Effect of Heat on the Fertility of the Codling Moth, Carpocapsa pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae)

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Proverbs ◽  
J. R. Newton
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Sterile Male ◽  
Mating Ability

This is the first of a series of papers dealing with investigations that were commenced in 1956 at Summerland, British Columbia, to determine if the codling moth, Carpocapsa pomonella (L.), could be eradicated in the interior of British Columbia by the release of sexually sterile male moths.One of the most important prerequisites for the success of this method is the development of a technique that will sterilize the male without seriously affecting its behaviour, particularly mating ability and longevity. Complete or almost complete sterility has been induced in one or both sexes of certain species of insects by feeding them chemicals (LaBrecque et al., 1960), or by exposing them to X- or gamma rays (Bushland and Hopkins, 1953), or by subjecting them to abnormally high temperatures (Riordan, 1957).

Temperature-induced pupil movements in insect superposition eyes

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Nordstrom ◽  
E.J. Warrant
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Agrotis Segetum ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Ambient Light Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Response To Temperature

In this paper, we describe the hitherto largely overlooked effect of temperature on the pupil of insect compound eyes. In the turnip moth Agrotis segetum and in two other nocturnal insects with superposition eyes, the lacewing Euroleon nostras and the codling moth Cydia pomonella, the pupil not only opens and closes with changes in the ambient light level, as expected, but also with changes in temperature in the absence of light. In complete darkness, the pupil of A. segetum responds over a wide range of temperatures, with the pupillary pigments migrating to a light-adapted position when the animal is exposed to either low or high temperatures. At temperatures between 21.0 and 22.7 C, the pigments migrate to the fully dark-adapted position, resulting in an open pupil and maximal eye glow. Pupil closure at high temperatures shows two distinct thresholds: the first at 23.8+/−0.7 C and a second some degrees higher at 25.7+/−1.2 C (means +/− s.d., N=10). Temperatures exceeding the first threshold (the activation temperature, T(a)) initiate a closure of the pupil that is completed when the temperature exceeds the second threshold (the closure temperature, T(c)), which causes rapid and complete migration of pigment to the light-adapted position. All temperatures above T(a) affect the pupil, but only temperatures exceeding T(c) result in complete closure. Temperatures between T(a) and T(c) cause a slow, partial and rather unpredictable closure. The lacewing and the codling moth both show very similar responses to those of A. segetum, suggesting that this response to temperature is widespread in superposition eyes. The possibility that the ambient temperature could be used to pre-adapt the eye to different light intensities is discussed.

The Sterile Male Technique and its Possible Use for Codling Moth Eradication

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 143-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Proverbs
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Sterile Male ◽  
Native Population ◽  
Normal Behaviour ◽  
Economical Method ◽  
Beneficial Insects ◽  
The World ◽  
Dominant Lethality

Chemicals must be used to control the codling moth, Carpocapsa pomonella (L.), in most apple and pear growing areas throughout the world. Unfortunately, this practice has caused or contributed to greatly increased mite populations, decimation of many beneficial insects, insecticide resistance, soil poisoning, and other problems. Successful use of the sterile male technique against the codling moth would eliminate or alleviate a number of these problems. This technique consists essentially in the sustained over-flooding of the native population with sexually sterile males. The main prerequisites for its use include: (1) a method of inducing sterility or dominant lethality in the sperm without affecting normal behaviour or longevity of the male, (2) the released insects themselves must not be injurious or noxious, ( 3 ) the method of release should permit intimate mingling of the sterile males with the native population, and (4) the availability of an economical method of mass culturing the insect. Photographs illustrate how these prerequisites were investigated for the codling moth.

CODLING MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE): SUPPRESSION BY MALE REMOVAL WITH SEX PHEROMONE TRAPS IN THREE BRITISH COLUMBIA ORCHARDS

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.F. Madsen ◽  
B.E. Carty
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sex Pheromone Traps ◽  
Special Circumstances ◽  
Okanagan Valley

AbstractSex pheromone traps to control codling moth by male removal was evaluated in three orchards in the Okanagan Valley. The program was successful in only one of the three orchards. This orchard is completely isolated and codling moth control has been obtained for 5 years. In a second orchard, codling moth populations were reduced by sprays prior to the male removal program. The program was successful in 1977, as the per cent injured fruit was only 0.6. In 1978, the codling moth capture rose sharply and at harvest the per cent injured fruit was 8.0. There was a high infestation in the third orchard when the program was initiated, and in 1976, the per cent injured fruit dropped to 10.4% from 60.0 in 1975. The per cent fruit injured by codling moth rose to 37.4 in 1977 and to 60.2 in 1978 under the male removal program. Our data show that this method of control is effective only under special circumstances, where codling moth populations are low and where isolation precludes reinfestation.

Introduction: A GIS application to improve codling moth management in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Vernon ◽  
Howard Thistlewood ◽  
Scott Smith ◽  
Todd Kabaluk
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Gis Application ◽  
Okanagan Valley

INTEGRATED CONTROL OF ORCHARD MITES ON APPLE IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
R. S. Downing ◽  
J. C. Arrand
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Phytoseiid Mite ◽  
Organophosphate Insecticides ◽  
Wide Acceptance ◽  
Mite Control ◽  
Laspeyresia Pomonella ◽  
Integrated Concept

AbstractIn 1965, strains of the predaceous phytoseiid mite, Typhlodromus occidentalis Nesbitt, had developed resistance to azinphosmethyl, one of the organophosphate insecticides used to control the codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella (L.). From 1966 to 1968, trials with integrated mite control in growers’ orchards were carried out successfully preserving the predator T. occidentalis. In most cases, an application of oil at the half-inch green bud stage was applied. The integrated concept of orchard mite control was recommended to the British Columbia fruit industry in 1969 and gained wide acceptance. In 1974, a survey of eight of the original integrated control orchards revealed that none of them had been treated with a summer acaricide since 1968. In six orchards, application of oil at the half-inch green bud stage had been used annually but two had not even received the oil spray. In all the orchards there was a good biological balance of a few predators and a few prey.

Codling Moth Control by the Sterility Method in Twenty-One British Columbia Orchards12

1977 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 667-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Proverbs ◽  
J. R. Newton ◽  
D. M. Logan
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Codling Moth
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