Biology of Pachygonatopus minimus Fenton (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) a Parasite of the Six-spotted Leafhopper, Macrosteles fascifrons (Stål), in Manitoba

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Barrett ◽  
P. H. Westdal ◽  
H. P. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Adult Stage ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Active Feeding

AbstractThe six-spotted leafhopper, Macrosteles fascifrons (Stål), is the only known host of Pachygonatopus minimus Fenton; parasitism has reached 37%. The female adult is also a predator of the leafhopper. In the adult stage of the parasite the sexes differ in form, color and habits; the male is winged and the female wingless. The egg is laid in the abdomen of the host. As the larva develops it protrudes through an intersegmental membrane. There are five larval instars. The first four are sedentary and attached to the host; the fifth is an active feeding stage. The larva spins a cocoon within which it pupates. The period from egg to adult is about 28 days. P. minimus does not provide effective control of the leafhopper.

scholarly journals Effects of Insecticides for Controlling Hogplum Beetle Podontia 14-punctata under Laboratory and Field Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
MJ Uddin ◽  
MMH Khan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Field Condition ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Laboratory Trial ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hog Plum

Experiments on hogplum beetle, Podontia 14-punctata were carried out to find out the suitable insecticide(s) with appropriate dose(s) for suppressing both larvae and adults. Results revealed that the highest mortality (100%) was found in 1st instar larvae after 24 hours at each dose of superior 505EC and the lowest mortality was in T4 treated leaves. The highest mortality was also found in 2nd, 3rd, 4th and adult stages of hog-plum beetle by T5 and T6 treatments. No mortality was observed in control treatment in laboratory trial. The mean number of larvae ranged from 1.5 to 7.6 per square meter of quadrate at one week after last spray. No significant difference was observed among treatments regarding percent leaf infestation at one day before 1st spray. The percent leaf infestation ranged from 5.01 to 9.82 at one week after last spray. The lowest percent (5.87%) leaf infestation was found in T6 treated plants while the highest percent (15.76%) leaf infestation was found in untreated control plants. The highest mortality was observed in T5 and T6 treated plants at all larval instars and no significant difference was found between two doses of each insecticide under field condition. The results of field trial also revealed that the minimum dose (0.75 ml L-1 of water) of Superior 505 EC is sufficient to suppress the field population of larvae and adults of Podontia 14-punctata effectively. Finally, it may be concluded that the highest mortality was found in all larval instars and adult stage of hog-plum beetle after 24 hours at each dose of superior 505 EC (T5 and T6 treatments) both in laboratory and field trials.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(1): 79-83 2015

Description of life cycle and preimaginal stages of Alecton discoidalis Laporte, 1833 (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) under laboratory conditions

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4816 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
ORMAILY MADRUGA ◽  
MARC A. BRANHAM
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
General Body ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Preimaginal Stages ◽  
Terrestrial Snails ◽  
Western Half

Alecton discoidalis Laporte, 1833 is the most widespread species of the only firefly genus endemic to Cuba. It is commonly found in limestone landscapes across the western half of the country. Larvae of A. discoidalis were collected at Pan de Matanzas and reared through the adult stage under laboratory conditions. Larvae were fed mainly terrestrial snails from the families Potamiidae and Helicinidae. Alecton discoidalis underwent between four and eight larval instars. Females had more larval instars than males likely due to the need to gain more body mass for egg production. Eggs, larvae and pupae are described and illustrated, with emphasis on general body shape, as well as details of the larval head, antennae and mouthparts. Alecton discoidalis females are both brachypterous and physogastric. 

scholarly journals Studi Biologi Hama Kutu Putih Pepaya Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococadea)

AGRICA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
Gregorius O Leta ◽  
Yustina Maria Silvia Wonga Puu ◽  
Imaculata Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Development Phase ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Average Fecundity ◽  
Average Development

The goal of this research was to understand the biology of P. marginatus, a common pest for papaya plants.  This research used 1 type of treatment which was repeated 10 times. The results of this research were intended to illustrate the average development time of each development phase of P. marginatus.  These phases were: the egg phase (6 days), the female nymph phase (10 days),  the male nymph phase (17 days), female adult stage (11 days), male adult stage (3 days).  On average, the female life cycle was 27 days, and the male life cycle was 26 days.  On average, the pre-fertile stage lasted 4 days, the fertile stage lasted 6 days and the post fertile stage lasted 1 day. On average the pre-egg-laying adult stage lasted 4 days, the egg-laying adult stage lasted 6 days and the post-egg-laying stage lasted 1 day.  After the egg-laying stage, the average fecundity of P. marginatus was 370 eggs per female and from these, a total of 350 offspring were hatched per individual.  The ratio of surviving Descendents to reproductive couples of P. marginatus white lice was 9:1.

