Biology of the Mountain Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus monticolae Hopkins, in the East Kootenay Region of British Columbia.: III. Interaction between the Beetle and its Host, with Emphasis on Brood Mortality and Survival

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Brood Survival ◽  
Lethal Temperatures ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Subcortical Region ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lower Stem

AbstractStudies were made on the distribution and survival of the mountain pine beetle over the lower stem of lodgepole pine. The relationship between density of attack and subsequent total length of egg galleries was examined as was the relationship between number of exit holes and number of emerging beetles. The influence on brood survival of tree diameter, density of egg galleries, moisture content of the outer sapwood, lethal temperatures, resinosis in the subcortical region, predators, and parasites is described. Survival is compared between broods established during different flights in the same year. The optimum weather conditions for brood survival are discussed.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DENSITY OF EMERGED DENDROCTONUS PONDEROSAE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) AND DENSITY OF EXIT HOLES IN LODGEPOLE PINE

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Safranyik ◽  
D.A. Linton
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Latex Paint ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetles ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
South Central ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Beetles ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship between the density of insect holes in the bark (X1) and the density of emerged mountain pine beetles (Y) was investigated in naturally infested lodgepole pine in south-central British Columbia. The density of exit and ventilation holes (Ho) that were present in the bark prior to emergence by mountain pine beetle averaged 10% of all holes present following the emergence period. There was a weak but significant inverse relationship between Ho and both phloem thickness and density of emerged mountain pine beetles. Painting the bark with light-color latex paint did not affect survival or the temporal pattern of emergence by mountain pine beetle but ensured identification and greatly enhanced counting of fresh exit holes. Of the several regression models investigated, the relation between Y and both X1 and X2 (= X1 – Ho) was best fitted by a log-log linear model. A method is suggested for setting limits on the size of exit holes cut by mountain pine beetle in order to exclude from X2 much of the variation caused by exit holes cut by associated insects. A simple mathematical model was developed of the relationship between mean density of exit holes and the density of emerged mountain pine beetles.

Mortality, structure, and regeneration in whitebark pine stands impacted by mountain pine beetle in the southern Sierra Nevada

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc D. Meyer ◽  
Beverly Bulaon ◽  
Martin MacKenzie ◽  
Hugh D. Safford
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Whitebark Pine ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Stands

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) is vulnerable to mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) attack throughout western North America, but beetle outbreaks in the southwestern portion of the range (i.e., Sierra Nevada) have been spatially limited until recently. We examined patterns of mortality, structure, and regeneration in whitebark pine stands impacted by mountain pine beetle in the southern Sierra Nevada. Mortality was greatest in medium to large diameter (>10–20 cm dbh) trees, resulting in declines in mean and maximum tree diameter and tree size class diversity following an outbreak. Severity of beetle attack was positively related to mean tree diameter and density. Density of young (<3 years old) whitebark pine seedling clusters was positively related to severity of beetle attack on mature stands. All sites showed a stable production of whitebark pine regeneration within at least the past 30–40 years, with a pulse of new seedlings in the past 3 years in beetle-impacted stands. Our results show that mountain pine beetle outbreaks in the southern Sierra Nevada result in substantial changes in whitebark pine stand structure and suggest low resistance but high resilience to initial attack, especially in the absence of white pine blister rust.

Weather associated with the start of mountain pine beetle outbreaks

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Thomson ◽  
D. M. Shrimpton
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Annual Growth Rings ◽  
Pine Beetle

Extreme weather conditions associated with mountain pine beetle outbreaks were evaluated by graphical techniques for six locations throughout British Columbia. Three major associations of extreme weather patterns with lodgepole pine growth and mountain pine beetle outbreaks were identified. (i) Weather effects prior to, or early in, the growing season can reduce growth without releasing the beetle population. (ii) Weather conducive to beetle establishment and early brood development can occur too late in the season to have a noticeable effect on tree growth and therefore will not be recorded in the annual growth rings. (iii) Warm, dry periods during the summer are associated with tree growth reduction and the beginnings of outbreaks. In each of these three cases, extreme low precipitation levels were involved. Average precipitation in some months did not compensate for the effects of unfavourable extremes in other months on tree growth.

