The Behaviour of the Mountain Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus monticolae Hopk., During Mating, Egg Laying, and Gallery Construction

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Reid
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle

The biology of the mountain pine beetle was studied in 1956 and 1957 near Invermere, in the East Kootenay region of British Columbia. The host tree was lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm.). The technique used permitted direct observation of mating, egg laying, and gallery construction. The sex ratio was also investigated under natural conditions and in cages. The most important previous work on the biology of this insect was done by De Leon, Bedard, and Terrell (1934).

Entomocorticium dendroctoni gen. et sp. nov. (Basidiomycotina), a possible nutritional symbiote of the mountain pine beetle in lodgepole pine in British Columbia

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Whitney ◽  
R. J. Bandoni ◽  
F. Oberwinkler
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Blue Stain

A new basidiomycete, Entomocorticium dendroctoni Whitn., Band. & Oberw., gen. et sp. nov., is described and illustrated. This cryptic fungus intermingles with blue stain fungi and produces abundant essentially sessile basidiospores in the galleries and pupal chambers of the mountain pine bark beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.). The insect apparently disseminates the fungus. Experimentally, young partially insectary reared adult beetles fed E. dendroctoni produced 19% more eggs than beetles fed the blue stain fungi.

Semiochemicals for the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonusponderosae (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in British Columbia: field trapping studies

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Conn ◽  
J. H. Borden ◽  
B. E. Scott ◽  
L. M. Friskie ◽  
H. D. Pierce Jr. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Aggregation Pheromone ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Field Trapping ◽  
The Other ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

The following compounds were field tested in multiple funnel or drainpipe traps as attractants for the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonusponderosae Hopkins, in British Columbia lodgepole pine, Pinuscontorta var. latifolia Engelm. forests: trans-verbenol, 3-caren-10-ol, acetophenone, E-2-methyl-6-methylene-octa-2,7-dienol (myrcenol) and 2-p-menthen-7-ol (all female-produced volatiles which had proven attractive in laboratory bioassays); exo-brevicomin (produced by males); and α-pinene, β-pinene, 3-carene, β-phellandrene, terpinolene and myrcene (host tree monoterpenes). trans-Verbenol was demonstrated to be a highly active aggregation pheromone, as was (±)-exo-brevicomin. Myrcene was the most effective synergistic monoterpene, while α-pinene was completely ineffective. In one experiment, 3-caren-10-ol caused a shift in favor of responding males, but the other female-produced volatiles were inactive.

Biology of the Mountain Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus monticolae Hopkins, in the East Kootenay Region of British Columbia II. Behaviour in the Host, Fecundity, and Internal Changes in the Female

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 605-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Reid
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Present Series ◽  
Behavioural Pattern ◽  
Brood Development ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle

This paper deals with the influence of bark moisture and temperature on the hehaviour of the egg-laying female within the host. Fecundity of the insect will he discussed, as well as internal changes associated with the behavioural pattern. The life-cycle, brood development, and time of flight was described in Part I of the present series. The behaviour during mating, egg laying, and gallery construction were described earlier (Reid 1958b).

scholarly journals Characteristics of forest legacies following two mountain pine beetle outbreaks in British Columbia, Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1387-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
René I. Alfaro ◽  
Lara van Akker ◽  
Brad Hawkes
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle

The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), a native insect of North America, periodically reaches population sizes that cause serious economic impact to the forest industry in western North America. The most recent outbreak in British Columbia (BC), Canada, which began in the late 1990s, is only now (2015) abating, after causing unprecedented tree mortality in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex. Loudon) forests. In this paper, we make use of permanent research plots to report on the condition of lodgepole pine forests in the Chilcotin Plateau of central BC, which underwent two fully documented mountain pine beetle outbreaks. In this region, the first outbreak started in the late 1970s and lasted until the mid-1980s; the second outbreak began in the early 2000s and ended in 2010. We measured the impacts of these outbreaks in terms of tree mortality and describe the characteristics of the legacies that remain following these outbreaks, including survivors in various canopy layers and levels of existing and new regeneration. We provide evidence in support of the existence of postdisturbance legacies that classify into five distinct stand structure types. Abundant regeneration and surviving intermediate canopy layers in most stands indicate that management actions to restock pine stands in this area will not likely be necessary. The information provided by this study is important for estimating future forest development and timber supply and for forest planning and management.

Susceptibility of lodgepole pine stands to the mountain pine beetle: testing of a rating system

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
T L Shore ◽  
L Safranyik ◽  
J P Lemieux
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Prediction Interval ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Pine Beetle

A system for rating the susceptibility of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) stands to the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) was field tested in 38 stands in the Cariboo forest region of British Columbia in a retrospective study. A linear relationship was defined between the percentage of basal area killed by the mountain pine beetle and the susceptibility indices for the sample stands. The system was further tested using an independent data set of 41 stands from across southern British Columbia. Forty of the 41 stands fell within the 95% prediction interval of the original model data for stand susceptibility. This study provides validation for a susceptibility rating model described in 1992. The regression model and associated confidence interval also provide a useful tool for landscape level loss predictions due to the mountain pine beetle.

scholarly journals Productivity and Cost of Partial Harvesting Method to Control Mountain Pine Beetle Infestations in British Columbia

