Observations on the Reproductive Potential of Melanoplus bilituratus (Wlk.) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) Reared on Different Food Plants in the Laboratory

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 483-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pickford
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Number Of Authors

The fecundity of the migratory grasshopper, Melanoplus bilituratus (Wlk.), when reared under a variety of conditions, has been reported by a number of authors. In the laboratory, Barnes (1955), rearing cultures of the subspecies found in Arizona on five separate foods, obtained an average production of 8.8 egg-pods per female from those fed the most favourable diet; Parker (1930) reported an average production of 8.8 egg-pods per female from Montana specimens reared on a mixed diet; one of these females laid 15 egg-pods. Under field conditions, Pfadt (1949) in Wyoming and Smith et al. (1952) in Manitoba reared this species on a variety of food plants and reported that the greatest numbers of egg-pods per female resulting from use of the most favourable food plants were 9.8 and about 6 egg-pods, respectively.

scholarly journals RELATIVE IMPACTS OF DIFFERENT DIETS ON THE QUALITIES OF ERI SILK COCOON AND ERI SILK YARN OF FOUR DIFFERENT MUTANTS STRAINS OF PHILOSAMIA RICINI Bsd.

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Akhilesh Kumar Gahlaut ◽  
Arjun
Keyword(s):  
Food Plants ◽  
Relative Impact ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Silk Cocoon ◽  
Average Production ◽  
The Status ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Eri Silk ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Silk Yarn

The relative impact of different food plants (diets) namely foliages of castor, kesseru , payam and Topioca plants on the four different mutant strain viz; yellow plain, yellow zebra ,G.B Plain ,G.B Zebra in respect of qualities of their eri cocoon and eri silk yarn have been evaluated under the reeling parameters.Result indicate that among the four different food plants like foliages of castor followed by kesseru have been found evidently better than the foliages of payam and Topiocal in respect of average cocoon weight (gm)4.10,3.55,3.98,3.10,Average shell weight (gm) 0.55,0.45,0.52,0.41,Average shell ratio 13.91,12.0,13.0,11.55,Average lengt- h of  silk yarn (mtrs) 2510,2350,2498,2285,Average size of erisilk(D)13D,11D,12D,19D,Average production of eri silk per hr(gm)13.70,12.50,13.10,11.95,Average tenacity of fibre (g/d) 14.0,11.0,12.0,10.0.As far as qualitative differences of all the four food plants in relation to qualities of eri cocoon and eri silk yarn are concerned the castor alongwith kesseru food plants have achieved the status of supremacy primary food plant and payam and tapioca the states of secondary food plants .These variation show that the qualities and production of eri silk cocoon and eri silk yarn depends on the different food plants.

Reproductive characteristics of wild native Australian Rattus (Rodentia : Muridae)

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Taylor ◽  
BE Horner
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Museum Specimens ◽  
Seasonal Breeding ◽  
Reproductive Characteristics ◽  
Accessory Sex Glands

Reproduction in field populations of the five species and 13 of 14 subspecies of native Australian Rattus is compared, using both materials personally collected and museum specimens. We have separated each subspecies into juvenile and adult categories, the dividing point reflecting the approximate size at which sexual maturity is reached. Occurrence of pregnancies and juveniles, treated monthly, permit estimates of time and length of seasonal breeding for each subspecies. Information on gonads and accessory sex glands is given for both breeding and non-breeding adults and for juveniles. All Australian subspecies of Rattus have a fundamentally similar mechanism of reproduction. Those attaining high densities have the highest ovulation rates, the largest litter sizes, and the greatest number of teats. Furthermore, in the two subspecies of high reproductive potential for which we have evidence, females can be precocious in attaining sexual maturity under field conditions.

The Large Narcissus Fly, Merodon equestris, Fab. (Syrphidae)

1932 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. H. Hodson
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Combination Of Methods

1. The history of the occurrence of Merodon equestris in various countries is related and a list of known food-plants given.2. The immature stages of the fly are described in detail.3. The biology of the fly is fully discussed and additions made to our knowledge regarding it.4. Control measures are reviewed and additional information is given, particularly with reference to the use of a poison-bait spray against the adult flies.5. Recommendations are made as to the most satisfactory combination of methods to use for the purpose of obtaining control of the fly under field conditions.6. A list of literature cited is given.

Development, Survival and Reproduction of Melanoplus bilituratus (Wlk.) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) Reared on Various Food Plants

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 859-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pickford
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Native Grasslands ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In Saskatchewan the migratory grasshopper, Melanoplus bilituratus (Wlk.), is most numerous in areas of cultivation; within these areas weedy grain fields seem to be its most favored habitat. On native grasslands where this grasshopper is less prevalent, it favors overgrazed pastures in which palatable forbs and weed species are common.The relationship of M. bilituratus to its food plants has been reported by a number of workers in various parts of Canada and the United States (Pfadt, 1949; Anderson and Wright, 1952; Smith et al., 1952; Barnes, 1955; Gangwere, 1956; Pickford, 1958; Scharff, 1961). Certain differences in food preferences and in reproductive potential of this grasshopper may be noted in these reports. Some of the differences may have occurred because bilituratus (mexicanus auth. in part) is made up of a number of sub-species and local populations (Brooks, 1958; Gurney and Brooks, 1959).

scholarly journals Male Incubation and Biparental Care in Mountain Quail

The Condor ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Pope ◽  
John A. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Breeding Behavior ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Double Brooding ◽  
Socially Monogamous ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Oreortyx Pictus ◽  
Para Determinar

