Synonymy and Color Variation in the Fall Webworm, Hyphantria cunea Drury (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 1217-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Morris

AbstractNorthern and southern specimens of the fall webworm in eastern North America exhibit color differences in both the adult and larval stages, and have often been referred to Hyphantria textor Harris and H. cunea Drury, respectively. However, they will readily inter-breed and produce viable offspring; differences in wing maculation are not discrete and genitalic differences have not been found; differences in the degree of larval pigmentation are not discrete and depend largely on environmental factors; and the nesting and feeding behaviors are similar. It is therefore concluded that the common webworm (larvae with the head and dorsal tubercles black) in both north and south should be referred to H. cunea, which has priority. A sibling species or race (lighter heads and tubercles and different nesting and feeding habits) occurs sympatrically with cunea in the south and also, rarely, in the north; if it has specific status it cannot be referred to either cunea or textor; so textor is relegated to synonymy.

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff A. Black ◽  
J. Brian Dempson ◽  
W. J. Bruce

The voluminous literature on the freshwater and diadromous fishes of Labrador is summarized in distributional maps. A total of 25 obligate freshwater spawning and one catadromous species has been reported. Fishes from Atlantic and Mississippi refugia probably invaded the region from the Great Lakes basin primarily via glacial Lake Barlow-Ojibway, crossing Quebec north of the Otish Mountain to the headwaters of the Churchill River system. Additional dispersal routes existed to the north and south. Euryhaline species from an Atlantic refugium first invaded coastal regions during postglacial depression and marine inundation. Remnants of these occur as landlocked populations. Labrador is divided into three major ichthyogeographic regions based on species distributions and dispersal opportunities. The Churchill River forms one region and is divided into three subregions. Upstream of Churchill Falls there is only one species, which dispersed across Quebec. Downstream areas, including accessible tributaries, have all of the common fishes present in Labrador. Less accessible watersheds south of Churchill River form the third subregion and are limited to fishes with better swimming abilities. The second major region is southeastern Labrador which has euryhaline fishes from Atlantic refugia and three species from Quebec. The third major region is loosely defined as northern Labrador (> 55°N) although it is one of decreasing numbers of species with increasing latitude.


2007 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Kean ◽  
L.B. Kumarasinghe

A cohortbased model for the seasonal phenology of the blackheaded strain of the fall webworm Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera Arctiidae) was constructed from published development rates for each life stage Model predictions were successfully verified against field observations from Japan China Italy Serbia and the USA The model was then used to predict phenology in New Zealand and the potential for establishment near major ports Populations are predicted to be bivoltine in the north and univoltine in central areas but are unlikely to form selfsustaining populations south of Timaru Fall webworm demonstrated the ability to adapt to specific local conditions after its invasion of Japan so the risk may be greater than these results suggest Successful validation of the model means that it could be used to inform surveillance and control operations targeting fall webworm outbreaks overseas and potential invasions into new ranges such as New Zealand


1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 1250-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard A. Tripp

For many years, the specific name, hyalinus, has been used to designate certain Perilampus adults reared from a variety of insects belonging to the orders Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Hymenoptera, and Diptera. Normally, taxonomists hesitate to classify parasites from such a wide range of hosts under one specific name; but in this case their fears were allayed by the concept that most Perilampus species were strictly hyperparasitic and hence probably preyed upon a narrower range of hosts than indicated by rearing records. The hyperparasitic nature of Perilampus hyalinus Say was established in 1912 by Smith who recovered its immature stages from various primary parasites of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea Drury. Smith gave an account of the behaviour of the first-instar planidial stage and came to the conclusion that the species could not develop as a primary parasite of the fall webwom. A hyperparasitic behaviour was demonstrated also for P. tristis Mayr on various primary parasites of the European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.) (Bergold and Ripper, 1937). Primary parasitism was shown for P. chrysopa spp. (Clancy, 1946), and for P. italicus F. on the tenthredinid, Athalia colibri Christ. (Martelli, 1932). Nevertheless, the concept of hyperparasitism became generally accepted for most of the genus and discouraged attempts to utilize members of this genus for purposes of biological control of injurious defoliating insects.


