The Application of Ecological Principles to Orchard Entomology in Canada

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 348-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. LeRoux
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Precise Measurement ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Ecological Principles ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractA knowledge of ecological principles is essential to the successful development of future research on pest control problems in Canadian orchard entomology. Such knowledge should be especially helpful in spotlighting omissions in past studies as well as indicating new areas of study in the future. In particular, the ecosystem concept should serve not only as a basis for evaluating and bringing together existing data but also as a guide in the collection, integration and interpretation of new data.Our approach should be to study the population dynamics of major arthropod pests in Canadian apple orchards to obtain data of the fundamental kind on natural populations of these species. Since this approach is dependent on precise measurement of the population and its mortality factors, as well as on the mathematical modelling of the data obtained, unambiguous deduction and greater understanding and utilization of the results would then be possible.Examples from a recent eight-year study of the population dynamics of two pest species in Canadian apple orchards reveal that the fundamental approach to pest problems in Canada is both feasible and practical, and that the results can yield considerable insight into the role of mortality factors in population regulation as well as in control of pest stages of economic importance.

University Startup Accelerators: Startup Launchpads or Vehicles for Entrepreneurial Learning?

2020 ◽  
pp. 251512742093175
Author(s):  
Lynn E. Metcalf ◽  
Thomas M. Katona ◽  
Jonathan L. York
Keyword(s):  
Return On Investment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Uniform Structure ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystem ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
The University ◽  
Insight Into

Over the past decade, universities have invested heavily in startup accelerator programs; however, their role in the university entrepreneurial ecosystem is ambiguous. Are university startup accelerators intended to educate or are they created to facilitate business starts and to contribute to regional economic development? In contrast, most private-sector startup accelerators serve a consistent and differentiated role in the entrepreneurial ecosystem—they provide programming and resources to startups to increase the probability of a return on investment. Understanding the role of university startup accelerators is an important precursor to evaluating their impact and whether or not the return is worth the considerable investment. In this study, we poll university accelerator directors to gain their perspective on the role(s) that university startup accelerators play and to identify how they are structured and operated. Our research reveals a fairly uniform structure and mode of operation. While facilitating business starts is a key role for some, it confirms education as the primary role for university startup accelerators. We outline appropriate means of assessing the learning that takes place in accelerator programs, offer insight into how these findings can help accelerator directors deliver on outcomes and demonstrate impact, and propose avenues for future research.

The Influence of Spray Programs on the Fauna of Apple Orchards in Nova Scotia. XI. Effects of Low Dosages of DDT on Predator Populations

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. Lord
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Prey Density ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Laboratory Investigations

The varied interpretations by numerous biologists, of the role of predation in population dynamics have been critically reviewed by Holling (1959) and by Huffaker and Kennett (1956). They conclude that the processes of predation may serve to regulate prey density and disagree with generalizations that minimize the role of predation. This role has been a subject of considerable interest in recent years, notable contributions being the laboratory investigations of Collyer (1958) and Huffaker (1958), and the field studics of Holling (1959).

scholarly journals Effects of Global Climate on Infectious Disease: the Cholera Model

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin K. Lipp ◽  
Anwar Huq ◽  
Rita R. Colwell
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Definition Of

SUMMARY Recently, the role of the environment and climate in disease dynamics has become a subject of increasing interest to microbiologists, clinicians, epidemiologists, and ecologists. Much of the interest has been stimulated by the growing problems of antibiotic resistance among pathogens, emergence and/or reemergence of infectious diseases worldwide, the potential of bioterrorism, and the debate concerning climate change. Cholera, caused by Vibrio cholerae, lends itself to analyses of the role of climate in infectious disease, coupled to population dynamics of pathogenic microorganisms, for several reasons. First, the disease has a historical context linking it to specific seasons and biogeographical zones. In addition, the population dynamics of V. cholerae in the environment are strongly controlled by environmental factors, such as water temperature, salinity, and the presence of copepods, which are, in turn, controlled by larger-scale climate variability. In this review, the association between plankton and V. cholerae that has been documented over the last 20 years is discussed in support of the hypothesis that cholera shares properties of a vector-borne disease. In addition, a model for environmental transmission of cholera to humans in the context of climate variability is presented. The cholera model provides a template for future research on climate-sensitive diseases, allowing definition of critical parameters and offering a means of developing more sophisticated methods for prediction of disease outbreaks.