Revision of the genus Leptohyphes Eaton (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae) in North and Central America

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2360 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. BAUMGARDNER ◽  
W. P. MCCAFFERTY
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Central American ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Taxonomic Key ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Central American Species

Changes to the taxonomy of North and Central America Leptohyphes (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae) include the following. Leptohyphes ferruginus and L. apache are revalidated. The adult stage of L. ferruginus is diagnosed based upon subimagos and a reared female adult and a partially emerged male adult. Leptohyphes piraticus is placed as a junior synonym of L. ferruginus. Leptohyphes vulturnus and L. zelus are shown to be junior synonyms of L. zalope. Leptohyphes hispidus, L. lumas, L. spiculatus, and L. succinus are placed as junior synonyms of L. apache. Leptohyphes castaneus, L. tarsos, and L. consortis are placed as junior synonyms of L. sabinas. Leptohyphes brunneus is placed as a junior synonym of L. musseri. Leptohyphes lestes is newly reported from the USA. Numerous problems and errors asssociated with original descriptions of Leptohyphes species are discussed. A taxonomic key is presented to all known larval stages of North and Central American species of Leptohyphes.

scholarly journals Beberapa Aspek Biologi Parasitoid Apantheles sp pada Inangnya, Spodopera litura, Fab. setelah Perlakuan Ekstrak Daun dan Ranting Aglaia odorata (Lour)

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Udi Tarwotjo
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Adult Parasitoid ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Leaf Disks

The objectives of this study were to evaluate effect of leaf and branch extract of the Aglaia odorata against:  emergences of adult Apantheles sp emerged from S. litura larvae, (2) the extract effect to live cycle and reproduction of  Apantheles sp (3) and its effect against the  morphology character some of parasitoid. The metode was used by of leaf-dip method. The leaf and branch effectivity bioassay used by of Ricinus communis leaf . The leaf disk were dipped in the extract solution on six concentration  for 10 s, and air dried. Each leaf disks was placed  six bottles glass and ten larvae were placed in each botlle, each concentration was replicated four time. Data collected  were subjected an anaysis of variance followed by mean comparation based of Duncan´t New Multiple Range Test. The imago Apantheles sp. emerged from host, S.  litura larvae was recorded of live cycle, its reproduction, and morphology character. The result showed that the length of pre adult stage of emerging parasitoids from of S.  litura larvae treated with 85,99 ppm was 45 percent, and with 21,95 ppm was 22,22 percent. The extract toxicity to natural enemies such as parasitoids relatively non toxis. The live cycle of female adult parasitoid was 16,90 and 6,20 days. Reproduction capacity of adult female parasitoids of 85,99 mg/L was 69,4 eggs/adult, which was statistically different from control, whereas of 21,95 treatment, it was 65,40 eggs/adult and its was not significant to control. Key words: Aglaia odorata, Lour, Spodoptera litura,, morphology character, Apanteles sp

scholarly journals Rapid Discovery and Detection of Haemaphysalis longicornis through the Use of Passive Surveillance and Collaboration: Building a State Tick-Surveillance Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7980
Author(s):  
Rebecca T. Trout Fryxell ◽  
Dené N. Vann ◽  
Rebecca A. Butler ◽  
Dave J. Paulsen ◽  
Jennifer G. Chandler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Stage ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Passive Surveillance ◽  
Babesia Species ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Theileria Orientalis ◽  
First Time

Between March 2019 and February 2020, Asian long-horned ticks (Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, 1901) were discovered and collected for the first time in one middle and seven eastern Tennessee counties, facilitated by a newly developed passive and collaborative tick-surveillance network. Network collaborators included federal, state, county, university, and private resource personnel working with companion animals, livestock, and wildlife. Specimens were collected primarily from dogs and cattle, with initial detections of female adult stage ticks by stakeholders associated with parasitology positions (e.g., entomologists and veterinary parasitologists). Initial county tick detections were confirmed with morphological and molecular identifications, and then screened for the presence of animal-associated pathogens (Anaplasma marginale, Babesia species, Ehrlichia species, and Theileria orientalis), for which all tests were negative. Herein, we describe the identification and confirmation of these tick specimens as well as other results of the surveillance collaboration.

scholarly journals South American Caenis Stephens (Ephemeroptera, Caenidae), new species and stage descriptions

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1660 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLOS MOLINERI ◽  
PETER MALZACHER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Records ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
New Combination ◽  
South American ◽  
Female Adult

Eight species of Caenis are reported from Argentina, and new records are given for Bolivia, Brazil and Uruguay. The nymphs of five of them are firstly described from reared material: Caenis burmeisteri, C. dominguezi, C. gonseri, C. tenella new combination, and C. ludicra. Female adult stage of all these species (except C. tenella) are also firstly described. The new combination Caenis tenella is proposed, and the name Caenis grimi is here treated as a junior synonym of it. Caenis uruzu new species is described from male imagos and nymphs. New distributional records from Argentina and Uruguay are given. Diagnosis and illustrations to distinguish all the treated species from other Caenis species are proposed. A key to adults and nymphs from Argentinean species of Caenis is provided.

