pp. 616-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.R. Echegaray ◽  
R.N. Stougaard ◽  
B. Bohannon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
First Record ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sitodiplosis Mosellana ◽  
Wheat Midge ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Northwestern Montana

AbstractEuxestonotus error (Fitch) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) is considered part of the natural enemy complex of the wheat midge Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Although previously reported in the United States of America, there is no record for this species outside the state of New York since 1865. A survey conducted in the summer of 2015 revealed that E. error is present in northwestern Montana and is likely playing a role in the suppression of wheat midge populations.

War stimulus: The Japanese threat and rebirth of the North America Pacific Coast shipbuilding industry, 1937-1946

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 382-411
Author(s):  
Chris Madsen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pearl Harbor ◽  
Shipbuilding Industry ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Strategic Procurement

Henry Eccles, in classic studies on logistics, describes the dynamics of strategic procurement in the supply chain stretching from home countries to military theatres of operations. Naval authorities and industrialists concerned with Japanese aggression before and after Pearl Harbor looked towards developing shipbuilding capacity on North America’s Pacific Coast. The region turned into a volume producer of merchant vessels, warships and auxiliaries destined for service in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Shipbuilding involved four broad categories of companies in the United States and Canada that enabled the tremendous production effort.

The United States and the Rise of General Maximiliano Hernández Martínez

1971 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Grieb
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
American Politics ◽  
State Department ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Central American ◽  
Coup D'etat ◽  
The Military

The militarycoup d'étatwhich installed General Maximiliano Hernández Martínez as President of El Salvador during December 1931 created a crisis involving the 1923 Washington Treaties. By the terms of these accords, the Central American nadons had pledged to withhold recognition from governments seizing power through force in any of the isthmian republics. Although not a signatory of the treaty, the United States based its recognition policy on this principle. Through this means the State Department had attempted to impose some stability in Central America, by discouraging revolts. With the co-operation of the isthmian governments, United States diplomats endeavored to bring pressure to bear on the leaders of any uprising, to deny them the fruits of their victory, and thus reduce the constant series ofcoupsandcounter-coupsthat normally characterized Central American politics.

Central American integration through infrastructure development: A case study of Costa Rican hydropower

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denielle M. Perry ◽  
Kate A. Berry
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Central America ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Central American ◽  
Infrastructure Development

At the turn of the 21st century, protectionist policies in Latin America were largely abandoned for an agenda that promoted free trade and regional integration. Central America especially experienced an increase in international, interstate, and intraregional economic integration through trade liberalization. In 2004, such integration was on the agenda of every Central American administration, the U.S. Congress, and Mexico. The Plan Puebla-Panama (PPP) and the Central America Integrated Electricity System (SIEPAC), in particular, aimed to facilitate the success of free trade by increasing energy production and transmission on a unifi ed regional power grid (Mesoamerica, 2011). Meanwhile, for the United States, a free trade agreement (FTA) with Central America would bring it a step closer to realizing a hemispheric trade bloc while securing market access for its products. Isthmus states considered the potential for a Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) with the United States, their largest trading partner, as an opportunity to enter the global market on a united front. A decade and a half on, CAFTA, PPP, and SIEPAC are interwoven, complimentary initiatives that exemplify a shift towards increased free trade and development throughout the region. As such, to understand one, the other must be examined.

“How Can We Catch Fire?”

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-143
Author(s):  
Melanie C. Ross
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African American ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Kingdom Of God ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
Influence At Work ◽  
Vineyard Movement

Chapter 5 explores the Vineyard movement, one of the fastest-growing church movements in the United States, which is committed to holding together the “already” and “not yet” of the Kingdom of God in worship. In addition to looking for a dramatic, miraculous inbreaking of the Holy Spirit, there is a less dramatic but equally formative influence at work in worship: the Quaker notion of “gospel order” and its accompanying understanding of ethics. These commitments are tested at “Koinonia Vineyard,” a congregation located in the Pacific Northwest, where one African American member wrestles with her vision of activism and her Caucasian pastor’s desire for the congregation to remain politically neutral during a time of national racial unrest.

Integrated Control of Rush Skeletonweed (Chondrilla juncea) in the Western U.S.

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 2-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Rush Skeletonweed ◽  
Eurasian Species ◽  
Eastern Seaboard ◽  
Chondrilla Juncea

Rush skeletonweed (Chondrilla junceaL. CHOJU) infestations occur along the eastern seaboard and in several western states of the United States. This Eurasian species was inadvertently introduced prior to 1870, with established stands first reported in Maryland and West Virginia (16). These infestations (16) were assessed as lacking aggressive characteristics and posed little threat as a problem weed. Although rush skeletonweed was discovered in the Pacific Northwest as early as 1938, the species was not recognized as a potential weed problem until nearly three decades later (27). Subsequent surveys revealed that infestations occupied over 2.3 million ha in California, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington (6). Attempts to generate support for an organized control program in Idaho were met with little enthusiasm during the 1960's.

scholarly journals Genomic Variation and Evolution of Vibrio parahaemolyticus ST36 over the Course of a Transcontinental Epidemic Expansion

mBio ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Martinez-Urtaza ◽  
Ronny van Aerle ◽  
Michel Abanto ◽  
Julie Haendiges ◽  
Robert A. Myers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Northeast Coast

