Nutritional Methods for Phytophagous Insects

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 130-130
Author(s):  
A. J. McGinnis ◽  
R. Kasting
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Phytophagous Insects ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Fine Meal ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Frozen State ◽  
One Year ◽  
Nutritional Studies ◽  
Large Animals

In biochemical studies of resistance of plants to insects knowledge of the nutritional needs of the insect is required. Some methods that have been developed or were adapted from studies with large animals are displayed.Larvae of the pale western cutworm, Agrotis orthogonia Morr., have been reared on diets prepared from wheat sprouts that have been lyophilized and ground to a fine meal. Diets may be prepared by adding water (two parts) to the meal (one part), packaging in aluminum foil, and storing in the frozen state. By lyophilization, other plant tissues have also been preserved successfully for periods up to one year. The lyophilized tissue provides a uniform dietary medium that can be readily extracted or supplemented in nutritional studies.

scholarly journals Many species of the Carnivora consume grass and other fibrous plant tissues

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan R. Franck ◽  
Arian Farid
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Marine Plants ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Hairy Plant

Within the Carnivora order, the consumption of fibrous plant tissues (FPT), such as leaves and stems, is only known to serve the nutritional needs of eight species in the Ailuridae and Ursidae. Apart from the Ailuridae and Ursidae, the extent of FPT ingestion in the Carnivora is poorly understood. A literature search was conducted to compile studies containing evidence of FPT consumption in the Carnivora, primarily based on analyses of scats or gastrointestinal tracts. Among 352 studies, there was evidence of FPT consumption in any amount in 124 species, or 41%, of the Carnivora. Grass consumption was documented in 95 species, while ingestion of sedges, marine plants, bryophytes, conifers, and dicots was much less frequent. A few species showed evidence of consuming fungi or soil. Nine studies observed co-occurrences of intestinal parasites with grasses or sedges in the scats of the Carnivora, suggesting these abrasive or hairy plant tissues help to expel intestinal parasites. The relevance of consuming marine plants, bryophytes, conifers, dicots, fungi, or soil has also been underappreciated. Deliberate ingestion of FPT may be more widespread and important than previously realized in the Carnivora.

scholarly journals Paclobutrazol Reduces Some Negative Effects of Salt Stress in Peach

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Abou El-Khashab ◽  
A.F. El-Sammak ◽  
A.A. Elaidy ◽  
M.I. Salama ◽  
M. Rieger
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
One Year

One-year-old rooted cuttings of `Nemaguard' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] were irrigated with 0, 1000, or 2000 mg·L-1 salts under greenhouse conditions to study the effect of foliar paclobutrazol (PBZ) application on salt stress response. Salinity reduced growth of nontreated plants by ≈60%, but only by ≈30% for PBZ-treated plants. PBZ-treated plants also had less defoliation and fewer leaves per plant showing salt stress symptoms, and had higher rates of leaf gas exchange than nontreated plants. PBZ application generally reduced Na+ and Cl- contents in leaves, roots, and stems, regardless of salt treatment. Furthermore, total Na+ per plant in PBZ-treated plants was about half that found in nontreated plants, although total Cl- per plant was reduced by PBZ in only one of two salt treatments. The data suggested that PBZ promoted salt stress avoidance in peach by reducing the uptake and accumulation of harmful Na+ and Cl- ions in plant tissues.

Comparison of lupin varieties for nutritive value as dry standing feed for weaner sheep and for incidence of lupinosis

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
GW Arnold ◽  
JL Hill ◽  
RA Maller ◽  
SR Wallace ◽  
BA Carbon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Ornithine Carbamoyl Transferase ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Gravelly Soils ◽  
One Year ◽  
Nutritional Studies

