Wing Folding in Lepidoptera

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 148-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Sharplin
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Margin ◽  
Anterior Margin ◽  
Effective Length ◽  
Wing Base ◽  
The Third ◽  
Binocular Microscope ◽  
Axillary Sclerites ◽  
Median Plate ◽  
Micrometer Eyepiece ◽  
Wing Folding

The wing folding mechanism was investigated after a detailed study of the wing base morphology had been made (Sharplin, Canad. Ent. 95: 1024; 1121). Living moths were observed with a binocular microscope equipped with a micrometer eyepiece.The first and second axillary sclerites do not move anteroposteriorly; only the distal half of the wing base is involved in wing folding. The folding muscle originates on the pleural ridge and inserts on the third axillary sclerite. The movement of the third axillary is communicated to the bases of the anterior veins through the median plates. The radial plate rotates around the ventral second axillary sclerite which lies underneath the radial bridge at point p, (Fig. 1). Bending cuticle allows the radial bridge to buckle when the wing is folded. The first median plate ( Ml ) rotates about its articulation ( f ) with the dorsal second axillary sclerite. The distal median plate (M2) passes underneath the second cubitus and is fused to the radius. This connection to the radius restricts the backward movement of the second median plate so that point e instead of following the wider arc eg of a circle with its centre at f, must follow the arc cegd drawn about pivot p. The median plates are bent upwards during wing folding and their effective length is shortened so that they can follow the shallow arc epg. When point e is in position g the posterior margin of the median plates is straight, although the anterior margin remains arched causing the median plates to be buckled, (Fig. 2).

A new Species of Lygus infesting Potatoes in Java (Rhynchota, Capsidae)

1923 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-447
Author(s):  
W. E. China
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Posterior Margin ◽  
Anterior Margin ◽  
Pale Yellow ◽  
The Third ◽  
Orange Yellow ◽  
Brownish Black ◽  
Lateral Margins ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
A New Species

Head 0·83 mm. long, shiny orange-yellow, with the clypeus and the adjoining portion of the frons shiny black. Eyes black, prominent, extending laterally beyond the anterior lateral margins of the pronotum. Rostrum brownish black, extending to, but not surpassing, the posterior coxae; lengths of the joints: first 0·53 mm., second 0·76 mm., third 0·4 mm., and fourth 0·6 mm. Antennae brownish black, the third and fourth joints somewhat paler; first joint slightly incrassated, length 0·83 mm., second 2·0 mm., third 1·83 mm., fourth 1 mm. Pronotum shiny orange-yellow, posteriorly somewhat suffered with dark brown; length in middle 1·4 mm., breadth at anterior margin 0·8 mm., at posterior margin 2·0 mm.; sides straight, posterior margin moderately convex. Scutellum shiny black, finely rugosely punctate and regularly covered with pale depressed hairs; length in the middle 1·3 mm. Corium and cuneus similar in colour and pilosity to the scutellum; membrane dark smoky brown, veins shiny black, passing the apex of the abdomen. Sternum: mesostethium and metastethium black, the metastethial orifices and the surrounding areas very pale yellow: undersides of abdomen shiny black, covered with very fine pale hairs. Legs: coaxae blackish brown; femora dirty orange-yellow, suffused at base and apex with brown; tibiae dark brown, armed with fine black spines; tarsi black, strongly pilose.

scholarly journals On Mutillidae parasitic on Glossina morsitans

1916 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Fore Wing ◽  
Posterior Margin ◽  
Anterior Margin ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Apical Margin ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
The Third ◽  
Posterior Pair ◽  
Continuous Band ◽  
Radial Cell

Mutilla glossinae, Turn.Mutilla glossinae, Turner, Bull. Entom. Res., v., 1915, p. 383, ♀.♂. Niger, albo-pilosus ; pronoto, mesonoto, scutelloque rufo-ferrugineis ; calcaribus albidis ; segmentis dorsalibus 2–4 apice anguste albo-fimbriatis ; alis basi hyalinis, dimidio apicali modice infuscatis ; mandibulis apice tridentatis. Long. 6 mm.♂. Head narrower than the thorax, broader than long, rounded at the posterior angles, closely and not very finely punctured, the antennal tubercles well developed. Clypeus concave, smooth and shining. Third joint of the flagellum equal to the fourth, half as long again as the second and more than twice as long as the first. Eyes ovate, converging towards the clypeus, not emarginate ; ocelli placed in a triangle, the posterior pair a little further from each other than from the anterior ocellus and situated on the inner edge of a large but shallow depression. Thorax broad and short, closely but not coarsely punctured ; anterior margin of the pronotum straight, the posterior margin broadly arcuate ; scutellum flat, broadly truncate at the apex ; pleurae very closely punctured and sparsely clothed with long white pubescence. Median segment very coarsely reticulate, shorter than the scutellum, posterior slope very steep, not distinctly separated from the dorsal surface. Abdomen subsessile ; closely punctured, with distinct but narrow apical bands of long white hairs on segments 2–4, a less clearly defined band on the first ; apical dorsal segment broadly rounded, more coarsely punctured, the punctures more or less confluent longitudinally. Second ventral segment closely punctured and sparsely clothed with long whitish hairs, which form a continuous band on the apical margin. First dorsal segment short and broad, slightly depressed on the apical margin ; second very broad, fully twice as broad as long, the sides convex. Fore-wing with three cubital cells, radial cell very broad, not more than twice as long as broad ; first abscissa of the radius equal to the third, shorter than the second, the two recurrent nervures received near the middle of the second and third cubital cells.

