Influence of Temperature on Prespinning Eonymphs of the Swaine Jack-Pine Sawfly, Neodiprion swainei Midd. (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 1450-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Pilon ◽  
H. A. Tripp ◽  
J. M. McLeod ◽  
S. L. Ilnitzky
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Prime Factor ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Time Required

AbstractLaboratory experiments at various constant temperatures indicate a theoretical threshold of about 40°F. for spinning of cocoons by eonymphal larvae of Neodiprion swainei Midd. As temperatures fall below 52.5°F. the increase in mortality and time required to spin is pronounced. The optimum temperature is estimated to be around 60°F. Field investigations for three consecutive years show a close correlation between rate of spinning and temperature. Temperature is considered as a prime factor influencing the spinning of cocoons and is possibly one of the more important factors governing the population dynamics of N. swainei in the Province of Quebec.

PRELIMINARY STUDIES OF THE PHYSIOLOGY OF SCLEROTINIA BOREALIS, A HIGHLY PSYCHROPHILIC FUNGUS

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. B. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Psychrophilic Fungus

A study was made of the influence of temperature on growth and oxygen uptake by Sclerotinia borealis Bub. and Vleug. Growth was measured as the increase in diameter of colonies on agar media and oxygen uptake, by conventional manometric procedures with cells removed from shake cultures incubated at 0 °C.The results indicated that the fungus is highly psychrophilic with an optimum temperature for growth at 0 °C, a maximum at approximately 15 °C, and a minimum below −5 °C. Cultures grown at 0 °C ceased to grow when transferred to temperatures above 15 °C but, within limits, resumed growth again after a lag when returned to 0 °C. The length of the lag period was proportional to both the degree and the duration of the temperature elevation.The optimum temperature for oxygen uptake was 25 °C, the rate remaining linear at this temperature during a 6-hour incubation period. The rate at 25 °C declined slowly over a period of 4 days but the rate at 1 °C declined to a similar degree. The Q10for oxygen uptake was very low, the rate at 25 °C being only double that at 1 °C.

Biology of the Afrotropical Sepedonella nana (Diptera: Sciomyzidae), whose larvae feed only on freshwater Aulophorus furcatus (Oligochaeta: Naididae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3102 (1) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEANCLAUDE VALA ◽  
LOUIS GHÉLUS GBEDJISSI
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Characteristic Distribution ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Physical Attributes

All studies during the last six decades have stated that sciomyzid larvae are strictly malacophagous. However, the Afrotropical sciomyzid Sepedonella nana species was found in this study to feed only on the small freshwater oligochaete, Aulophorus furcatus. The divergent oligophagous feeding behaviour of this species was investigated. The physical attributes of the egg, first-, secondand third-instar larvae, and the puparium are described. Four types of sensilla—coeloconicum, trichodeum, chaeticum, and styloconicum—are present with a characteristic distribution on each tagma. Each thoracic segment is distinguished by presence of a pair of Keilin’s organ on ventral surface. Each abdominal segment has eleven pairs of the same sensilla types; their variable locations are presented. Population dynamics of the adults are shown from our field investigations in permanent and temporary freshwater biotopes during 1996–2008. The life cycle of the species is presented from our field observations and laboratory experiments. Among the 62 species of Afrotropical Sciomyzidae, this is the eighth species for which life-cycle is entirely resolved.

Survival of Pathogenic Bacteria in an Adverse Environment

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Barzily ◽  
Y. Kott
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Indicator Microorganisms ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Hostile Environments

It is known that pathogenic bacteria are sensitive to changes in environmental conditions. This applies to Enterobacteriaeeae, as well, where optimum temperature is 37°C. Wastewater of various qualities are also hostile environments to these bacteria. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of temperature on the die-off of enteric bacteria in waste stabilization ponds at the temperature range 40-60°C. Survival of indicator microorganisms at the control pond effluent was higher than at increased temperature pond effluent (40°C, 50°C, 60°C). Survival percentages of the indicators at the elevated temperature pond compared to the control pond were 0.12% to 73.33%. The pathogenic bacteria Salmonella typhimurium and Shigella sonnei were introduced in dialysis bags placed in the ponds. The number of the pathogenic bacteria decreased by a few orders of magnitude within days, depending on the temperature and the strain. Following certain periods of time, the bacteria held in the heated pond and in some instances in the control pond, lost their ability to agglutinate with specific antibody. The phenomenon of bacteria showing negative specific agglutination requires further research. It is thought that this phenomenon might indicate an unknown heat survival mechanism of the pathogenic bacteria in adverse environment.

scholarly journals The Influence Of Temperature On The Rate Of Growth Of Sporotrichum Carnis, From -10°C. To + 30°C