scholarly journals Novel Insight Into the Development and Function of Hypopharyngeal Glands in Honey Bees

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saboor Ahmad ◽  
Shahmshad Ahmed Khan ◽  
Khalid Ali Khan ◽  
Jianke Li
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Hypopharyngeal Glands ◽  
And Function ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In

Hypopharyngeal glands (HGs) are the most important organ of hymenopterans which play critical roles for the insect physiology. In honey bees, HGs are paired structures located bilaterally in the head, in front of the brain between compound eyes. Each gland is composed of thousands of secretory units connecting to secretory duct in worker bees. To better understand the recent progress made in understanding the structure and function of these glands, we here review the ontogeny of HGs, and the factors affecting the morphology, physiology, and molecular basis of the functionality of the glands. We also review the morphogenesis of HGs in the pupal and adult stages, and the secretory role of the glands across the ages for the first time. Furthermore, recent transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteome analyses have elucidated the potential mechanisms driving the HGs development and functionality. This adds a comprehensive novel knowledge of the development and physiology of HGs in honey bees over time, which may be helpful for future research investigations.

scholarly journals The Role of Microbiome in Cancer Cell Stimulation and Therapy

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-115
Author(s):  
Shahira Hassoubah
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Indigenous Microbiota ◽  
Symbiotic Microbiota ◽  
Insight Into

In recent times, the microbiome has been increasingly recognized as having a hand in various disease states that include cancer as a part. Our commensal and symbiotic microbiota, in addition to pathogens with oncogenesis features, have tumor-suppressive characteristics. Our nutrition and other environmental influences can modulate some microbial species representatives within our digestive system and other systems. The microbiota has recently shown a two-way link to cancer immunotherapy for both the prognosis and the therapeutic aspects. Preclinical results indicated that microbiota modification could be transformed into a novel technique to improve cancer therapy's effectiveness. This article aimed to review recent development in our understanding of the microbiome and its relationship to cancer cells and discuss how the microbiome stimulates cancer and its clinical and therapeutic applications. Such information was selected and extracted from the PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for published data from 2000 to 2020 using relevant keywords containing a combination of terms, including the microbiome, cancer, immune response, immune response, and microbiota. Finally, we concluded that studying the human microbiome is necessary because it provides a thorough understanding of humans' interaction and their indigenous microbiota. The microbiome provides useful insight into future research studies to optimize these species to fight life-threatening diseases such as cancer and has rendered the microbiome a successful cancer treatment strategy.

scholarly journals Outbreaks of Tomostethus nigritus (Fabricius, 1804) (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) on Fraxinus angustifolia ‘Raywood’ in Belgium

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 67-81
Author(s):  
Fons Verheyde ◽  
Geert Sioen
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
Fraxinus Angustifolia ◽  
The City

In Western Europe the ash sawfly Tomostethus nigritus is known to occur at low densities on Fraxinus excelsior and is uncommonly reported as a pest species. However, we show here that outbreaks can occur on non-endemic trees such as F. angustifolia, and that the species is able to spread quickly using city infrastructure. At the visited localities near the city of Ghent, foliage of Fraxinus angustifolia ‘Raywood’ emerged approximately one month earlier than on F. excelsior. At the same time, changed climatic conditions in the last decade, i.e. higher temperatures in March, caused adults to emerge earlier. Synchronicity of the potential hosts and T. nigritus may therefore have altered, playing a crucial role in population dynamics. Future research should aim to confirm if the species dramatically declines in numbers after reaching its peak population level, an effect which was observed in previous studies, but for which there is still no satisfactory explanation.