scholarly journals Biological Aspects of Mountain Pine Beetle in Lodgepole Pine Stands of Different Densities in Colorado, USA

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Negrón
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Pine Stands

Research Highlights: The biology of mountain pine beetle (MPB), Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, in Colorado’s lodgepole pine forests exhibits similarities and differences to other parts of its range. Brood emergence was not influenced by stand density nor related to tree diameter. The probability of individual tree attack is influenced by stocking and tree size. Findings have implications for understanding MPB as a disturbance agent and for developing management strategies. Background and Objectives: MPB causes extensive tree mortality of lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon, across the western US and Canada and is probably the most studied bark beetle in North America. However, most of the current knowledge on the biology and ecology of MPB in lodgepole pine comes from the Intermountain Region of the US and western Canada. Little information is available from Colorado. This is the first study addressing effects of stand stocking levels on the biology of MPB and quantifying phloem consumption. In addition, although data are available on the conditions that foster stand infestation, this is the first study estimating the probability of individual tree attack among stands of known different stocking. Materials and Methods: Studies were conducted in managed lodgepole pine stands in Colorado. Unbaited traps were used to monitor MPB flight across stands of different densities. Cages were used to monitor emergence and bark samples to determine attack densities, and phloem consumption in trees growing under different stocking. Beetle collections were used to determine emergence across the growing season. Tree mortality data from plots of different densities were used to examine the probability of individual tree infestation. Results: More beetles were caught flying through higher density stands. More attacks were observed in lower stocking stands but there were no differences in the number of insects emerging nor phloem consumption. There was no relationship between tree size and beetle emergence. Peak flight occurred in early to mid-August and only one peak of beetle emergence occurred. The probability of tree attack was influenced by stand stocking and tree diameter. Conclusions: In general, aspects of the biology of MPB in Colorado exhibit similarities and differences with other regions. The data suggest the need to more closely examine how MPB functions in stands of different stocking and how the distribution of tree sizes influence the probability of infestation and extent of mortality in stands. Biological characteristics of MPB in Colorado need further examination, particularly as climate change continues to manifest. Baseline information will be critical to refine management approaches, and extend the understanding of how MPB contributes to shape forest composition and structure in Colorado.

ESTIMATING ATTACK AND BROOD TOTALS AND DENSITIES OF THE MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE IN INDIVIDUAL LODGEPOLE PINE TREES

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Safranyik
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Variance Estimates

AbstractA method was developed for estimating attack and brood totals of the mountain pine beetle in part or all of the infested bole of individual lodgepole pine trees. The method requires measurement of tree height, tree diameter at 1.37 m, and maximum height of attack, and tallying of brood and attacks on paired 20 cm by 30 cm samples centered at 1.22 m on the bole. Attack and brood totals are estimated in two ways: (1) as a product of the variables (a) total bole surface area, (b) proportion of bole surface area infested, and (c) mean attack/brood density; and (2) regression on the combined variables of tree diameter, infested height, and attack/brood density at 1.22 m on the bole. An approach to developing variance estimates for brood and attack totals is discussed.

Bark temperature patterns in mountain pine beetle susceptible stands of lodgepole pine in the central Rockies

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1669-1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Schmid ◽  
S.A. Mata ◽  
R.A. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
North And South

Bark temperatures were recorded on five lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. ex Loud.) in stands of different growing stock levels in Colorado and Wyoming. Mean bark temperatures were significantly different among growing stock levels. Temperatures in the partially cut growing stock levels were significantly warmer than in uncut controls during diurnal hours, but temperatures were cooler during nocturnal hours. Bark temperatures correlated with ambient air temperature. Equations were developed for predicting north- and south-side bark temperatures for partially cut stands of three growing stock levels and an uncut control from air temperatures. Bark temperature patterns in lodgepole and ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Laws.) stands are compared. The relationship between growing stock level and mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonusponderosae Hopk.) infestation is discussed from the standpoint of bark temperatures.

scholarly journals Population Densities and Tree Diameter Effects Associated With Verbenone Treatments to Reduce Mountain Pine Beetle-Caused Mortality of Lodgepole Pine

2013 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Progar ◽  
D. C. Blackford ◽  
D. R. Cluck ◽  
S. Costello ◽  
L. B. Dunning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle
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