Author(s):  
А.Х. ХАДИКОВА

Статья посвящена историко-антропологическому анализу «этнического пространства» — понятия, повсеместно употребляемого, но не имеющего в этнологии определен- ного категориального статуса. В статье обосновывается необходимость нового осмысления учеными-этнологами многих этнических концептов в применении к конкретным народам. Специфика, сущность и содержание концепта «этническое пространство», его связь с процессами этнической самоидентификации осетин исследуется посредством двух направлений научного поиска. Первое — уточнение содержания самого понятия, второе — выявление способов его актуализации в этнической реальности осетинского этноса. Опираясь на собственный исследовательский опыт, автор утверждает, что по смысловой наполненности, структуре и инструментальной функциональности понятие «этническое пространство» соотносится с феноменом этничности и полностью его вбирает. Более того, концепт «этническое пространство / поле» содержит перспективу подъема этничности с ее конвертацией в политическую активность. У осетин качество главных маркеров индивидуальной и коллективной этнической идентичности, основных концептов этничности, очерчивающих «границы» этнического пространства, обрели реликты социогуманитарной сферы. Своеобразным «гарантом» категории этнического пространства у осетин является феномен исторической памяти. Основные ценности и символы этничности соотносимы с теми компонентами общего культурного поля, которые можно считать «доразделенными» и которые в наивысшей степени отражают обстоятельства исторического пути этого народа, включая самые ранние его этапы. В «своей» этнической среде они тесно связаны с представлениями о насущных и долгосрочных этнических интересах, и в определенных обстоятельствах именно они могут стать частью общей национальной идеи северных и южных осетин. The article is devoted to the historical and anthropological analysis of «ethnic space “ — a concept that is widely used, but does not have a certain categorical status in Ethnology. The article substantiates the need for a new understanding of many ethnic concepts by ethnologists in the application to specific peoples. The specificity, essence and content of the concept «ethnic space», its connection with the processes of ethnic self-identification of Ossetians is studied through two directions of scientific research. The first is to clarify the content of the concept, the second — to identify ways of its actualization in the ethnic reality of a particular Ossetian ethnic group. Based on his own research experience, the author argues that the semantic content, structure and instrumental functionality of the concept of «ethnic space» is correlated with the phenomenon of ethnicity and completely absorbs it. Moreover, the concept of «ethnic space / field» incorporates the prospect of the rise of ethnicity, the actualization of which is fraught with turning to political activity. The quality of the main markers of individual and collective ethnic identity, the basic concepts of ethnicity, outlining the «borders» of ethnic space have acquired relics of the socio-humanitarian sphere. A kind of «guarantor» of the category of ethnic space of the Ossetians is the phenomenon of historical memory. The main values and symbols of ethnicity are correlated with those components of the common cultural field, which can be considered «divided» and which reflect the circumstances of the historical path of this people, including its earliest stages. In their «own» ethnic environment, they are closely related to the ideas of vital and long-term ethnic interests, and in certain circumstances they can become part of the national idea of the North and South Ossetians.


2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-426
Author(s):  
Pham Van Ninh ◽  
Phan Ngoc Vinh ◽  
Nguyen Manh Hung ◽  
Dinh Van Manh

Overall the evolution process of the Red River Delta based on the maps and historical data resulted in a fact that before the 20th century all the Nam Dinh coastline was attributed to accumulation. Then started the erosion process at Xuan Thuydistrict and from the period of 1935 - 1965 the most severe erosion was contributed in the stretch from Ha Lan to Hai Trieu, 1965 - 1990 in Hai Chinh - Hai Hoa, 1990 - 2005 in the middle part of Hai Chinh - Hai Thinh (Hai Hau district). The adjoining stretches were suffered from not severe erosion. At the same time, the Ba Lat mouth is advanced to the sea and to the North and South direction by the time with a very high rate.The first task of the mathematical modeling of coastal line evolution of Hai Hau is to evaluate this important historical marked periods e. g. to model the coastal line at the periods before 1900, 1935 - 1965; 1965 - 1990; 1990 - 2005. The tasks is very complicated and time and working labors consuming.In the paper, the primarily results of the above mentioned simulations (as waves, currents, sediments transports and bottom - coastal lines evolution) has been shown. Based on the obtained results, there is a strong correlation between the protrusion magnitude and the southward moving of the erosion areas.


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