1931 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-388
Author(s):  
R. B. HAINES
Keyword(s):  
Slow Growth ◽  
Logarithmic Phase ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Van’T Hoff Equation ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Hoff Equation ◽  
Germ Tubes ◽  
Van't Hoff Equation

Measurements of the rate of growth of Sporotrichum carnis on Czapek's agar indicate that: 1. The optimum temperature for growth is at 25° C. 2. Growth can take place at 30° C., but is restricted and unusual shapes are produced by the thickening of the germ tubes. 3. Fairly good, though slow, growth was obtained at - 5° C. on supercooled agar, and growth also took place at - 7° C. on supercooled agar. There are indications, however, that growth is somewhat restrained at - 5° C.; the germ-tubes become thicker and curl more readily than at higher temperatures. 4. In no case was growth observed on frozen agar during the periods of incubation of the slides--up to two months. 5. A curve is given showing the relation between temperature and rate of growth during the logarithmic phase. The form of the curve suggests that growth on supercooled agar becomes infinitely slow at - 10° C. 6. Application of the Arrhenius-van't Hoff equation to the results obtained is considered. The author wishes to express his thanks to Dr G. S. Graham-Smith, F.R.S., for his interest in this work.

scholarly journals Studies of the Influence of Temperature on the Photocatalytic Activity of Tungsten Oxide

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Derbasova
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Tungsten Oxide ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

Abstract. The results of photocatalytic activity of tungsten oxide in visible light are analyzed. It was shown that tungsten oxide has photocatalytic activity under the action of visible light in the photodegradation of the dye methylene blue. It was determined that the concentration of 15 mg/L provides the highest rate of photodecomposition of methylene blue. The optimum temperature for the process was determined. The process of methylene blue decomposition is most effective at 25 °С.

INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF A VIRUS DISEASE OF NEODIPRION SWAINEI (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE)

1967 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Smirnoff
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Fluctuating Temperatures

AbstractThe effect of temperatures on the development of a virus disease of Neodiprion swainei Midd. was studied at constant temperatures of 30° and 12 °C., and under fluctuating temperatures (15°–20 °C.) in the laboratory and outdoors. Viral concentrations of 30 × 106 polyhedra per ml. and 1 × 106 polyhedra per ml. were used. Only the higher concentration of virus was effective at 30 °C. At 12 °C. the incubation period of the disease was prolonged and mortality caused by the virus was considerably reduced for both viral concentrations. Mortality due to the virus was similar at both viral concentrations for the fluctuating temperatures which were within the optimum temperature range for larval development.

The Influence of Temperature on the Rate of Growth of Saprophytic Actinomyces

1932 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-60
Author(s):  
R. B. HAINES
Keyword(s):  
Arrhenius Equation ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Velocity Constant ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

1. Actinomyces occur commonly in commercial cold stores. They can be isolated from the walls but are obtained in greatest number from straw on the floor of the store. 2. Measurements of the rate of growth of actinomyces from cold stores show that the majority of the strains studied have their optimum temperature at 37° C. They are capable of growth from 40° to 5° C., growth becoming infinitely slow at just above 0° C. One strain, however, had its optimum temperature for growth less sharply defined at 20°-30° C. and grew well, though slowly, at 0° C. The curve obtained by plotting the "velocity constant of growth" against temperature suggests that growth becomes infinitely slow at about - 5° C. 3. Application of the Arrhenius equation to the results obtained is discussed. 4. Comparison with certain strains isolated from soil, having their optimum temperature at 37° C., gave results analogous to those obtained with strains from cold stores, also having their optimum at 37° C. 5. The significance of actinomyces in imparting "musty" flavours to stored foodstuffs is indicated.

scholarly journals Growth of Critically Endangered annual fish Austrolebias wolterstorffi (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) at different temperatures

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 837-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alinca Peres da Fonseca ◽  
Matheus Vieira Volcan ◽  
Luís André Sampaio ◽  
Luís Alberto Romano ◽  
Ricardo Berteaux Robaldo
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Annual Fish ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Thermal Influence ◽  
Conservation And Management ◽  
The Ideal

Given the importance of knowledge of the biology of endangered species for the planning of conservation and management efforts, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of temperature on the growth of Austrolebias wolterstorffi (Ahl, 1924). To clarify the thermal influence on the growth of the species, temperatures of 16, 20, 24 , and 28°C were tested in triplicate. The present study showed that a water temperature of 28°C is detrimental to the growth of the species. Among the other tested temperatures, it was found that the optimum temperature for growth decreases as an individual ages and is slightly lower for females. It was demonstrated here that males reach a higher weight and length, and grow faster than females, reaching sexual maturity earlier. To optimize the growth of this species in captivity, the ideal temperature of the water during the initial life period is 24°C, until after puberty when the temperature should decrease to about 21°C.

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