Periods of Flight and Oviposition of the Cabbage Maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), in Southern Alberta

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 434-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Swailes
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Cabbage Maggot

The cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché), is one of the main factors limiting the production of high-quality rutabagas, Brassica napobrassica Mill., in the irrigated districts of southern Alberta. This crop is damaged late in its growing season; there is little damage to cruciferous crops in early spring except that occasionally early-transplanted cauliflowers are killed. This suggested the possibility of some change in the cropping practice if the flight and oviposition periods, recorded herein, were accurately known.

CONTROLLING THE CABBAGE MAGGOT, HYLEMYA BRASSICAE (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE), WITH CHEMICAL PESTICIDES

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Read
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Surface Band ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Cabbage Maggot ◽  
The Many ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Residual Control

AbstractExperiments with rutabagas, cabbage, and cauliflower were conducted on mineral soils, mainly with pre plan tin g soil treatments of insecticides applied in bands placed about 2.5 cm below the soil surface (1.25 cm below the seed) in shallow ridges to determine the best insecticides for use in controlling the cabbage maggot. Drench or granular spot applications were also used for transplanted stem crucifers. Broadcast, surface band, and supplementary drench treatments had been tested earlier but were discarded in favor of the band-in-row treatments, mainly because of hazard to beneficial predators and parasites. Of the many materials tested, carbofuran, fensulfothion, and chlorfenvinphos have consistently given the best control throughout the growing season. Trichloronat, E.I. 47031, and mecarbam also gave good results. Thionazin and phorate gave excellent control until 1968 when applied at the exact required depth in the row with machinery; control was often erratic when these materials were applied on a field scale with hand applicators. In 1968, these two insecticides gave less effective early season control and poorer residual control than in previous years. Carbofuran, and phorate, appeared to influence the development of rhizoctonia rot lesions on the sides of the roots more than other materials in all experiments. Rot lesions were more numerous and severe on rutabagas that followed potatoes than on land that had previously been used for cereals. Root maggots in stem crucifers were controlled with a number of insecticides. Methods of application for all cruciferous crops are discussed.

scholarly journals Florida Peach and Nectarine Varieties

EDIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercy Olmstead ◽  
Jose Chaparro ◽  
Pete Andersen ◽  
Jeff Williamson ◽  
James Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
High Quality ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
The University

The University of Florida has developed high-quality, low-chilling, early maturing peach and nectarine cultivars that can be grown from the panhandle of Florida to as far south as Immokalee. Low-chilling cultivars can grow and produce fruit under Florida conditions that are much warmer in winter than in northern states. Furthermore, ripening of these cultivars during April and May ensures an early spring market window for tree-ripe fresh fruit in Florida before peaches and nectarines from other southeastern states and California come to market. Both commercial and dooryard recommended varieties span the growing season. This 8-page fact sheet was written by Mercy Olmstead, Jose Chaparro, Pete Andersen, Jeff Williamson, and James Ferguson, and published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, May 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/mg374

STUDIES ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CROWN BUD ROT OF ALFALFA IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Hawn
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Winter Dormancy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Occurrence Of Species

Crown bud rot is widespread in irrigated alfalfa stands in southern Alberta. Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, Fusarium roseum Link sensu Snyder & Hansen, and Ascochyta imperfecta Peck acting alone or in combination produce brown to black lesions on the crown buds of plants in their second and subsequent years of growth. The host plant is most susceptible to the disease in early spring after winter dormancy. Soil temperatures above 16 °C. appear to reduce disease development. Relative occurrence of species isolated from infected buds indicate a succession of fungi. F. roseum is the predominant isolate until the third year of alfalfa growth when its numbers are approximately equalled by R. solani. The latter then decreases in prevalence possibly because of the antibiotic action of saprophytic species of Trichoderma and Penicillium. F. roseum maintains about the same degree of activity throughout the growing season whereas R. solani generally appears most frequently in summer-sampled alfalfa and A. imperfecta in spring samples.

CYCLODIENE-RESISTANT CABBAGE MAGGOTS AND RUTABAGA PRODUCTION IN SANDY LOAM AND PEAT SOILS

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Finlayson ◽  
M. D. Noble
Keyword(s):  
Organophosphorus Compound ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Cabbage Maggot

Various rates and methods of applying organophosphorus and organocarbamate insecticides were compared in peat soil and sandy loam, against cyclodiene-resistant cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché), in rutabaga. Phototoxicity and lack of persistence of single applications of the compounds at seeding caused initial problems. Granules applied at reduced rates in the furrow or as bands at seeding or a drench over young seedlings overcame the phytotoxicity. Three supplementary drenches during the growing season counteracted the lack of persistence of the pesticides. NIA.10242, an organocarbamate, was the most effective insecticide in sandy loam, and Zinophos, an organophosphorus compound, in peat soil. The best interval for the three supplementary drenches, starting 28 days after seeding, was 3 weeks.

