Notes on Parasites of the Wheat Stem Sawfly, Cephus pygmaeus (L.) (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) from Continental Europe

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 714-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽  
Cephus Cinctus ◽  
Research Institute

Larvae of the European wheat stem sawfly, Cephus pygmaeus (L.), in hibernacula in wheat stubs were obtained from Russia and Sweden in the fall of 1959 by the Entomology Research Institute for Biological Control in a renewed attempt to find parasites for use against the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Nort., in Western Canada. An earlier attempt to colonize the parasite Collyria calcitrator (Grav.) from England failed in spite of early promise of success (Smith, unpublished reports). Though Collyria spp. were expected to predominate in the Continental collections, their different geographical origins opened the prospect of finding different species or strains better suited to Canadian conditions. There was also the possibility of discovering additional parasites suitable for trials in Canada.

Biology of Bracon cephi (Gahan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), An Important Native Parasite of the Wheat Stem Sawfly, Cephus cinctus Nort. (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), in Western Canada

1953 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Nelson ◽  
C. W. Farstad
Keyword(s):  
Western Canada ◽  
Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽  
Cephus Cinctus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Native Parasite ◽  
Prairie Provinces

During the past 25 years the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Nort., has become one of the most destructive pests of wheat in the Prairie Provinces. Annual losses in the wheat-growing area of Saskatchewan have been estimated as high as 17 million bushels (King and McDonald, 1944). There are, however, several native parasites of this pest, and of these Bracon cephi (Gahan) [Microbracon cephi Gahan] is the most important. In some areas this parasite has been very effective in reducing severe sawfly infestations.

Colonisation in Canada of Collyria calcitrator (Hym. Ichn.), a Parasite of the Wheat-stem Sawfly

1931 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽  
Cephus Cinctus

In response to the expressed desire of Mr. Arthur Gibson, Dominion Entomologist, to introduce European parasites to aid in controlling the Western Wheat-stem Sawfly, Cephus cinctus, a shipment of 15,000 wheat stubs containing parasitised Cephus pygmaeus was forwarded to Canada from the Farnham House Laboratory, Farnham Royal, Bucks, England, in the early spring of 1930. This stubble was received at the Dominion Parasite Laboratory, Belleville, Ontario, and was there held in cold storage until reshipped to Western Canada, where the parasite, Collyria calcitrator, was to be liberated.

Assessing phenological synchrony between the Chinese sawfly, Cephus fumipennis (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), its egg-larval parasitoid, Collyria catoptron (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), and the North American sawfly, Cephus cinctus: implications for biological control

2015 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana A. Rand ◽  
Wendell L. Morrill ◽  
Justin B. Runyon ◽  
Kim A. Hoelmer ◽  
Thomas G. Shanower ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Western Montana ◽  
Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽  
Cephus Cinctus ◽  
The North ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
Emergence Patterns ◽  
Novel Host ◽  
Diapause Development ◽  
Chinese Wheat

AbstractMany pest and beneficial insects overwinter as larvae in a state of diapause, with development resuming in the spring. In these cases, rates of post-diapause development of parasitoids must be synchronised with the vulnerable life stages of their hosts. Phenological asynchrony between introduced parasitoids and their targeted hosts has limited the success of some biological control efforts. Here, we assess the potential synchrony between Collyria catoptron Wahl (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a parasitoid of the Chinese wheat stem sawfly, Cephus fumipennis Eversmann (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), which is being considered as a biological control against a novel host species, Cephus cinctus Norton, in North America. We compared development timing and emergence patterns of both native and exotic species of sawflies with that of the parasitoid. We found that the mean number of days between termination of larval diapause and adult eclosion varied by less than one day across species, and patterns of emergence were also similar. The rate of development of this egg-larval parasitoid was within the range necessary to attack C. cinctus eggs. Furthermore, the development of C. cinctus from western Montana, United States of America most closely matched that of the parasitoid, suggesting western Montana as a possible release area.

Status in Ontario of Collyria calcitrator (Grav.) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and of Pediobius beneficus (Gahan) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) as Parasites of the European Wheat Stem Sawfly, Cephus pygmaeus (L.) (Hymenoptera: Cephidae)

1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 697-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽  
Cephus Cinctus ◽  
South Central ◽  
The Future ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Important Parasite ◽  
Prairie Provinces

Collyria calcitrator (Grav.) is an important parasite of the wheat stem sawflies Cephus pygmaeus (L.) and C. (Trachelus) tabidus (F .) in Europe (Salt, 193 1). It was imported from England and released against the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Nort., in the Prairie Provinces, especially Saskatchewan, from 1930 to 1939. One of its usual hosts, the European wheat stem sawfly, C. pygmaeus, first reported in Ontario in a meadow near Ottawa in 1887 (Harrington, 1890), was first recorded as damaging wheat in Ontario in the counties of Hastings, Prince Edward, and York in 1938. I t was a serious pest in New York and Pennsylvania in the early 1920's (Ries, 1926). As C. cinctus was a major pest of wheat in Western Canada and C. pygmaeus a pest in New York and Pennsylvania, the discovery of moderate to heavy infestations of C. pygmaeus in several localities in south-central Ontario in 1939 by Mr. G. H. Hammond, Entomology Field Station, Marmora, caused concern about the future importance of the sawfly as a pest of wheat in Ontario. C. calcitrator was being imported from England for release against C. cincctus in Western Canada at the time and advantage was taken of the opportunity to release the parasite in Ontario as a possible aid in control.

Parasites of the Wheat-stem Sawfly, Cephus pygmaeus, Linnaeus, in England

1931 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Salt
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽  
Cephus Cinctus ◽  
Principal Factors

For a number of years the western grass-stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus, Norton, has been accounted one of the major insect pests of wheat in Western Canada. Originally a grass-feeder, it began to attack wheat about the beginning of the present century, at first only occasionally and at the edges of fields in Manitoba, later much more commonly and with a very wide distribution throughout the wheat-growing areas of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta. While this sawfly was confined to native grasses it was held in check by two principal factors (Criddle, 1922) : shortage of grass stalks suitable for oviposition, and parasites. When, however, it began to attack wheat, both of these restraints were evaded. In the first place the wheat fields provided an abundance of host-plants. In the second place, the natural parasites of the sawfly did not move with it into the grain fields—whether they are unaware of the presence of their host in wheat plants or are unable to attack it in that situation is unknown.

Effect of Time of Seeding Apex Wheat on Infestation and Sex Ratio of the Wheat Stem Sawfly, Cephus cinctus Nort. (Hymenoptera: Cephidae)

1952 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Jacobson ◽  
C. W. Farstad
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽  
Cephus Cinctus

In 1945 a field experiment was designed at the Lethbridge laboratory to augment data on the effect of the time of seeding on infestation by the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Nort. At that time one of the recommendations for the control of this insect was to delay seeding wheat until after May 15. The resulting crop escaped infestation because of the retarded plant during the period of the sawfly flight.

Studies of Predators of the Balsam Woolly Aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae): XI. Cremifania nigrocellulata Cz. (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), An Introduced Predator in Eastern Canada

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 1171-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Clark ◽  
N. R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Introduced Predator ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Commonwealth Institute ◽  
Adelges Piceae ◽  
Research Institute

Cremifania nigrocellulata Cz. is one of the complex of predators that attacks A. piceae (Ratz.) in Europe. After studies on its morphology, biology, and distribution were made by Delucchi and Pschorn-Walcher (1954), C. nigrocellulata was reared in Europe by the Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control and introduced into New Brunswick via the Entomology Research Institute for Biological Control, Belleville, Ontario.

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