The Role of Psychological Attachment in Trust Violation and Repair

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Dangaltcheva
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Willingness To Accept ◽  
Trust Development ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Share Information ◽  
Insight Into

Interpersonal trust is the willingness to accept vulnerability based upon positive expectations about another person’s behaviour. A breach in trust occurs when these expectations are not met. Apologies are one way to restore trusting relations and encourage forgiveness. Because past relationships may affect both trust development and forgiveness, I draw on psychological attachment theory for insight into the nature of people’s past relationships. A person may develop one of three attachment styles: secure, anxious, or avoidant. A secure style represents a normal healthy relationship, whereas anxious individuals cling to others and fear rejection and avoidant individuals are self reliant and distance themselves from others. This laboratory experiment tests the extent to which individuals with different attachment styles develop trust with a stranger, change their emotions and reported trust levels after the trust has been violated, and respond to an apology designed to repair trust. To develop trust in the laboratory, participants share information about themselves and complete an obstacle course while blindfolded. Trust violation then occurs during a planned activity early in the experiment, after which half of the participants receive an apology and the other half do not. Questionnaires then assess levels of emotion and trust, which are compared between individuals in the apology and no‐apology conditions. This research may help establish a close relationship between attachment style and trust violation and repair. Future research may look into other ways to repair trust, particularly for insecure individuals who may not respond positively to an apology.

Research on the Physiological Basis of Population Dynamics in Relation to Ecotoxicology

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 21-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
S A. L. M. Kooijman ◽  
A. O. Hanstveit ◽  
N. van der Hoeven
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Nutrient Budgets ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Computer Simulation Studies ◽  
Freshwater Plankton ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In

One of the main obstacles that hampers ecotoxlcology is the poor insight into the relationship between physiological and population dynamics. The role of laboratory experiments, modeling, mathematical analysis and computer simulation studies is discussed in research aiming at this relation. Energy and nutrient budgets of organisms are found to be of vital importance. This paper evaluates the progress that has been made in concrete efforts to work out energy and nutrient budgets for simple freshwater plankton systems stressed by toxic chemicals with different modes of action.

Congressional social media communications: evaluating Senate Twitter usage

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 643-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob R. Straus ◽  
Raymond T. Williams ◽  
Colleen J. Shogan ◽  
Matthew E. Glassman
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Media Communications ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Communications Strategies

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand why some Senators choose to use Twitter more frequently than others. Building on past research, which explored causal factors leading to early congressional adoption, theories about why some Senators use Twitter more frequently in their daily communications strategies are developed. Design/methodology/approach A “power user” score was developed by evaluating each Senator’s clout, interactivity, and originality on Twitter. These scores are then used as the dependent variable in a regression model to evaluate which factors influence Senators becoming Twitter “power users.” Findings The study found that: constituent income is positively correlated with heavy use, but constituent education level is not; the more ideological a Senator is the more he or she will be a Twitter power user; the number of days on Twitter is a significant indicator of advanced Twitter usage; and having staff dedicated to social media is positively correlated with being a Twitter power user. Research limitations/implications All Senators in the second session of the 113th Congress (2014) were evaluated. As such, future research hope to expand the data set to additional Senators or the House of Representatives. Practical implications A better understanding of why some Senators use Twitter more than others allows insight into constituent communications strategies and the potential implications of real-time communication on representation, and the role of accountability between a Senator and his or her constituents. Originality/value The study examines constituent communication by Senators in a new, more interactive medium than previously considered. Additionally, the study places findings about Senator’s constituent communication in the broader context of representation.

scholarly journals Rediscovering Psilocybin as an Antidepressive Treatment Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 985
Author(s):  
Rene Zeiss ◽  
Maximilian Gahr ◽  
Heiko Graf
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
Controversial Topic ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Antidepressive Treatment ◽  
High Treatment ◽  
Insight Into

There has recently been a renewal of interest in psychedelic research on the use of psilocybin in psychiatric treatment and, in particular, for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Several state-of-the-art studies have provided new insight into the mechanisms of action of psilocybin and its therapeutic potential. Nevertheless, many questions remain unanswered. With this review, we provide an overview of the current state of research on the potential mechanisms of psilocybin, its antidepressant potential, and the associated risks and adverse effects, to provide an update on a controversial topic discussed in psychopharmacology. A database search was conducted in Medline including articles on psilocybin over the period of the last 20 years. Despite the promising progress in understanding the mechanisms of psilocybin, the exact antidepressive mechanism and the role of the psychedelic experience remain elusive. The studies included in this review found high treatment effect sizes for psilocybin as an antidepressant. However, the results must be regarded as preliminary due to several limitations. Although the current studies observed no severe adverse events, several questions regarding safety and utility remain and must be subject of future research.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document