THE EFFECTS OF PHOTOPERIOD, TEMPERATURE, AND FOOD SUPPLY ON RATE OF DEVELOPMENT AND DIAPAUSE IN COCCINELLA NOVEMNOTATA,

1967 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 578-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. McMullen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Gonad Maturation ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe optimum temperature for rate of development and survival of immature stages of Coccinella novemnotata Herbst was found to lie between 70° and 80°F. Different photoperiods between 10 and 18 hours per day did not influence rate of development or survival. With a 16-hour photoperiod the mean number of eggs laid per female and mean longevity of females were greater at 70° than at 80°F, but not significantly so. At 90°F egg production was sharply curtailed and most eggs produced were infertile, probably due to inactivation of sperm in the male. Photoperiods of 10, 12, and 18 hours per day induced diapause in a large percentage of adult females; intermediate photoperiods of 14 and 16 hours per day were much less effective. Low temperature and lesser amounts of food available to adult females increased the effectiveness of the short and the long photoperiods for inducing diapause. The stage susceptible to induction of diapause, or conversely the initiation of gonad maturation, was determined to be the young adult from emergence to 7 days of age. The results of experimental data are related to a field study of the biology of this insect in California.

The Growth and Development of Caltha introloba F. Muell. II. The Regulation of Germination, Growth and Photosynthesis by Temperature

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
IF Wardlow ◽  
MW Moncur ◽  
CJ Totterdell
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Root System ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Snow Melt ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Tap Root ◽  
Crown Tissue ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Maximum Temperatures

The germination of seeds of Caltha introloba F. Muell. on water was very slow with a lag time of 40-60 days. The optimum temperature for germination varied from 22-27°C and germination was very poor in the range from 0-15°C. Stratification of seeds at low temperature (1-2°C) for a period of 4 months, or treatment of the seeds with 3 × 10-4M GA3, more than halved the lag time for germination and considerably enhanced both the rate of germination and the extent of germination under low tempera- ture (0-15°C) conditions. It was concluded that C. introloba seed shed in the summer is unlikely to germinate in the short alpine herb field areas until after snow melt in the following spring. The optimum temperature for both growth and photosynthesis was approximately 15°C, which is close to the mean maximum temperatures for the summer months. Active photosynthesis however was observed at 0°C and therefore could occur throughout the year, except when the plants are covered by snow. Two important features in the establishment and growth of C. introloba appear to be the develop- ment of a deeply penetrating tap root system and the accumulation of carbohydrate reserves in the leaves and crown tissue.

INITIAL STAGES OF GROWTH OF IRON ON Ag(100) AT LOW TEMPERATURE

1997 ◽  
Vol 04 (06) ◽  
pp. 1245-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. CANEPA ◽  
P. CANTINI ◽  
S. TERRENI ◽  
L. MATTERA
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Linear Dependence ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Beam Spot ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Dimensional Growth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

The initial stages of growth of Fe on a well-defined single crystal Ag(100) surface have been investigated by means of thermal energy helium diffraction. We report on specular beam spot profiles obtained at 0.5 monolayer for several temperatures of deposition in the range of 135–300 K. Typical sidebands ("satellites") in diffraction patterns allow one to estimate the mean separation <L> between islands. Experimental data in the range of 135–228 K show a linear dependence of ln < L> as a function of the inverse of the temperature of deposition, while at higher temperatures a clear deviation from this law is found, indicating a change in the regime of growth. The nucleation of small islands turns out to be the factor which favors two-dimensional growth at low temperature.

Immature Stages and Biology of Apateticus cynicus (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 770-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Jones ◽  
H. C. Coppel
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Antennal Segment ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Diprion Similis ◽  
Population Reduction ◽  
Mature Period

AbstractThe egg and five nymphal stages of Apateticus cynicus (Say) are described and illustrated. The nymphal stages can be separated on the basis of head-capsule width, no overlap being encountered in the specimens studied. The overall growth rate was uniform. Varying growth rates were recorded for each antennal segment. Segment one remained the shortest throughout, whereas segment four, the longest in the first stage, became shorter than segment three by the fifth stage. The second segment increased in length from 0.25 to 2.78 mm.Apateticus cynicus has one generation each year and overwinters in the egg stage in Wisconsin. Females deposit 1-3 egg batches with an average of 57.12 eggs per batch. Hatching in the laboratory took 14 days at approximately 22 °C. The average number of days spent in each of the five instars was 5.08, 5.27, 5.33, 5.0, and 9.5 respectively. Adult females lived up to 163 days and males to 180 days in the laboratory. The effectiveness of A. cynicus in the population reduction of Diprion similis (Htg.) larvae is unknown. Though a large insect and a voracious feeder throughout its immature and mature period, it has low egg production, is univoltine, and overwinters in the vulnerable egg stage, usually on the tree.

