A Simplified Clip Cage for Aphid Investigations

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 760-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Noble
Keyword(s):  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Simple Construction ◽  
Foam Rubber ◽  
Acrylic Plastic ◽  
Clip Cage

At the Vancouver laboratory a large number of cages were needed to confine aphids to single leaves in virus transmission experiments. The cages had to be of simple construction, light, and easily manipulared. The cage developed was similar to that of MacGillivray and Anderson (1957), but was simpler to make, and the materials were easily obtained locally. The materials are: acrylic plastic tubing, metal hair-curl clips, foam rubber, corks to fit the tubing, and muslin.

Treatment of Hemophilia A with a Highly Purified Factor VIII Concentrate Prepared by Anti-FVIIIc Immunoaffinity Chromatography

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (01) ◽  
pp. 019-027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E Addiego ◽  
Edward Gomperts ◽  
Liu Shu-Len ◽  
Patricia Bailey ◽  
Suzanne G Courter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Hemophilia A ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Human Albumin ◽  
Immunoaffinity Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Detergent Mixture

SummaryTo reduce the risk of pathogenic virus transmission associated with the therapeutic administration of plasma-derived antihemophilic factor (FVIIIc), a process utilizing anti-FVIIIc immunoaffinity chromatography to isolate FVIIIc has been developed. In addition, the starting cryoprecipitate solution has been treated with an organic solvent/detergent mixture to inactivate lipid-enveloped viruses. A final ion exchange chromatography step is used to further remove contaminants, e.g., anti-FVIIIc antibody, potentially leached with FVIIIc during the immunoaffinity step. The purified FVTII is stabilized for lyophili-zation and storage by the addition of human albumin. The monoclonal anti-FVIIIc antibody used in the immunoaffinity step of the process is not detectable in the final preparation. Viral reduction studies performed at specific steps of the process demonstrate that 11 logs of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and greater than 4-5 logs of other lipid-enveloped viruses are inactivated within the first 30 s of exposure to the solvent/ detergent mixture and 4-5 logs of various model viruses, e. g. Endomyocarditis virus (EMC), are physically removed during washing of the immunoaffinity column. The lyophilized product is reconstituted using sterile water in a matter of seconds.The pharmacokinetics of Hemofil® M were compared to those obtained using a standard heat-treated concentrate (Hemofil® CT) in five severe factor VIII deficient hemophiliacs in a randomized, cross-over study. No statistically significant differences were observed in mean half life (p >0.6) or median recovery (p = 0.4) between the two preparations. No clinically significant adverse effects were observed in patients receiving either FVIII preparation.In addition, 43 patients at 18 different centers underwent pharmacokinetic studies, with a nominal dose of 50 u/kg FVIIIc Hemofil® M. The mean recovery was 103.6%, and the t 1/2 was 14.6 h. The recovery of FVIII in this group was as expected, providing an increase of assayed FVIII of approximately 2% per unit of FVTII/kg infused.Clinical trials using Hemofil® M have been initiated in 124 hemophilia A patients. The safety and efficacy of Hemofil® M has been established. To date, 0 of 60 patients tested have seroconverted to HIV. None of the previously untreated patients show clinical or laboratory evidence of Non-A, Non-B hepatitis (NANB), with 21 patients remaining negative as far as presence of antibodies to the Hepatitis C virus (a-HCV negative) at least 6 months after the initial infusion. There is no evidence of neoantigenicity, evidenced by seroconversion to murine antibody. An 8.7% (2 of 23) prevalence of anti-FVIIIc inhibitor development has been observed in previously untreated patients with FVIIIc⩽3%, receiving only the monoclonally purified solvent/ detergent treated FVIII concentrate while on study and on poststudy surveillance. All patients demonstrated clinical hemostasis following product use for either on demand bleeding or surgical prophylaxis.

Increase in Reported Prevalence of Microcephaly in Infants Born to Women Living in Areas with Confirmed Zika Virus Transmission During the First Trimester of Pregnancy — Brazil, 2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanderson Kleber de Oliveira ◽  
Juan Cortez-Escalante ◽  
Wanessa Tenório Gonçalves Holanda De Oliveira ◽  
Greice Madeleine Ikeda do Carmo ◽  
Cláudio Maierovitch Pessanha Henriques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

Increase in Reported Prevalence of Microcephaly in Infants Born to Women Living in Areas with Confirmed Zika Virus Transmission During the First Trimester of Pregnancy — Brazil, 2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 242-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanderson Kleber de Oliveira ◽  
Juan Cortez-Escalante ◽  
Wanessa Tenório Gonçalves Holanda De Oliveira ◽  
Greice Madeleine Ikeda do Carmo ◽  
Cláudio Maierovitch Pessanha Henriques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

Green peach aphid and potato leafroll virus: transmission and control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Bagrov ◽  
◽  
V.I. Leunov
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Potato Leafroll Virus ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Potato Viruses ◽  
Tuber Necrosis ◽  
Aphid Vectors ◽  
Leafroll Virus ◽  
And Control

The mechanisms of transmission of potato viruses from plants to aphid vectors and from aphids to uninfected plants are described, including the example of the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae, GPA). Factors affecting the spreading of tuber necrosis and its manifestation on plants infected with potato leafroll virus (PLRV) are discussed. Recommendations for PLRV and GPA control in the field are given.

An exploration of target L2 morphemes in the oral production of young EFL learners in Croatia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena O'Reilly ◽  
Eva Jakupčević
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Simple Construction ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Oral Production ◽  
The Past ◽  
Base Form ◽  
Production Study ◽  
Efl Students

Although the second language (L2) acquisition of morphology by late L2 learners has been a popular research area over the past decades, comparatively little is known about the acquisition and development of morphology in children who learn English as a foreign language (EFL). Therefore, the current study presents the findings from a longitudinal oral production study with 9/10-year-old L1 Croatian EFL students who were followed up at the age of 11/12. Our results are largely in line with the limited research so far in this area: young EFL learners have few issues using the be copula and, eventually, the irregular past simple forms, but had considerable problems with accurately supplying the 3rd person singular -s at both data collection points. We also observed a be + base form structure, especially at the earlier stage, which appears to be an emergent past simple construction.

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