Improvement of separate elements of the techno-logy of cultivation of white cabbage in the conditions of the of the central region of the non-chernozem zone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Konstantinovich ◽  
◽  
A.S. Kuracheva ◽  
E.D. Binkevich
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Sowing Seed

In conditions of climate change, when temperature and precipitation fluctuations occur more and more frequently during the growing season, it is necessary to obtain high quality seedlings with "immunity" to various stress factors, including high weediness, the damage from which is associated with a decrease in yield (by 25 -35%) and with a deterioration in the quality of agricultural products. Due to the imbalance in production technology, seedlings are often weakened, overgrown, with a low yield per unit area and survival rate in the field. One of the solutions to this problem is the use of PP for pre-sowing seed treatment to increase the competitiveness of seedlings in the field.

scholarly journals Fire, land cover, and temperature drivers of bat activity in winter

Fire Ecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo H. Jorge ◽  
Sara E. Sweeten ◽  
Michael C. True ◽  
Samuel R. Freeze ◽  
Michael J. Cherry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Habitat Management ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
White Nose Syndrome ◽  
Dormant Season ◽  
Wind Energy Development

Abstract Background Understanding the effects of disturbance events, land cover, and weather on wildlife activity is fundamental to wildlife management. Currently, in North America, bats are of high conservation concern due to white-nose syndrome and wind-energy development impact, but the role of fire as a potential additional stressor has received less focus. Although limited, the vast majority of research on bats and fire in the southeastern United States has been conducted during the growing season, thereby creating data gaps for bats in the region relative to overwintering conditions, particularly for non-hibernating species. The longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystem is an archetypal fire-mediated ecosystem that has been the focus of landscape-level restoration in the Southeast. Although historically fires predominately occurred during the growing season in these systems, dormant-season fire is more widely utilized for easier application and control as a means of habitat management in the region. To assess the impacts of fire and environmental factors on bat activity on Camp Blanding Joint Training Center (CB) in northern Florida, USA, we deployed 34 acoustic detectors across CB and recorded data from 26 February to 3 April 2019, and from 10 December 2019 to 14 January 2020. Results We identified eight bat species native to the region as present at CB. Bat activity was related to the proximity of mesic habitats as well as the presence of pine or deciduous forest types, depending on species morphology (i.e., body size, wing-loading, and echolocation call frequency). Activity for all bat species was influenced positively by either time since fire or mean fire return interval. Conclusion Overall, our results suggested that fire use provides a diverse landscape pattern at CB that maintains mesic, deciduous habitat within the larger pine forest matrix, thereby supporting the diverse bat community at CB during the dormant season and early spring.

The effects of burning on Festuca hallii in the parklands of central Alberta

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 937-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Sinton Gerling ◽  
Arthur W. Bailey ◽  
Walter D. Willms
Keyword(s):  
Standing Crop ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Festuca Hallii ◽  
Tiller Density ◽  
The University

The response of Festuca hallii (Vassey) Piper to time of burning was examined on the Festuca–Stipa grasslands of the Aspen Parklands at the University of Alberta Ranch located 150 km southeast of Edmonton, Alberta. Two defoliation treatments (burning and mowing) were examined on five dates in 1978 (8 April, 27 April, 1 June, 31 July, and 18 October), corresponding to different phenological stages of F. hallii. Burning and mowing reduced the standing crop of F. hallii produced in the first growing season after treatment, but tiller densities increased. Defoliation in early spring (8 April) had little effect on the standing crop; apparently the increase in tiller density compensated for the reduction in tiller length. Inflorescence density also increased following burning or mowing from 8 April to 1 June. Soil temperature (3 cm deep) on previously burned or mown sites was greater than on the control the year after treatment. Festuca hallii tolerates single burns at any time of the year, but early spring fires have the greatest benefits by increased tillering and standing crop. Key words: standing crop, tiller number, leaf length, litter, defoliation, mowing.

SPATIAL PATTERN OF THE IMMATURE STAGES OF HYLEMYA BRASSICAE ON CABBAGE

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (10) ◽  
pp. 1216-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Mukerji ◽  
D. G. Harcourt
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Poisson Distribution ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Expected Number ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Binomial Series ◽  
Binomial Parameter ◽  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Cabbage Maggot

AbstractCounts of the cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché), on cabbage did not conform to the Poisson distribution, there being an excess of uninfested and highly infested plants over the expected number. But when the negative binomial series was fitted to the observed distribution, the discrepancies were not significant when tested by chi-square. The negative binomial parameter k tended to increase with density. Using a common k, the distribution of the various stages may be described by expansion of (q − p)−k, when values of k are as follows: egg 0.78, larva 0.71, pupa 0.84. Three different transformations are offered for stabilizing the variance of field counts.

EARLYWOOD VESSELS IN RING-POROUS TREES BECOME FUNCTIONAL FOR WATER TRANSPORT AFTER BUD BURST AND BEFORE THE MATURATION OF THE CURRENT-YEAR LEAVES

IAWA Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kitin ◽  
Ryo Funada
Keyword(s):  
Water Transport ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Vessel Element ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Wall Perforation ◽  
Earlywood Vessels

This paper reviews the development of xylem vessels in ring-porous dicots and the corresponding leaf phenology. Also included are our original observations on the time-course of vessel element growth, secondary wall deposition, and end wall perforation in the deciduous hardwood Kalopanax septemlobus. Different patterns of xylem growth and phenology serve different strategies of the species for adaptation to seasonal climates. Trees with ring-porous xylem form wide earlywood vessels (EWV) in spring and narrow latewood vessels in summer. The wide EWV become embolized or blocked with tyloses by the end of the growing season while the narrow vessels may remain functional for many years. The co-occurrence of wide and narrow vessels provides both efficiency and safety of the water transport as well as a potentially longer growing season. It has for a long time been assumed that EWV in ring-porous hardwoods are formed in early spring before bud burst in order to supply sap to growing leaves and shoots.However, the full time-course of development of EWV elements from initiation of growth until maturation for water transport has not been adequately studied until recently. Our observations clarify a crucial relationship between leaf maturation and the maturation of earlywood vessels for sap transport. Accumulated new evidence shows that EWV in branches and upper stem parts develop earlier than EWV lower in the stem. The first EWV elements are fully expanded with differentiated secondary walls by the time of bud burst. In lower stem parts, perforations in vessel end walls are formed after bud burst and before the new leaves have achieved full size. Therefore, the current-year EWV network becomes functional for water transport only by the time when the first new leaves are mature.

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