Several lupin varieties were grown on sandy and sandy gravelly soils in a Mediterranean environment. During the three years when they were grown, the rainfall varied from 400 to 700 mm. The yields of dry matter and grain for the cultivars Borre, New Zealand Blue, Uniwhite and Uniharvest of L. angustifolius were not significantly higher than those of the Chapman cultivar of L. cosentinii and the Weiko III cultivar of L. luteus. However, more blocks of these last two cultivars failed owing to weed competition. The nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, sodium, neutral detergent fibre and water-soluble carbohydrate contents of the stem, leaf, pod and seed at maturity did not differ greatly between varieties within years. Weaner Merino shcep grazed at 50 sheep ha-1 on these standing dry crops gained up to 10 kg in 80 days. Sheep weight gains over three years were consistently the best for sheep on Borre, Uniwhite and Uniharvest; sheep on Chapman lupins gained little weight in any year, whilst Weiko III gave intermediate gains in one year and poor gains in another. The differences in weight gain were associated in all years with differences in the initial amounts of grain present. Detailed nutritional studies on sheep in the first year showed that the nutritive values of the varieties not causing lupinosis were similar in terms of digestible organic matter intake, volatile fatty acid production and proportions, and blood urea concentration. Abnormal liver metabolism, inferred from the level of ornithine carbamoyl transferase in the blood, occurred in sheep on all varieties during the three years, and lupinosis was confirmed by necropsy in two of the years. Lupinosis resulted in nine deaths out of 250 sheep, but other sheep with liver damage achieved normal liveweight performance. In each year, liver damage occurred on dry lupins before any summer rain. There was a high incidence of lesions of the fungus Phomopsis rossiana on stems of the cultivars Chapman and Weiko III during growth. The presence of lesions at this stage appeared to be more closely associated with the occurrence of lupinosis in summer than with the incidence of Phomopsis infection on dry sterns following summer rains.

scholarly journals Animal-train collisions are increasingly serious challenge for modern railways

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (5) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Marek Stolarski ◽  
Joanna Żyłkowska ◽  
Dorota Bartoszek - Majewska
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Present Sample ◽  
Rail Vehicles ◽  
Repair Costs ◽  
Mechanical Shocks ◽  
Black Spots ◽  
One Year ◽  
Large Animals ◽  
Lightweight Rolling

The problem of wildlife collisions with trains appeared with the invention of the railway. This phenomenon increases with the development of new technologies and ongoing modernization of railway lines, leading to an increase in both speed and train traffic volume. Changes in the construction of rail vehicles and the introduction of new, lightweight rolling stock, sensitive to mechanical shocks, increase costs in the case when it comes to a collision. In the article we present sample data on the scale of the phenomenon. One of the major carriers in Poland –Przewozy Regionalne Ltd. (Regional Railways) – in one year registered 268 cases of animal-train collisions. In turn, the PKP Intercity SA in year 2015 as a result of such collisions incurred repair costs amounting to half a million PLN, while Koleje Wielkopolskie Ltd. (Wielkopolska Railways) in the same year incurred costs associated with collisions of nearly 300,000 PLN. The data obtained from the carriers show, therefore, that in Poland there happen at least a few hundred collisions with large animals per year, and the associated repair costs are slightly counting hundreds of thousands of PLN. Through an analysis of places of collisions it is possible to determine the “black spots”, where it is advisable to introduce preventive measures.

scholarly journals NEW GENERATION ADAPTED MILK FORMULAS PRODUCED BY UKRAINIAN MANUFACTURERS FOR FEEDING INFANTS UNDER ONE YEAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
V.K. Kozakevich ◽  
M. Ye. Fesenko ◽  
L.S. Ziuzina ◽  
O.B. Kozakevich ◽  
O.I. Melashchenko
Keyword(s):  
Biological Evolution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Metabolic System ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Functional Digestive Disorders ◽  
One Year ◽  
New Generation

