Developmental Rates of Larch Sawfly (Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.)) Larvae in an Insectary and in Field Shelters

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 668-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. H. Ives
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Sawfly Larvae ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
Developmental Rates

In 1959 a study was conducted in the Whiteshell Forest Reserve, Manitoba, to determine if insectary-reared larch sawfly larvae developed at the same rate as in the field. Data were collected on the rate of frass production in both situations and used as an index of larval development. This was part of a broader study that will be reported on more fully in a later publication, but the immediate results should be of interest to those concerned with studies on ecological life histories of other insects.

Mortality of Cocoons of the Larch Sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), in Relation to Distance from Small-Mammal Tunnels

1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 535-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Buckner
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the fate of cocoons of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), and distance from small-mammal tunnels was studied during 1958 in the Whiteshell Forest Reserve of eastern Manitoba. The objects were to determine the distance that small mammals can detect cocoons and to observe possible effects of the interactions of small-mammal predation and other natural mortality factors of the insect. Additional analyses of the data provided information on the behaviour of the predators and the ecology of the prey insect.

Effects of Defoliation on Survival of Larvae of the Larch Sawfly Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.)

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 887-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. H. Ives
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Searching Behaviour ◽  
Sawfly Larvae ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
Early Instar ◽  
Larval Movement

AbstractThe searching behaviour of fifth-instar larch sawfly larvae on artificially defoliated tamarack branches and trees is discussed. Local defoliation is shown to be capable of causing appreciable mortality among early-instar larvae if feeding damage by earlier colonies forces them to wander in search of food. Air temperature affects the distance and rate of such larval movement. A considerable proportion of dislodged fifth-instar larvae are able to reach foliage and resume feeding on nearby host trees.

A Sequential Sampling Technique for Surveys of the Larch Sawfly

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. H. Ives ◽  
R. M. Prentice
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Sequential Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Forest Insects ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Larch Sawfly

Sequential sampling methods have been developed for population surveys of a number of forest insects (4, 6, 7, 9). These methods permit rapid classification of populations into broad infestation classes with predetermined accuracy and a minimum of sampling, and are useful for mapping and recording widespread infestations.The method of assessing egg populations of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), developed by Ives (3) for intensive population studies, was not suitable for surveys because of the large sample size required. A sequential plan for the larch sawfly using hypothetical infestation classes was briefly reviewed by Ives (2). This plan is modified in the present paper in accordance with new data that have accumulated from observations on plots in the Whiteshell Forest Reserve and other stands in Manitoba and Saskatchewan.

HOST DERIVED CHEMICALS: THE BASIS FOR PREFERENTIAL FEEDING BEHAVIOR OF THE LARCH SAWFLY, PRISTIPHORA ERICHSONII (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE), ON TAMARACK, LARIX LARICINA

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Wagner ◽  
T. Ikeda ◽  
D. M. Benjamin ◽  
F. Matsumura
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Sawfly Larvae ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
Short Shoots ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Preferential Feeding

AbstractLarch sawfly larvae, Pristiphora erichsonii (Hartig), naturally reject single needles of newly elongated shoots and consume only tufted foliage from 1 year or older short shoots of tamarack, Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch. Forest entomologists have recognized this unusual feeding behavior for over a century, but not until now has the mechanism been understood. In the bioassasy of unpurified single needle methanol extracts (concn. 1 g needle/ml), 88.5% of the larvae were feeding on the control end of the bioassay twig (solvent only) after 4 h. This was significantly different from a similar bioassay of tufted foliage extract (t-value significant at 0.02 level) and a non-treated control bioassay (distilled water on both ends of bioassay twig) (t-value significant at 0.01 level). In the bioassay of a purified extract of single tamarack needles (TLC fraction 7), 81% of larvae were feeding on the untreated end (t-value significant 0.02). Thin-layer chromatography fraction 7, of eight fractions delineated, alone induced significant feeding inhibition.

Influence of Plants other than the Food Plants of their Host on Host-Finding by Tachinid Parasites

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 641-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Monteith
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Host Finding ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Sawfly Larvae ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
High Degree

Earlier work indicated that food plants of the tenthredinid sawflies attacked by Drino bohemica Mesn. and Bessa harveyi Tns. influence host-finding by these tachinid parasites (Monteith, 1955, 1958a). There is a high degree of interaction between stimuli produced by the host larvae and by their food plants (Monteith, 1955, 1958b).It was observed during field studies that the percentage parastism by B. harveyi of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), varied with increasing height above the ground and in different sections of tamarack trees, Larix larician (DuRoi) K. Koch, on which the sawfly larvae were feeding. It appeared that shrubs and trees other than L. laricina influenced host-finding by B. harveyi.