Hurleytrematoides justinei n. sp. (Digenea: Monorchiidae) from Valentinni’s sharpnose puffer, Canthigaster valentini (Bleeker) (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae) from Heron Island, Queensland, Australia

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2027 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARISSA K. A. McNAMARA ◽  
THOMAS H. CRIBB
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Ventral Sucker ◽  
Genital Pore ◽  
Posterior Margin ◽  
Anterior Margin ◽  
Ejaculatory Duct ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pore Opening ◽  
A New Species

A new species, Hurleytrematoides justinei n. sp., is described from Valentinni’s sharpnose puffer, Canthigaster valentini, from Heron Island, Queensland, Australia. It is characterized within the genus by a sinistral genital pore opening anterior to the posterior margin of the ventral sucker, a spiny ejaculatory duct ranging from 34 to 61 µm in length, and vitelline follicles extending from about the anterior margin of the testis to the posterior margin of the ventral sucker. Monorchiids are rare in the tetraodontids. This is the third species reported from the family and the first from the genus Canthigaster.

FGF-4 maintains polarizing activity of posterior limb bud cells in vivo and in vitro

Development ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vogel ◽  
C. Tickle
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Margin ◽  
Anterior Margin ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Mesenchymal Cells ◽  
Apical Ectodermal Ridge ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Posterior Limb ◽  
Vertebrate Limb

The polarizing region is a major signalling tissue involved in patterning the tissues of the vertebrate limb. The polarizing region is located at the posterior margin of the limb bud and can be recognized by its ability to induce additional digits when grafted to the anterior margin of a chick limb bud. The signal from the polarizing region operates at the tip of the bud in the progress zone, a zone of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, maintained by interactions with the apical ectodermal ridge. A number of observations have pointed to a link between the apical ectodermal ridge and signalling by the polarizing region. To test this possibility, we removed the posterior apical ectodermal ridge of chick wing buds and assayed posterior mesenchyme for polarizing activity. When the apical ectodermal ridge is removed, there is a marked decrease in polarizing activity of posterior cells. The posterior apical ectodermal ridge is known to express FGF-4 and we show that the decrease in polarizing activity of posterior cells of wing buds that normally follows ridge removal can be prevented by implanting a FGF-4-soaked bead. Furthermore, we show that both ectoderm and FGF-4 maintain polarizing activity of limb bud cells in culture.

scholarly journals MRI-Based Normative Measurement of the Ocular Globe Position in Relation to Inter-Zygomatic Line among Nepalese Subjects

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj JB ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Posterior Margin ◽  
Anterior Margin ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Major Consequence ◽  
Imaging Parameter ◽  
Tertiary Center ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Gender Groups

Introduction: Proptosis and enophthalmos are cardinal signs of many orbito-ocular and systemic diseases. The need for an imaging parameter that will aid its early detection is necessary, as visual compromise is a major consequence if they are not diagnosed and managed early. Methodology: This prospective study was performed in a tertiary center. Data were collected over the period of January to April 2021 with total of 300 normal ocular globes. The measurement was done at the level of lens (midglobe section) on T2-weighted axial image. Results: The distance between the anterior margin and inter zygomatic line of the right ocular globe was 16.95 ± 1.48 mm (ranged 14.2 - 20.5 mm) and that of left was 16.86 ± 1.38 mm (ranged 14.2 - 20.3 mm). The position of the globes showed no statistically significant differences among gender groups in our study and the position of the right globe within the orbit was significantly different from that of the left orbit. Conclusion: The position of the globes showed higher values in males than in female. However, a statistically significant difference in globe position was observed between right and left orbits. The distance between the posterior margin of the globe and the inter zygomatic line was found to be lower among the Nepalese population compared with other population.