Seeking the Good Fitting Procedure of PALS Polymer Spectra

2008 ◽  
Vol 607 ◽  
pp. 64-66
Author(s):  
Nicolas Laforest ◽  
Jérémie De Baerdemaeker ◽  
Corine Bas ◽  
Charles Dauwe
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Positron Annihilation ◽  
Physical Meaning ◽  
Lifetime Measurements ◽  
Positron Annihilation Lifetime ◽  
Fitting Procedure ◽  
Fitting Procedures ◽  
Blob Model

Positron annihilation lifetime measurements on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) at low temperature were performed. Different discrete fitting procedures have been used to analyze the experimental data. It shows that the extracted parameters depend strongly on the fitting procedure. The physical meaning of the results is discussed. The blob model seems to give the best annihilation parameters.

scholarly journals Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Sustainable Highway and Road System

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Md Arifuzzaman ◽  
Muhammad Aniq Gul ◽  
Kaffayatullah Khan ◽  
S. M. Zakir Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Adhesion Force ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Bayesian Optimization ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Bayesian Optimization Algorithm ◽  
The Mean

There are several environmental factors such as temperature differential, moisture, oxidation, etc. that affect the extended life of the modified asphalt influencing its desired adhesive properties. Knowledge of the properties of asphalt adhesives can help to provide a more resilient and durable asphalt surface. In this study, a hybrid of Bayesian optimization algorithm and support vector regression approach is recommended to predict the adhesion force of asphalt. The effects of three important variables viz., conditions (fresh, wet and aged), binder types (base, 4% SB, 5% SB, 4% SBS and 5% SBS), and Carbon Nano Tube doses (0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%) on adhesive force are taken into consideration. Real-life experimental data (405 specimens) are considered for model development. Using atomic force microscopy, the adhesive strength of nanoscales of test specimens is determined according to functional groups on the asphalt. It is found that the model predictions overlap with the experimental data with a high R2 of 90.5% and relative deviation are scattered around zero line. Besides, the mean, median and standard deviations of experimental and the predicted values are very close. In addition, the mean absolute Error, root mean square error and fractional bias values were found to be low, indicating the high performance of the developed model.

scholarly journals Effects of Temperature on the Flow and Heat Transfer in Gel Fuels: A Numerical Study

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 821
Author(s):  
Qin-Liu Cao ◽  
Wei-Tao Wu ◽  
Wen-He Liao ◽  
Feng Feng ◽  
Mehrdad Massoudi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Straight Pipe ◽  
Heating Wall ◽  
Supply Pressure ◽  
Flow And Heat Transfer ◽  
The Mean

In general, rheological properties of gelled fuels change dramatically when temperature changes. In this work, we investigate flow and heat transfer of water-gel in a straight pipe and a tapered injector for non-isothermal conditions, which mimic the situations when gelled fuels are used in propulsion systems. The gel-fluid is modeled as a non-Newtonian fluid, where the viscosity depends on the shear rate and the temperature; a correlation fitted with experimental data is used. For the fully developed flow in a straight pipe with heating, the mean apparent viscosity at the cross section when the temperature is high is only 44% of the case with low temperature; this indicates that it is feasible to control the viscosity of gel fuel by proper thermal design of pipes. For the flow in the typical tapered injector, larger temperature gradients along the radial direction results in a more obvious plug flow; that is, when the fuel is heated the viscosity near the wall is significantly reduced, but the effect is not obvious in the area far away from the wall. Therefore, for the case of the tapered injector, as the temperature of the heating wall increases, the mean apparent viscosity at the outlet decreases first and increases then due to the high viscosity plug formed near the channel center, which encourages further proper design of the injector in future. Furthermore, the layer of low viscosity near the walls plays a role similar to lubrication, thus the supply pressure of the transport system is significantly reduced; the pressure drop for high temperature is only 62% of that of low temperature. It should be noticed that for a propellent system the heating source is almost free; therefore, by introducing a proper thermal design of the transport system, the viscosity of the gelled fuel can be greatly reduced, thus reducing the power input to the supply pressure at a lower cost.

Fate of Selected Pathogens Inoculated into Foods Prepared in Slow Cookers1,2

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 872-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. RITTER ◽  
J. O'LEARY ◽  
B. E. LANGLOIS
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Vegetative Cells ◽  
Salmonella Choleraesuis ◽  
Navy Beans ◽  
The Mean

Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens. Salmonella choleraesuis, and Salmonella typhimurium were inoculated (108 cells or spores) into two slow cookers containing green bean casserole, baked navy beans, chicken cacciatore, barbecued ribs or pork pot roast, and their fate determined after cooking. Heating patterns also were determined at three positions inside the two cookers. None of the foods cooked in either of the slow cookers contained detectable levels of S. aureus or salmonellae. The similarity between C. perfringens vegetative and spore counts indicate that only spores were present in the cooked foods. Except for the green bean casserole cooked using a low temperature setting, cooking resulted in a 0.44–1.67 and 0.36–1.54 log count reduction, respectively, of vegetative cells and spores of C. perfringens. Counts of vegetative cells and spores after cooking the green bean casserole were approximately .18 and .30 log counts higher than the uncooked counts. The mean times for the coldest areas in Cooker A to reach 50 C were 2.57 and 0.97 h, respectively, for the low (80 watts) and high (160 watts) temperature settings. The mean times for the coldest areas in Cooker B (removable liner) to reach 50 C were 2.35 and 0.52 h for the low (130 watts) and high (260 watts) temperature settings, respectively. Results suggest that when the recommended quantities of ingredients are used and the proper cooking procedure followed, foods prepared in the slow cookers studied do not present a health hazard.

scholarly journals Low-temperature thermal hydrolysis of sludge prior to anaerobic digestion: principal component analysis (PCA) of experimental data

Data in Brief ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107323
Author(s):  
Mohamed N.A. Meshref ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Mirsoleimani Azizi ◽  
Wafa Dastyar ◽  
Rasha Maal-Bared ◽  
Bipro Ranjan Dhar
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Thermal Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of
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