Breastfeeding is known as the only one form of human feeding that formed during the biological evolution. However, when breastfeeding is impossible, the only solution is to use modern adapted milk formulas to nourish infants. One of the most challenging issues is the adaptation of the formula protein quantity and quality to those in breast milk. Reducing the protein content in the adapted formula "Malutka Premium" prevents protein overload of the immature metabolic system of the child. Fats also play an important role in the nutrition of children as they perform two main functions in the body: they serve as structural components of biological cell membranes and energy material. The fatty component of "Malutka Premium" adapted formula is represented by 50% vegetable oils, which provides the required level of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The carbohydrate component of the adapted formula "Malutka Premium1" is represented by lactose; the adapted formula "Malutka Premium 2" also contains dextrinmaltose (30%). Prebiotics oligosaccharides and five most important nucleotides are added to the composition of "Malutka Premium" that enables to normalize the composition of the intestinal microflora and to intensify the digestive processes. Clinical observations of children receiving formulas with oligosaccharides and nucleotides have shown their high efficacy. Children gained weight better and were found as less likely to have functional digestive disorders. Introducing "Malutka premium with the addition of cereals" formulas to the child's diet enables to choose the most appropriate formula taking into account the peculiarities of the child's digestion. Feeding infants with domestic milk formula ensures the balanced intake of all necessary substances required in accordance with the age and allows to parents and paediatricians solve many problems in the nutrition of both healthy children and children with special nutritional needs.

The Role of Degreased Vitis Vinifera Seeds on the Oxidation of Coffee Lipids

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Gabriela Bita
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
One Year ◽  
Coffee Lipids

The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of degreased antioxidant used to prevent the oxidation of coffee lipids. The coffee samples in mixture with degreased respectively with regular antioxidant were medium roasted and packed in plastic pouches laminated with aluminum foil. All sets of samples were stored for one year at a medium temperature of 22.5�C. The extent of lipid oxidation was followed by determination of peroxide, acidity and refraction values and by chromatographic analyse of fatty acids content.The results show the advantage of using degreased antioxidant towards regular antioxidant to prevent coffee lipid oxidation.

scholarly journals KANDUNGAN UNSUR HARA PADA SERASAH DAUN SEGAR POHON (MAHONI, NANTU DAN MATOA)

EUGENIA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre E. Wowor ◽  
A. Thomas ◽  
J. A. Rombang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Plant Life Cycle ◽  
Adequate Nutrient

Plant life cycle requires adequate nutrient content in the planting media environment. Nutrients are naturally influenced by cyclical nutrition itself. Plants in the form of trees play a role in the synthesis of nutrients themselves. Trees play a role in absorbing nutrients in the soil and releasing nutrients through dead or harvested tissue, plant tissues that are most often canceled or killed because the weather is leaves. The nutritional needs of trees are different so the absorption, use and management of nutrients in trees is also different. The purpose of this study is to see the differences in species of Mahogany, Nantu and Matoa trees, which has the potential to contribute to the availability of nutrients. The method used in the study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Analysis of nutrient N, P and K was carried out in the laboratory using extraction of perhydrol by wet ingestion of H2SO4+H2O2. The results of the research obtained, that the fresh leaf litter of the nantu tree is the most potential as a nutrient-contributing tree to the surface soil.

The impact of Regulation (EC) 767/2009 on the practice of feed advertising in Europe

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kavanagh ◽  
K. Pentieva ◽  
J. Kennedy ◽  
C. A. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Feed Material ◽  
Feed Industry ◽  
Information Cues ◽  
Market Competitiveness ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

SummaryA drive to promote European feed market competitiveness saw the introduction of Regulation (EC) 767/2009 which addresses the placing on the market and use of feed within the European Community. The aim of this study was to determine if the feed industry has changed their advertising practice since the introduction of the Regulation, particularly in reference to Article 13 which sets out the requirements for the use of claims on animal feed. A content analysis of feed material advertisements in nine major EU based feed industry journals, representing all major animal production species, was conducted (n = 822). Relevant advertisements incorporating a time period of one year before and after the enforcement of the Regulation were included. Advertisements were assessed for the level of information provided and the use of claims. The study indicated that there has been a decrease in the provision of information cues on feed advertisements since the Regulation came into being (from 2.5 cues to 1.7 (SEM = 0.56, p < 0.001)). Furthermore, the appearance of certain claims also showed reductions in frequency (reduction in claims relating to improvements in the environmental (χ2 = 4.7, p < 0.05), the nutritional needs of the animal (χ2 = 9.7, p < 0.01) and the effect on the performance of the animal (χ2 = 4.2, p < 0.05)). It is possible that despite the intention to inspire innovation in the food industry, the Regulation may be motivating a more cautious approach to the advertising of feedingstuffs in Europe.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document