Polybutenes in Orchard Pest Control

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 1222-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Downing
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Methods Of Control

In British Columbia the control of phytophagous mites, especially the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), and the McDaniel spider mite, Tetranychus mcdanieli McG., is becoming increasingly difficult, mainly because of the mites' ability to develop resistance to most acaricides in a relatively short time (3). Because of this, methods of control other than strictly chemical are examined at every opportunity.

POPULATION STUDIES OF PHYTOPHAGOUS MITES AND PREDATORS ON APPLE IN SOUTHWESTERN QUEBEC

1967 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 771-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Parent
Keyword(s):  
Spider Mite ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Similar Relationship ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite

AbstractEcological studies, undertaken to determine the fluctuations of phytophagous mites and predators in apple orchards, were conducted in 1955, 1956, and 1957 at Rougemont, Que., in two plots sprayed only with fungicides for the control of apple scab, Venturia inaequalis (Cke) Wint., and in a third one sprayed, in addition to fungicides, with all insecticides needed for the control of destructive insects. Phytophagous mites were more numerous in the plot sprayed with insecticides than in plots sprayed only with fungicides, and densities of the mites in the latter plots were inversely proportional to densities of predators. A similar relationship existed in the insecticide plot between the amount of chemicals used and numbers of predators present. The principal mite predators were Typhlodromus rhenanus (Oudms.), most effective against the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, and Mediolata mali (Ewing), most effective against the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch).

PLICTRAN AS AN ORCHARD ACARICIDE IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 1604-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Downing ◽  
T. K. Moilliet
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Selective Action ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Metaseiulus Occidentalis ◽  
Mite Control ◽  
Aculus Schlechtendali

AbstractPlictran (tricyclohexyltin hydroxide) was very effective against the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), and the apple rust mite, Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa), when applied at the pink bud stage of apple bud development. Plictran as a summer spray was not so effective because a small number of phytophagous mites survived. Plictran, however, is low in toxicity to the predaceous phytoseiids Metaseiulus occidentalis (Nesbitt) and Typhloseiopsis sp. near arboreus (Chant), and these predators increased on the surviving phytophagous mites. Because of this selective action, Plictran is a very promising acaricide for use in integrated mite control programs.

Notes on Parathion-Resistant Strains of Two Phytophagous Mites and a Predacious Mite in British Columbia

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. G. Morgan ◽  
N. H. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Predacious Mites ◽  
Predacious Mite ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Tetranychus Pacificus

The existence of strains of mites resistant to parathion has been well established (Garman, 1950; Lienk, Dean, & Chapman, 1952; Newcomer & Dean, 1952; Smith & Fulton, 1951). Resistant strains of the European red mite, Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch), first occurred in orchards of the Pacific northwest in 1950 (Newcomer, 1951; O'Neill & Hantsbarger, 1951), approximately three years after parathion was first used as an acaricide. Two other species of orchard mites, the Pacific mite, Tetranychus pacificus McG., and T. mcdanieli McG., were subsequently reported to have developed parathion-resistant strains in the same area (Newcomer & Dean, 1953). Though parathion is lethal to most predacious mites and insects, Huffaker and Kennett (1953) found a difference in tolerance between species of Typhlodromus in the field and in the laboratory: T. reticulatus Oudms. was very susceptible to parathion whereas T. occidentalis Nesbitt was not appreciably affected by it.

EFFECTS OF SEVIN ON PHYTOPHAGOUS MITES AND PREDATORS IN AN ONTARIO PEACH ORCHARD

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wm. L. Putman ◽  
D. C. Herne
Keyword(s):  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Predacious Mite ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Peach Orchard ◽  
Stethorus Punctillum

Numbers of the European red mite (Panonychus ulmi Koch) increased but those of the brown mite (Bryobia arborea Morgan & Anderson) and the peach silver mite (Vasates cornutus Banks) decreased after sprays of Sevin (N-methyl-1-naphthyl carbamate) were applied to peach trees. Sevin practically eliminated the predacious mite Typhlodromus rhenanus Oudms., and larvae and pupae of Stethorus punctillum Weise, and greatly reduced the numbers of adults of S. punctillum, chrysopid larvae, and spiders.