THE NATURAL IMMUNITY OF THE LARCH SAWFLY (PRISTIPHORA ERICHSONII (HTG.)) TO THE INTRODUCED PARASITE MESOLEIUS TENTHREDINIS MORLEY, IN MANITOBA AND SASKATCHEWAN

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Muldrew
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Sawfly Larvae ◽  
Ringer’S Solution ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Effective Inhibition ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
Immunity Reaction

By 1945 it was suspected that the larch sawfly in Saskatchewan and Manitoba had developed an immunity to the introduced parasite Mesoleius tenthredinis Morley. Results of subsequent studies showed that embryonic development of M. tenthredinis in sawfly larvae from Manitoba and Saskatchewan was inhibited three to four days after oviposition. No such inhibition occurred in larvae from British Columbia where the parasite is still highly effective. Inhibition seemed to be related to the deposition of phagocytic capsules around parasite embryos, which occurred in host larvae from Manitoba and Saskatchewan but not in larvae from British Columbia. Encapsulated parasite embryos were shown to be viable, for a number of them hatched after being placed in Ringer's solution. Viability decreased with age. Some embryos were viable seven months after oviposition, though the normal incubation period is 7 to 10 days. Unencapsulated embryos developed more rapidly than encapsulated embryos in Ringer's solution. Results obtained indicate that the phagocytes of the larch sawfly from Manitoba and Saskatchewan play an important role in the immunity reaction of this insect to M. tenthredinis.

History of Larch Sawfly Outbreaks and their Effect on Tamarack Stands in Manitoba and Saskatchewan

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Nairn ◽  
W. A. Reeks ◽  
F. E. Webb ◽  
V. Hildahl
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insect Survey

The larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), has been under observation in Manitoba and Saskatchewan since early in the present century. Recorded observations were somewhat fragmentary until 1937; since then systematic and detailed annual reports have been provided by the Forest Insect Survey and since 1948 intensive ecological and life table studies have been conducted by staff of the Winnipeg Laboratory at the Whiteshell Forest Reserve, Manitoba.

A Note on the Occurrence of the Larch Sawfly in Alaska

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 671-672
Author(s):  
Donald C. Schmiege
Keyword(s):  
First Record ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Sawfly Larvae ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Larch Sawfly

Larvae of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), were collected in Alaska in 1965. This is the first record of this insect in Alaska. On 26 and 27 July 1965, stands of tamarack, Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch, were examined at 16 locations along the Richardson Highway southeast of Fairbanks. Larch sawfly larvae were collected from 12 of the stands examined. Collection locations are shown in Fig. 1.

ESTIMATION OF EGG POPULATIONS OF THE LARCH SAWFLY, PRISTIPHORA ERICHSONII (HTG.)

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 370-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. H. Ives
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Proportional Allocation ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Number Of Branches

The larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), lays its eggs in the new terminal shoots of tamarack, Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch. The oviposition injury usually causes the shoots to curl. During 1952 a sampling project was conducted in the Whiteshell Forest Reserve, Manitoba, to determine the feasibility of sampling tamarack trees to obtain estimates of the egg population of the larch sawfly. Additional data on the frequency distribution of the number of larch sawfly eggs per shoot were collected in 1953 and 1954 from several areas in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. The number of eggs per curled tip varied between plots and between trees on one plot, but no factors contributing to variation could be found. The frequency distribution of the number of eggs per curled shoot was found to be a modified logarithmic normal distribution. The number of curled tips per branch and the number of branches per crown level varied between crown levels and between tree types. Stratification of the sample increased the efficiency of sampling, reducing the standard error of the mean by about 15% and the required sample size by about 30%. The large variation in the estimated number of curled tips per tree indicates that a large sample of trees is required to obtain accurate estimates. As a compromise between accuracy and practicability it is recommended that six-branch samples be taken from each of at least 15 trees, using stratified sampling with proportional allocation. Simple random sampling, taking two branches from the mid-crown of at least 25 trees, is suggested to provide a population index of sufficient accuracy for survey purposes.

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