Effects of Different Diets of a Host, Agria affinis (Fall.) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), on the Development of a Parasitoid, Aphaereta pallipes (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
pp. 1041-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. House ◽  
J. S. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Host Larva ◽  
Onion Maggot ◽  
Hylemya Antiqua ◽  
Host Diet

Agria [= Pseudosarcophaga] affinis (Fall.) and Aphaereta pallipes (Say) make an excellent host-parasitoid couple for a determination of effects of host diet on a parasitoid. The anatomy, life history, and behaviour of these insects have been described (Salkeld, 1959; Coppel et al., 1959). Moreover, A. affinis can be reared axenically on chemically defined diets and it is readily attacked in the laboratory by A. pallipes, a parasitoid of the onion maggot, Hylemya antiqua (Meig.). This parasitoid deposits eggs into the body cavity of its host and these increase in size: the duration of the egg stage depends on the age of the host larva when parasitized (Salkeld, 1959).

A Note on a Dipterous Predator of the Onion Maggot, Hylemya antiqua (Meig.)

1952 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 112-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Perron ◽  
J. Lafrance
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Onion Maggot ◽  
Hylemya Antiqua ◽  
History Of

In investigations on the life-history of the onion maggot at St. Jean, Que., in 1951, a few specimens of a dipterous predator were found in the rearing cages in the laboratory. They were feeding voraciously on the adults, destroying a colony of nearly 300 flies within two weeks.Specimens were identified by Mr. A. R. Brooks, Systematic Entomology, Division of Entomology, Saskatoon, Sask., as Coenosia tigrina (F.). Mr. G. E. Shewell, Systematic Entomology, Division of Entomology, Ottawa, has stated that nothing is known in Canada about the life-history of this species, but that it is apparently well known as a predator in Europe and that B. M. Hobby has published a long list of species on which it preys, including many anthomyiids.

Notes on Anatomy, Life-history, and Behaviour of Aphaereta pallipes (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a Parasite of the Onion Maggot, Hylemya antiqua (Meig.)

1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Salkeld
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Onion Maggot ◽  
Hylemya Antiqua ◽  
Muck Soil ◽  
Cabbage Maggot

During studies at Ottawa on the physioloLgy of the onion maggot, Hylemya antigua (Meig.), 29 per cent of 2,320 puparia that had been collected in muck soil at Ste. Clothilde, Que., in the autumn of 1957 were parasitized by the braconid Aphaereta pallipes (Say)2. There are few reports of this insect's parasitizing Diptera in Canada and none on its life-history orbehaviour. Hammond (1932) found it in first-generation puparia of the onion maggot at Ottawa. Wishart (1957) reared it from puparia of the cabbage maggot, Hylewyn brassicae (Bouché), collected from St. Martin and St. Rose, Que. Notes on the biologies of two other species of Aphaereta have been published by Graham-Smith (1919) and Evans (1933), the former on Aphaereta cephalotes (Hal.) and the latter on Aphaereta minuta Nees. Both species are parasites of carrion-infesting Diptera.

On the Nematode Parasite of the frit-fly, Oscinella frit, L

1930 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Goodey
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nematode Parasite ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Fly Larvae

In a paper recently published in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, the writer describes the discovery of certain small Tylenchoid nematodes in the swollen stems of the seedling oats suffering from frit-fly attack at Winches Farm, St. Albans. Adults of both sexes and larvæ undergoing the last two moults were found in the destroyed plant tissues surrounding the fly larvæ. The spermatized female worms were next discovered within the body-cavity of the frit-fly larvæ. In due course, they were obtained from pupæ of the fly, having increased in size, and finally were found within adult flies of both sexes lying coiled within the abdomen as comparatively large sausage-shaped worms. As a result of the presence of the worm, the flies are sterilised, being unable to develop their reproductive organs. The worms become viviparous and shed large numbers of larvæ into the body-cavity of the fly and these, after undergoing a certain amount of growth, make their way into the gut of the host and pass to the exterior via the anus. In the present communication a brief account is given of the principal observations on the new parasite, its life-history and the effects on the host, described in detail in the original paper.

The Life History of Onesia accepta Malloch (Diptera, Calliphoridae)

Parasitology ◽  
1933 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of

The life history of Onesia accepta Mall. is described. This species is parasitic on the earthworm Microscolex dubius Fletcher. The first and second larval instars are passed under the skin and the third instar in the body cavity of the host. The feeding period of the maggot is approximately 20 days, and the pupal stage about 12 days.The external morphology of the three larval instars and of the puparium is described in detail.

scholarly journals A Contribution to Our Knowledge of the Life History of Arenicola Marina L.

1948 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 554-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Newell
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Full Moon ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Arenicola Marina ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Moon

The breeding season of the lugworms of the Whitstable area is a sharply defined one, extending for 14 days between the new moon and full moon spring tides in the second half of October. Spawning begins slowly and reaches a maximum at the intervening neap tides and then declines in intensity.Both eggs and sperms are discharged from the burrows at extreme low water to lie on the surface of the sand. Here fertilization occurs.No germ cells were detected in the body cavity from November to June, but from August onwards to the end of October 98% of the adult worms are ripe.At the end of the spawning period about 40% of the adults die.A brief description of gametogenesis and of the mature gametes is given.Germ cells are discharged through the nephridia.