THE INFLUENCE OF SPRAY PROGRAMS ON THE FAUNA OF APPLE ORCHARDS IN NOVA SCOTIA: XX. TRENDS AFTER ALTERING LEVELS OF PHYTOPHAGOUS MITES OR PREDATORS

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 592-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Sanford ◽  
H. J. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Typhlodromus Pyri ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Predacious Species

AbstractUtilizing the knowledge of their direct effects, the materials ryania, carbaryl, and Animert V-101 applied to a uniformly distributed population of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), altered the populations in plots in an apple orchard. Trends after treatment in both host mite and predator populations were assessed. Supplementary applications of the acaricides Animert V-101 or dicofol directed against certain generations of P. ulmi controlled outbreaks and altered the faunal levels during the following season. Ryania was largely innocuous to most species of predators with the exception of Atractotomus mali (Meyer) and Diaphnocoris spp., carbaryl was detrimental to most predacious species, and Animert V-101, while selectively toxic to phytophagous mites, was innocuous to all predacious insects and Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten.Phytophagous mite populations may be altered to almost prescribed levels with pesticides when the predator populations are known. This allows selective chemicals to be used to complement the predator effect and maintain red mites below the threshold of damage.

ESTIMATING MITE POPULATIONS IN SOUTHERN OREGON PEAR ORCHARDS

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Westigard ◽  
L. D. Calvin
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Mite Density ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite

AbstractStudies were conducted in southern Oregon pear orchards to develop sampling methods for assessment of mite abundance. Those species included in the investigation were the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch; European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch); yellow spider mite, Eotetranychus carpini borealis (Ewing); and the predaceous phytoseiid Typhlodromus occidentalis Nesbitt.The results show that five leaves on one limb per tree are adequate to include representative numbers of the four mite species. Variation in mite densities between trees, even of the same variety, was quite high. The sample size (numbers of trees) required for assessing mite density can be calculated provided that an estimate of the coefficient of variation (S/X) is available.

COMPARISONS BETWEEN AN EXOTIC AND AN ENDEMIC PHYTOSEIID MITE PREDATOR (ACARINA: PHYTOSEIIDAE) IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1974 ◽  
Vol 106 (7) ◽  
pp. 773-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Downing ◽  
T. K. Moilliet
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Phytoseiid Mite ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Amblyseius Fallacis ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Mite Predator ◽  
Phytoseiid Predator

AbstractIn 1972, an organophosphate resistant strain of the phytoseiid predator Amblyseius fallacis (Garman) from Michigan compared favourably with the endemic Typhlodromus occidentalis Nesbitt, from Summerland, B.C., in laboratory and greenhouse trials against European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), and was later released into an orchard. By August 1972, A. fallacis had decreased whereas population densities of T. occidentalis increased. Examination of leaves and bark from the trees, and weeds, grass, and litter beneath the trees in 1973 confirmed that A. fallacis failed to survive in the Okanagan environment.

Sevin as a Systemic Miticide for the Pear Leaf Blister Mite, Eriophyes pyri (Pgst.) (Acarina: Eriophyidae)

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 680-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. G. Morgan ◽  
P. T. Yee ◽  
F. E. Brinton
Keyword(s):  
Spider Mite ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Insect Control ◽  
Predacious Mite ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Ornithonyssus Sylviarum ◽  
Northern Fowl Mite ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite

Sevin (1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate) was first shown to have miticidal properties in 1957 when Allen et al. (1) found that it was moderately effective for the control oi the cyclamen mite, Steneotarsonmus pallidus (Banks), on strawberries. Subsequently it was demonstrated that Sevin would control the northern fowl mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum (C. and F.) (7, 8, 9), suppress the brown mite, Bryobia arborea M. and A. (18), and the peach silver mite, Vasates cornutus (Banks) (18), and practically eliminate the predacious mite, Typhlodromus rhenanus Oudms. (18). It is not toxic to the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (18), the desert spider mite, Tetranychus desertorum Banks (4), and the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus telarius (L.) (6, 15); usually the use of Sevin for insect control will increase the numbers of these mites, and in this respect its effect is similar to that of DDT.

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