Abstract We examined the reproductive behavior of Mountain Quail (Oreortyx pictus) in two ecologically different regions of Oregon. We used radio-telemetry to locate 57 Mountain Quail nests and determine breeding behavior and incubation patterns. Mountain Quail appeared socially monogamous and displayed few alternative reproductive strategies; only one bird renested and no birds produced consecutive clutches. Twenty-five of 57 nests were incubated exclusively by males, 30 by females, and two by birds of undetermined sex. We observed no nest switching, and males and females had similar clutch and brood sizes. Males brooded chicks, frequently without female assistance. Within six radio-marked pairs, males and females simultaneously incubated separate nests <200 m apart. The average production by females was 22 eggs (range 19–26) with a mean clutch size of 11 eggs (range 7–15). Simultaneous multiple clutches may enhance the reproductive potential of a species when environmental conditions limit double brooding or renesting, and may increase the likelihood that some broods will survive high levels of nest and brood predation. Incubación por Machos y Cuidado Biparental en Oreortyx pictus Resumen. Examinamos el comportamiento reproductivo de Oreortyx pictus en dos regiones ecológicamente diferentes de Oregon. Utilizamos radiotelemetría para localizar 57 nidos de O. pictus y para determinar el comportamiento reproductivo y los patrones de incubación. O. pictus resultó ser socialmente monógamo y mostró unas pocas estrategias de reproducción alternativas; sólo un ave volvió a nidificar y ningún ave produjo nidadas consecutivas. Veinticinco de 57 nidos fueron incubados exclusivamente por machos, 30 por hembras y dos por aves de sexo indeterminado. No observamos intercambio entre nidos y tanto hembras como machos tuvieron nidadas y crías de tamaños similares. Frecuentemente los machos criaron a los polluelos sin la asistencia de las hembras. Considerando seis parejas marcadas con transmisores, hembras y machos incubaron simultáneamente nidos separados por <200 m. La producción promedio por hembra fue de 22 huevos (rango entre 19–26), con un tamaño promedio de nidada de 11 huevos (rango entre 7–15). Las nidadas múltiples simultáneas pueden aumentar el potencial reproductivo de una especie cuando las condiciones ambientales limitan la doble cría o la re-nidificación y aumentar la probabilidad de que algunas crias sobrevivan, dados los altos niveles de depredación de nidos y crías.

scholarly journals The discrepancy between food plant preferance and suitability in the moth <i>Dysauxes ancilla</i>

Web Ecology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.-E. Betzholtz
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Calluna Vulgaris ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Adult Moth ◽  
Hieracium Pilosella ◽  
Dysauxes Ancilla

Abstract. Growth responses to and preference for different food plants were studied in larvae of the geographically isolated Swedish population of the moth Dysauxes ancilla. Laboratory rearing of D. ancilla larvae showed that, besides a mixed diet, four species from different plant families supported development to the adult moth. There was a significant suitability order among these species according to higher female adult weight and shorter development time; mixed diet and Calluna vulgaris > Hieracium pilosella > Thymus serpyllum > Brachytecium sp. However, these species were not top ranked in preference trials by the larvae. Instead larvae preferred Rumex acetosella, a plant that did not support development to adult moth as a single food source. This discrepancy between larval performance and preference may be explained by advantages from food mixing by the polyphagous larvae; an improved nutrient balance, a possibility of diluting toxic secondary substances and of switching foods to fit changing physiological needs. In Nature other factors such as microclimatic conditions, predators and parasitoids probably also influence the foraging behaviour of D. ancilla larvae.

The ecology of Sminthurus viridis (Collembola) II. Diapause in the aestivating egg

1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 871 ◽  
Author(s):  
MMH Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Egg Diapause

The existence of an aestivating diapause in the egg batches of S. viridis is established. The production of diapause eggs is influenced in females by the increasing maturity of food plants in the spring. Morphogenesis is resumed in diapause eggs following physical removal of the soil covering in the laboratory or exposure to summer field conditions for a period of 2-3 months. The mechanisms of the egg diapause in S. viridis are studied experimentally, and their adaptive significance for the species is discussed.

The Interpretation of Solar Spectral Intensities

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
R.W.P. McWhirter
Keyword(s):  
Emission Measure ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Atomic Data ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Atomic Properties ◽  
Outer Atmosphere ◽  
Spectral Intensities ◽  
Thin Plasma ◽  
Number Of Authors

The intensity of a specrtal line from an optically thin plasma such as the outer atmosphere of the sun depends on both the atomic properties of the atomic ion responsible for the line and the physical nature of the plasma. In this paper we discuss the various ways in which the measured spectral intensities from the sun are used to discover something about the nature of the sun’s atmosphere. The technique has been referred to as the emission measure method. It has important limitations in terms of the accuracy of the specrtal data as well as the atomic data. We discuss some of these and suggest methods by which they may be assessed. The technique is illustrated by application to real observations from a number of authors.

Casting with resins

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 326-330
Author(s):  
J. Smith ◽  
B. Latimer
Keyword(s):  
Plaster Casting ◽  
Number Of Authors

Fossils are characteristically uncommon, making it impossible to distribute original specimens to all interested investigators. Dissemination of information, therefore, often depends upon the circulation of accurate reproductions. Such reproductions or casts can be made from a variety of materials including plasters and two-part resins. Using resins for the casting of paleontological specimens was discussed by a number of authors, including Burke and Jensen, 1961; Madsen, 1974; Parsons, 1973; Schrimper, 1973; Reser, 1981; and Burke et al., 1983 (see additional references in Hannibal, this volume, chapter 6). Plaster casting is covered by Babcock (this volume, chapter 34).

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