ABSTRACT Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of seafood-related infections with illnesses undergoing a geographic expansion. In this process of expansion, the most fundamental change has been the transition from infections caused by local strains to the surge of pandemic clonal types. Pandemic clone sequence type 3 (ST3) was the only example of transcontinental spreading until 2012, when ST36 was detected outside the region where it is endemic in the U.S. Pacific Northwest causing infections along the U.S. northeast coast and Spain. Here, we used genome-wide analyses to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the V. parahaemolyticus ST36 clone over the course of its geographic expansion during the previous 25 years. The origin of this lineage was estimated to be in ~1985. By 1995, a new variant emerged in the region and quickly replaced the old clone, which has not been detected since 2000. The new Pacific Northwest (PNW) lineage was responsible for the first cases associated with this clone outside the Pacific Northwest region. After several introductions into the northeast coast, the new PNW clone differentiated into a highly dynamic group that continues to cause illness on the northeast coast of the United States. Surprisingly, the strains detected in Europe in 2012 diverged from this ancestral group around 2000 and have conserved genetic features present only in the old PNW lineage. Recombination was identified as the major driver of diversification, with some preliminary observations suggesting a trend toward a more specialized lifestyle, which may represent a critical element in the expansion of epidemics under scenarios of coastal warming. IMPORTANCE Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae represent the only two instances of pandemic expansions of human pathogens originating in the marine environment. However, while the current pandemic of V. cholerae emerged more than 50 years ago, the global expansion of V. parahaemolyticus is a recent phenomenon. These modern expansions provide an exceptional opportunity to study the evolutionary process of these pathogens at first hand and gain an understanding of the mechanisms shaping the epidemic dynamics of these diseases, in particular, the emergence, dispersal, and successful introduction in new regions facilitating global spreading of infections. In this study, we used genomic analysis to examine the evolutionary divergence that has occurred over the course of the most recent transcontinental expansion of a pathogenic Vibrio, the spreading of the V. parahaemolyticus sequence type 36 clone from the region where it is endemic on the Pacific coast of North America to the east coast of the United States and finally to the west coast of Europe. IMPORTANCE Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae represent the only two instances of pandemic expansions of human pathogens originating in the marine environment. However, while the current pandemic of V. cholerae emerged more than 50 years ago, the global expansion of V. parahaemolyticus is a recent phenomenon. These modern expansions provide an exceptional opportunity to study the evolutionary process of these pathogens at first hand and gain an understanding of the mechanisms shaping the epidemic dynamics of these diseases, in particular, the emergence, dispersal, and successful introduction in new regions facilitating global spreading of infections. In this study, we used genomic analysis to examine the evolutionary divergence that has occurred over the course of the most recent transcontinental expansion of a pathogenic Vibrio, the spreading of the V. parahaemolyticus sequence type 36 clone from the region where it is endemic on the Pacific coast of North America to the east coast of the United States and finally to the west coast of Europe.

scholarly journals Verticillium Wilt in Spinach Seed Production

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey J. du Toit ◽  
Mike L. Derie ◽  
Pablo Hernandez-Perez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Systemic Movement ◽  
The Pacific

There are no previous reports of Verticillium wilt in fresh and processing spinach (Spinacia oleracea) crops in the United States. In 2002, a hybrid spinach seed crop in the Pacific Northwest developed late-season wilt symptoms. Assays of the harvested seed and stock seed of the male and female parents revealed 59.5, 44.0, and 1.5%, respectively, were infected with Verticillium dahliae. Assays of 13 stock or commercial seed lots grown in 2002 and 62 commercial lots harvested in 2003 in Denmark, Holland, New Zealand, and the United States revealed the prevalence of Verticillium spp. in commercial spinach seed. Sixty-eight lots (89%) were infected with Verticillium spp. at incidences ranging from 0.3 to 84.8%. Five spinach seed isolates of V. dahliae were pathogenic on each of three spinach cultivars by root-dip inoculation. V. dahliae was detected on 26.4% of the seed from 7 of 11 inoculated plants but on none of the seed from 6 control plants, demonstrating systemic movement of V. dahliae. Seed-to-seed transmission was also demonstrated by planting naturally infected seed lots. This is the first report of Verticillium wilt of spinach in the primary region of spinach seed production in the United States.

Immigration Restrictions and International Education: Early Tensions in the Pacific Northwest, 1890s-1910s

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-294
Author(s):  
Krystyn R. Moon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
International Education ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Chinese Students ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal Policies ◽  
European Americans ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Preparatory Schools

This essay explores the experiences and debates surrounding preparatory schools for Chinese students in the United States at the turn of the twentieth century. These institutions attempted to expand educational opportunities for poorer Chinese students who might otherwise not have had a chance to go to school; however, most of these children also had families in the United States, who supported their children's education but also needed their help to sustain their families. American laws banned most forms of Chinese immigration, and families had to carefully maneuver through federal policies to enter the country as students, often turning to European Americans-who were invested in expanding U.S. involvement in China-for support. Because of anti-Chinese sentiments, consular and immigration authorities questioned these programs, making them difficult to sustain. Ultimately, the interactions between immigration and consular officials, education boosters, and Chinese students were integral to the development of preparatory schools for other international students in the twentieth century.

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