scholarly journals Biological aspects of Cyclocephala tucumana Brethes, 1904 and Cyclocephala melanocephala (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerson Aler de Lima Nogueira ◽  
Sérgio Roberto Rodrigues ◽  
Elison Floriano Tiago
Keyword(s):  
Adult Stage ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Embryonic Period ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Plastic Containers ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

The studies were conducted on the biological aspects of Cyclocephala tucumana Brethes, 1904 and C. melanocephala (Fabricius, 1775) in Aquidauana, MS, Brazil. From January to December 2009 a light trap was installed to make collections of adults of C. tucumana and from January 2010 to February 2011 for collections of adults of C. melanocephala, at the experimental farm of the Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul. Adults were maintained in plastic containers with soil and complete plants of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf cv. Basilisk to oviposition and start biological studies. Adults of C. tucumana were collected from September to November in the field; the embryonic period lasted on average 14.7 days, and the first, second and third larval instars lasted 47.7, 66.1 and 78.6 days, respectively. Pre-pupa and pupa phases lasted 98.2 and 15.1 days, respectively, and longevity of the adults was 13.3 days. From the egg to adult stage of C. tucumana was a period of average 211.2 days. Adults of C. melanocephala were collected from September to October 2010 and February 2011. The embryonic period lasted 17.8 days, and larvae in the first, second and third instars lasted 22.3, 21.0 and 27.0 days, respectively. The pre-pupa stage lasted 11.3 days and pupa phase lasted 13.3 days. The longevity of adults was 26 days, and the cycle from egg to adult lasted 113 days.

Development of Ephestia elutella, Hb. (Lep., Phycitidae) on some natural Foods

1948 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Waloff
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prepupal Stage ◽  
Measuring Head ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Ephestia Elutella ◽  
Natural Foods ◽  
Possible Cause

1. A selected stock bred on middlings and not diapausing at 25°C. was used in these experiments. None of the larvae reared on Manitoba wheat diapaused at 25°C., 70 per cent. R.H.; some diapaused at 21°C. and 17°C., 70 per cent. R.H. At these lower temperatures development was slower, more food by weight was eaten, and the moths were heavier.2. More larval substance by weight was needed to produce a male than a female adult.3. It was possible to subdivide natural foods into 3 groups: (i) Those on which no larvae diapaused at 25°C., 70 per cent. R.H. (ii) Foods on which a fairly low percentage of larvae diapaused at 25°C. 70 per cent. R.H. (iii) Foods on which most, or all of the larvae diapaused at 25°C., 70 per cent. R.H.; these foods were all characterised by a high content of starch. The possible cause is discussed.4. Larvae moult 4 or 5 times on Manitoba wheat at 25°C. 70 per cent. R.H. Most of the larvae developing on this food under warehouse conditions could be allocated to 6 instars. At 25°C., 35·5 per cent. R.H. the number of larval instars is increased— one larva died in 12th instar.5. The growth curves, obtained by measuring head capsules of successive instars roughly follow Dyar's law, although the ratio of increase falls off in the last 2 instars.6. The prepupal stage in E. elutella can be subdivided into five stages, on the basis of withdrawal of ocellar pigment, described in E. kühniella by Kühn and Piepho. Only those prepupae which have reached stages four and five attempt to pupate after the head is ligatured, the other stages remain as “permanent larvae”.

Studies on the Fungal Pathogen of Dutch Elm Disease

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 400-401
Author(s):  
H.M. Mazzone ◽  
G. Wray ◽  
R. Zerillo
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Sabouraud Agar ◽  
Total Inhibition ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Control Plate

The fungal pathogen of the Dutch elm disease (DED), Ceratocystis ulmi (Buisman) C. Moreau, has eluded effective control since its introduction in the United States more than sixty years ago. Our studies on DED include establishing biological control agents against C. ulmi. In this report we describe the inhibitory action of the antibiotic polymyxin B on the causal agent of DED.In screening a number of antibiotics against C. ulmi, we observed that filter paper discs containing 300 units (U) of polymyxin B (Difco Laboratories) per disc, produced zones of inhibition to the fungus grown on potato dextrose agar or Sabouraud agar plates (100mm x 15mm), Fig. 1a. Total inhibition of fungal growth on a plate occurred when agar overlays containing fungus and antibiotic (polymyxin B sulfate, ICN Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) were poured on the underlying agar growth medium. The agar overlays consisted of the following: 4.5 ml of 0.7% agar, 0.5 ml of fungus (control plate); 4.0 ml of 0.7% agar, 0.5 ml of fungus, 0.5 ml of polymyxin B sulfate (77,700 U). Fig. 1, b and c, compares a control plate and polymyxin plate after seven days.

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