Regulation and Differentiation within Field-districts in Imaginal Discs of Drosophila

Development ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-216
Author(s):  
E. Hadorn
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Imaginal Discs ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Host Larva ◽  
Genital Disc ◽  
Genital Apparatus ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

Genital imaginal discs of third instar larvae of Drosophila have been cut into medial, paramedial, or transverse parts of different sizes. The fragments were then implanted into the body cavity of a host larva. This medium provides the implants with ample nutritional material and hormones. The fragments thus differentiate their imaginal structures simultaneously with the metamorphosing host. A detailed analysis of the respective differentiations of the various parts has led to the following results and revealed the following properties of the different blastemata which are embodied in a genital disc (Hadorn et al., 1946, 1949, 1950). 1. The building materials of the different parts (elemental organs) of the genital apparatus can be localized within the larval disc and a schematic map can be designed which indicates the positions of the presumptive areas (districts) which give rise either to sperm pumps, claspers, anal plates, spermathecae, or vaginal plates.

scholarly journals Eggshell and Histology Provide Insight on the Life History of a Pterosaur with Two Functional Ovaries

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 1599-1609 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIAOLIN WANG ◽  
ALEXANDER W. A. KELLNER ◽  
XIN CHENG ◽  
SHUNXING JIANG ◽  
QIANG WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Skeletal Maturity ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
External Layer ◽  
Medullary Bone ◽  
History Of

The counterpart of a previously described non-pterodactyloid pterosaur with an egg revealed the presence of a second egg inside the body cavity of this gravid female. It clearly shows that pterosaurs had two functional oviducts and demonstrates that the reduction of one oviduct was not a prerequisite for developing powered flight, at least in this group. Compositional analysis of one egg suggests the lack of a hard external layer of calcium carbonate. Histological sections of one femur lack medullary bone and further demonstrate that this pterosaur reached reproductive maturity before skeletal maturity. This study shows that pterosaurs laid eggs even smaller than previously thought and had a reproductive strategy more similar to basal reptiles than to birds. Whether pterosaurs were highly precocial or needed parental care is still open to debate.

The life-history of Archigetes limnodrili (Yamaguti) (Cestoda: Caryophyllaeidae) and its development in the invertebrate host

Parasitology ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
The Body ◽  
Invertebrate Host ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Nature Conservancy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

The development of Archigetes limnodrili in species of Limnodrilus is described. There is no free-living larva and eggs are ingested by the tubificids. Growth and development is completed within the body cavity of the annelid, and egg liberation is accomplished by release of the parasite and decay of its body.Breeding of A. limnodrili takes place throughout the year. In the localities investigated there was no evidence that a fish host was required in the life-cycle. Progenesis was the only type of development encountered in Britain.A. limnodrili exhibits an unusual degree of host specificity, being found only in species of Limnodrilus. It is suggested that this is due to differences in the composition of the coelom or intestine of Limnodrilus compared to other genera.The degree of infection in all localities is very low, and shows no regular seasonal variation. There is no similarity in the seasonal changes in different localities.The relationship between the host and parasite is a stable one, and there is little mutual damage. Factors contributing to this stability are discussed.The development of A. limnodrili is compared with that of other species of Archigetes, and the life-history discussed with particular reference to the phenomenon of progenesis.I wish to thank Professor R. J. Pumphrey in whose Department this work was carried out, and Dr J. C. Chubb for his constant advice and criticism. I also wish to thank Dr K. H. Mann and the University of Reading for provision of specimens and permitting me the use of their facilities. The work was carried out during the tenure of a Nature Conservancy Research Studentship.

The adrenal homologues in the lungfish Protopterus

1950 ◽  
Vol 137 (889) ◽  
pp. 549-562 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dorsal Aorta ◽  
Cortical Tissue ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Chemical Technique ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Medullary Cells

No tissue representing the cortex of the adrenal gland has yet been described in the Dipnoi, though it is known in elasmobranchs and in all tetrapod vertebrates. In the mammalian adrenal, lipine-containing inclusions give the cortical cells a char­acteristic appearance at certain stages of their life history. All those viscera of Protopterus which might be suspected of containing cortical tissue were studied in sections by a histo-chemical technique specific for phospholipines. Large intracellular droplets containing phospholipine were demonstrated in a tissue widely distributed around the kidneys, gonads and dorsal aorta throughout the body cavity. The medullary homologue was identified by the chromaffin reaction, and proved to lie, as stated by Giacomini, in the walls of the intercostal branches of the dorsal aorta. The innerva­tion of these medullary cells, from the sympathetic chains, was demonstrated by a silver method. It is suggested that the lipine-containing tissue is that which became the cortex of tetrapods. Its distribution in Protopterus, and its relations with the medullary cells, are such that the elasmobranch and tetrapod adrenals could be derived from it by varying degrees of suppression and migration of the tissues. Amongst Amphibia the adrenal of the Gymnophiona is most similar in arrangement to that of Protopterus . The lipine tissue is so situated as to be readily available for biochemical and endocrinological studies.

Notes on the Life-History of the Onion Maggot, Hylemya antiqua (Meig.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) Reared in Field Cages

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Perron ◽  
J. Lafrance
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Onion Maggot ◽  
Hylemya Antiqua ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
History Of

The onion maggot, Hylemya antiqua (Meig), has three distinct generations a year in Canada (Armstrong 1924, Hammond 1924, Baker 1928, Lafrance and Perron 1959), and usually two generations in England (Miles 1955). In Canada the three generations overlap considerably and adults of each generation are observed in flight in late summer (Perron et al. 1953). It is the most important pest of onions (Matthewman et al. 1950, Hudon and Perron 1956), and the first generation is the most injurious to the onion plants (Kendall 1932, Miles 1953).

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