Transmission of Virus in Tent Caterpillar Populations

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 1100-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Stairs
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

AbstractThe transmission of nuclear polyhedrosis virus in populations of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria (Hübner), was studied in Sudbury district, Ontario. Virus was transmitted from generation to generation by infected adults. Their progeny died from virus disease during the second and third larval instars. Adult flies of Sarcophaga aldrichi Parker, a dipterous parasite, were attracted to these dead, diseased larvae, became contaminated with virus, and spread the virus to foliage on which healthy larvae were feeding. The importance of these disseminating agents in the development of virus epizootics is discussed.

Dissemination of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus against the Forest Tent Caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 1017-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon R. Stairs
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

AbstractA nuclear polyhedrosis virus was disseminated into field populations of an incipient outbreak of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria (Hübner). Mortality varied with the concentration of virus used and the age of larvae at the time of spraying. Larvae showed symptoms of infection more rapidly when sprayed with the higher concentrations and secondary infection and mortality occurred in areas where initial mortality developed during the early larval stages.

PATHOGENICITY OF ANUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS TO FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR, MALACOSOMA DISSTRIA (HÜBNER) (LEPIDOPTERA: LASIOCAMPIDAE)

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Ebling ◽  
W.J. Kaupp
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

The forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hiibner, is widely distributed throughout North America and is subject to a variety of naturally occurring infectious diseases, including a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV). NPVs have been isolated from several Malacosoma species in North America and Europe, including M. disstria, M. neustria, M. americanum, M. fragile, M. alpicola, M. californicum, M. pluviale, and M. constrictum (Stairs 1964). The viruses isolated from all North American species of Malacosoma may be cross transmitted from one species to another (Clark 1958). Distinctive isolates of NPV have been characterized from populations of M. disstria in Alberta (Keddie and Erlandson 1995) and Ontario (Ebling and Kaupp 1995).

INFECTION AND MORTALITY OF SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA, AND FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR, MALACOSOMA DISSTRIA, CAUSED BY NUCLEAR AND CYTOPLASMIC POLYHEDROSIS VIRUSES

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (12) ◽  
pp. 1269-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. Bird
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

AbstractCytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses are, in general, more infectious to spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), and forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria (Hübner), than the nuclear polyhedrosis viruses which affect these insects. The cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses interfere with and retard development of the nuclear polyhedrosis viruses.Larvae of both insects, as they grow older, develop resistance to both viruses. Resistance develops more rapidly and to a greater degree against the nuclear polyhedrosis than against the cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses.The nuclear polyhedrosis viruses are more lethal than the cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses, and all larvae infected with the nuclear polyhedrosis viruses die except those infected so late in larval development that they are able to pupate. Most young larvae infected with the cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus die or are seriously affected, but infection has progressively less effect as the larvae mature.

YIELD OF OCCLUSION BODIES FROM FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (LEPIDOPTERA: LASIOCAMPIDAE) LARVAE INFECTED WITH A NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Ebling ◽  
W.J. Kaupp
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Occlusion Bodies ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

The forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hübner (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae), is subject to a variety of naturally occurring infectious diseases, including a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (MdNPV) which has been observed to reach epizootic proportions (Stairs 1966; Myers 1993).Because MdNPV is currently available only in limited quantities for small-scale experimentation, production scale-up is vital to it's potential as a biological control agent against the forest tent caterpillar. Viruses replicate only in living cells, therefore it is necessary to produce viral insecticides either in host insect larvae (in vivo) or in susceptible cell cultures (in vitro). Insect cell cultures have not yet been developed so that large-scale production of baculoviruses are feasible (Cunningham 1995), thus in vivo production must be used. To plan for the scale-up of NPV production, it is necessary to establish the yield of occlusion bodies (OBs) from M. disstria larvae. We report here the yield of OBs from four larval instars inoculated with MdNPV, the time to mortality, head capsule widths, and body weights, and recommend larval instars suitable for further research toward commercial-scale production.

Artificial Initiation of Virus Epizootics in Forest Tent Caterpillar Populations

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 1059-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon R. Stairs
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Main Method ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dispersal Agents ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Host Generation ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

AbstractNuclear-polyhedrosis virus, introduced into virus-free populations of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria (Hübner), in 1963, was carried over into the 1964 host generation and was spread into the surrounding areas from the points of introduction. The extent of spread in 1964 appeared to be influenced by the size of the area treated in 1963. In 1964 the epizootics developed slowly during the early instars and reached the highest levels late in the last instar. Many infected larvae crawled to the tops of the trees and died while eggs were being laid, thus, some egg masses were contaminated. This is one means by which virus may be spread from one generation to the next, but egg-transmission by adults appears to be the main method of spread over wide areas. Adults of the dipterous parasite, Sarcophaga aldrichi Park, may be important dispersal agents of disease in localized areas because they feed on virus-diseased larvae and are present from the time larvae enter the third instar until after adults have oviposited.

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