Histology and fine structure of the pre-optic nucleus and hypothalamic tracts of the European eel Anguilla anguilla L

1969 ◽  
Vol 256 (804) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Anterior Margin ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Ependymal Cells ◽  
European Eel ◽  
The Third ◽  
Secretory Products

The pre-optic nucleus and hypothalamic tracts of intact and hypophysectomized specimens of the European eel Anguilla anguilla L. have been studied in situ and by optical and electron microscopy. The in situ technique reveals a hitherto unsuspected degree of segregation of the neurosecretory axons which form up to five discrete tracts having separate origins and following distinct paths before converging, at the level of the anterior margin of the pituitary, to form a median tract. The structure of the pre-optic neurons, as revealed by several different techniques, is described and it is shown that their synthetic poles, identified by a prominent cap of endoplasmic reticulum, are precisely orientated towards the third ventricle and are separated from it by, at most, two or three layers of ependymal cells. Electron microscopy shows that the secretory products lie mainly in the axonal ends of the cells though in Bouin-fixed, wax-embedded material the entire perikaryon stains with neurosecretory dyes and this, and their proximity to the third ventricle, gives the impression that they secrete into the latter, as well as centripetally. This may well be so, but from the work described below it seems more likely that these neurons receive nutrients, or stimuli, or both, from the third ventricle. Two types of pre-optic neurons, separable by structural features as well as by the size of the elementary granules they contain have been identified; these probably give rise to two of the fibre types identified in the neurohypophysis of the eel by Knowles & Vollrath. Aggregations of neurosecretion, common in the fish pre-optic nucleus, and also, much rarer, colloid vesicles, are described and discussed.

Two new species of the genus Notacanthurus from China (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae, Ecdyonurinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4802 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-348
Author(s):  
WEI ZHANG ◽  
MIN ZHANG ◽  
NA HAN ◽  
CHANG-FA ZHOU
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Posterior Margin ◽  
Anterior Margin ◽  
Two New Species

Previously, only three of seven species in the Asian genus Notacanthurus were reported both nymphs and imagoes, and no Chinese species was found. Here two new species collected from China, which are named as Notacanthurus maculatus sp. n. and N. lamellosus sp. n. respectively, are described and pictured in detail. The nymph of N. maculatus sp. n. has following combined characters: posterior margin of sternum IX straight, claws with two subapical denticles, and gills V–VI with arrow-like accessory lobes. The male imago has unspecialized anterior margin of head and Electrogena-like penis lobes. The second species N. lamellosus sp. n. is more distinguishable. Its nymph has pale dots on head, median dorsal ridges on abdominal terga I–IX, claws with five subapical denticles, and dorsal lamellae of gills II–IV divided into two portions. Anterior margin of male imago is not protruding either, forewings have less pigmented crossveins between Sc and R1, and penis lobes have apical and ventral sclerites. A key to all known nymphs of the genus is provided. 

Echiniscus taibaiensis sp. nov. and a new record of Echiniscus bisetosus Heinis (Tardigrada, Echiniscidae) from China

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1092 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
LI ZHI WANG ◽  
XIAO CHEN LI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Record ◽  
The Third ◽  
Median Plate

The main characters of Echiniscus taibaiensis sp. nov. are listed as follows: dorsal plates are decorated with polygons and irregular pores, median plate 3 absent, notches absent on terminal plate; lateral and dorsal appendages consist of cirrus A, C, D, E, Cd and Dd; spurs absent on all claws of each leg. This new species is similar to E. velaminis Murray in having a similar arrangement of lateral and dorsal appendages and in lacking the third median plate, but it differs from E. velaminis in lacking the spine inserted near the base of cirrus D and in having much shorter dorsal appendages Cd and Dd. A new record of Echiniscus bisetosus Heinis is also reported from China in this article.

Acrochordonichthys gyrinus, a new species of akysid catfish (Teleostei: Siluriformes) from Thailand

Zootaxa ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 183 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHAVALIT VIDTHAYANON ◽  
HEOK HEE NG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Posterior Margin ◽  
Anterior Margin ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Adipose Fin ◽  
Chao Phraya River ◽  
A New Species

Acrochordonichthys gyrinus, a new species of akysid catfish belonging to the A. ischnosoma species group, is described from the Chao Phraya River drainage in Thailand. It can be distinguished from congeners by a concave posterior margin of the pectoral fin and the unique combination of the following characteristics: head depth 9.8–11.4% SL; dorsal to adipose distance 7.4–8.6% SL; body depth at anus 8.3–10.5% SL; maximum width of humeral process 16.3% its length; and anterior margin of anal fin and posterior margin of adipose fin straight. This species represents the northernmost distribution of the genus.

Spelaeogammarus uai (Bogidielloidea: Artesiidae): a new troglobitic amphipod from Brazil 

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4231 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAFAELA BASTOS-PEREIRA ◽  
RODRIGO L. FERREIRA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Posterior Margin ◽  
Anterior Margin ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Apical Margin ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Approach ◽  
Length Width ◽  
A New Species

A new species was recently found in a cave from Southeastern Brazil, in the state of Minas Gerais, which is here described. Considering all the species of the genus, Spelaeogammarus uai sp. nov. is very similar to S. santanensis and S. sanctus, although the new species differs mainly in relation to the number of plumose setae in the apical margin of maxilliped inner plate, number of setae in the anterior margin of gnathopod 1 basis and number of setae in the posterior margin of gnathopod 2 basis. Furthermore, the ratio “length/width” of several articles of the new species is higher than in other species. An identification key of the Spelaeogammarus genus is provided, as well as a complemented multivariate statistical approach of the morphometry of the genus based on a previous work of the genus. 

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