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Sup Han ◽  
Chad Renzie
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Total Delay ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Partial Harvesting ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Harvesting Method ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Small patch cutting (<1 ha in size) in mature lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas var. latifolia Engelmann) stands has been introduced in central British Columbia, Canada to slow the spread of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk.) populations. This practice is locally referred to as “Snip and Skid” logging. This article addresses the operational challenges of implementing the method, with an emphasis on the cost of each phase of logging. Total stump-to-truck expenses incurred with Snip and Skid logging in each patch at an average of C$17.00/m3 (C$14.98 to C$19.71/m3). However, if one includes other cost allowances, such as overhead and profit for the logging contractor, the overall cost is C$22.28/m3. These costs greatly increase when trees are smaller. Other costs for implementing the Snip and Skid method, such as planning and layout, ground probing, and baiting, further increase the total cost of implementation. Walking and low-bedding, that are not required for typical timber-production logging operations, accounted for 57% of the total delay in Snip and Skid logging. In this particular study, five trees were damaged per 100 m along the skid trails created to access the patches, but we found no high stumps or significant impacts on soils. West. J. Appl. For. 20(2):128–133.

Biology of the Mountain Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus monticolae Hopkins, in the East Kootenay Region of British Columbia I. Life Cycle, Brood Development, and Flight Periods

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 531-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Reid
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Brood Development ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Outbreak Areas

The importance of the mountain pine beetle to the pine forests of North America has been pointed out by several writers (Hopkins, 1909; Swaine, 1918; Evenden et al., 1943; Hopping and Mathers, 1945). Its range covers parts of southern British Columbia and Alberta, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Oregon, Washington, California, Utah, and Nevada. The size of populations and the damage vary from year to year. A study of the biology of the mountain pine beetle was made by the writer from 1955 to 1960 in several small outbreak areas near Invermere, British Columbia. (50°30′ N. lat., 116°00′ W. long., 2740 feet above sea level). The host tree in these areas was lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Douglas var. latifolia Engelmann. The results of the study will be presented in three parts. Part I is presented herein and describes the life cycle, brood development, and flight periods. Part II is a discussion of the behaviour of the adult as affected by physical factors operating under the bark. Part III describes the interaction of the insect and its host, with special reference to mortality and brood survival.

Can Wolbachia (Rickettsiaceae) explain female-biased sex ratios in mountain pine beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)?

2015 ◽  
Vol 147 (6) ◽  
pp. 732-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanna E. Lachowsky ◽  
Robert G. Lalonde ◽  
Mary L. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Ratio Distortion ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Female Bias

AbstractWolbachia Hertig (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) is a genus of endosymbionts that are widespread in insects and can have important implications on population dynamics through cytoplasmic incompatibility or sex-ratio distortion. We considered Wolbachia as a possible explanation for female-biased sex ratios often observed in mountain pine beetle populations, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), a major pest species in western Canada whose most recent outbreak and range expansion has killed many millions of mature lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelmann (Pinaceae). We used wsp primers to screen for Wolbachia in 10 mountain pine beetle populations with varying degrees of female bias in southeast British Columbia and southwest Alberta, Canada. We found no evidence of Wolbachia in these populations and suggest that other factors may explain the sex-ratio bias.

Differences in the constitutive terpene profile of lodgepole pine across a geographical range in British Columbia, and correlation with historical attack by mountain pine beetle

2010 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
pp. 557-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin L. Clark ◽  
Allan L. Carroll ◽  
Dezene P.W. Huber
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Differential Resistance ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Tree Survival ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pines

AbstractThe mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a destructive insect pest in western Nearctic conifer forests. Currently, British Columbia, Canada, is experiencing the largest recorded outbreak of this insect, including areas that historically have had low climatic suitability for it. We analyzed 26 constitutive resin terpenes in phloem samples from British Columbia lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) populations to test for differential resistance to mountain pine beetle attack, based upon the likelihood of previous exposure to mountain pine beetle. We assessed sampled trees for number of mountain pine beetle attacks, number of pupal chambers, and tree survival the following spring. Significant differences were found when levels of certain terpenes in lodgepole pine populations that had likely experienced substantial mountain pine beetle infestations in the past were compared with those in populations that likely had not experienced large outbreaks of mountain pine beetle. Although we expected southern pine populations to contain more total terpenes than northern populations, owing to higher historical exposure to the beetle, the converse was found. Northern populations generally had higher levels of constitutive terpenes and beetle attack than southern populations. Because several terpenes are kairomones to the mountain pine beetle and also serve as precursors for the synthesis of pheromones, the lower levels of terpenes expressed by lodgepole pines from the historical range of the mountain pine beetle may render them less chemically perceptible to foraging beetles.

UNCERTAIN FATE OF SPOT INFESTATIONS OF THE MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS PONDEROSAE HOPKINS

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Ponderosae ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Small Spot ◽  
Pine Beetle

Large infestations of the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), reportedly arise from small, spot infestations that expand, multiply, and eventually coalesce (Safranyik et al. 1974). If these spot infestations can be located and eradicated, the development of outbreaks may be delayed, or even precluded. The principal means of eradication of such spots in forests of lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelmann, in British Columbia is single tree disposal (B.C. Ministry of Forests 1987). This may be accomplished by treating with an arsenical herbicide within 3–4 weeks after attack, cutting, bucking, piling, and burning trees before brood emergence, or extraction and processing of brood trees before emergence.

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