Laboratory Rearing of the Seed-corn Maggot, Hylemya cilicrura (Rond.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 372-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. McClanahan ◽  
L. A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
Seed Corn ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Successive Generations ◽  
Time Required

The seed-corn maggot, Hylemya cilicrura (Rond.), is a cosmopolitan pest and feeds on a wide range of hosts. The maggots cause extensive damage to seeds and seedlings of beans, soybeans, peas, corn, and cucurbits. Hitherto laboratory investigations have been hampered because the maggot has been very difficult to rear continuously.Biological studies have indicated that such diverse diets as soybeans (Harukawa et al., 1934), cottonseed meal and fish meal (Reid, 1940), and potato (Leach, 1926) serve to rear the maggot to the adult stage. However, it has been difficult to maintain an adult colony for the time required for mating and oviposition. Reid (1940) used field-collected flies as a source of eggs in his experiments, but failed to get a second generation. Successive generations were reared by Ristich (1950), who provided a high protein diet for adults held in glass cages; in attempts to follow this method at Chatham, only one complete generation could be reared. A more satisfactory method of rearing the species continuously is described in this paper.

scholarly journals A linearised model for calculating inertial forces on a particle in the presence of a permeate flow

2018 ◽  
Vol 861 ◽  
pp. 253-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Garcia ◽  
B. Ganapathysubramanian ◽  
S. Pennathur
Keyword(s):  
Axial Flow ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Inertial Particles ◽  
Inertial Forces ◽  
Viscous Forces ◽  
Lateral Forces ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Time Required

Understanding particle transport and localisation in porous channels, especially at moderate Reynolds numbers, is relevant for many applications ranging from water reclamation to biological studies. Recently, researchers experimentally demonstrated that the interplay between axial and permeate flow in a porous microchannel results in a wide range of focusing positions of finite-sized particles (Garcia & Pennathur, Phys. Rev. Fluids, vol. 2 (4), 2017, 042201). We numerically explore this interplay by computing the lateral forces on a neutrally buoyant spherical particle that is subject to both inertial and permeate forces over a range of experimentally relevant particle sizes and channel Reynolds numbers. Interestingly, we show that the lateral forces on the particle are well represented using a linearised model across a range of permeate-to-axial flow rate ratios. Specifically, our model linearises the effects of the permeate flow, which suggests that the interplay between axial and permeate flow on the lateral force on a particle can be represented as a superposition between the lateral (inertial) forces in pure axial flow and the viscous forces in pure permeate flow. We experimentally validate this observation for a range of flow conditions. The linearised behaviour observed significantly reduces the complexity and time required to predict the migration of inertial particles in permeate channels.

Microwaves: Application in Electron Microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-141
Author(s):  
Anthony S-Y Leong ◽  
David W Gove
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Tissue Fixation ◽  
Primary Method ◽  
Dipolar Molecules ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Cryostat Sections

Microwaves (MW) are electromagnetic waves which are commonly generated at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. When dipolar molecules such as water, the polar side chains of proteins and other molecules with an uneven distribution of electrical charge are exposed to such non-ionizing radiation, they oscillate through 180° at a rate of 2,450 million cycles/s. This rapid kinetic movement results in accelerated chemical reactions and produces instantaneous heat. MWs have recently been applied to a wide range of procedures for light microscopy. MWs generated by domestic ovens have been used as a primary method of tissue fixation, it has been applied to the various stages of tissue processing as well as to a wide variety of staining procedures. This use of MWs has not only resulted in drastic reductions in the time required for tissue fixation, processing and staining, but have also produced better cytologic images in cryostat sections, and more importantly, have resulted in better preservation of cellular antigens.

TIME TO THE END OF PRIMARY CONSOLIDATION (EOP) OF SOFT CLAYEY SOILS: CONCERNING THE EFFECT OF ATTERBERG’S LIMIT AND CYCLIC LOADING HISTORY

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (2B) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Trần Thanh Nhàn
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Clayey Soils ◽  
Loading History ◽  
Cyclic Shear ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Primary Consolidation ◽  
Time Required

In order to observe the end of primary consolidation (EOP) of cohesive soils with and without subjecting to cyclic loading, reconstituted specimens of clayey soils at various Atterberg’s limits were used for oedometer test at different loading increments and undrained cyclic shear test followed by drainage with various cyclic shear directions and a wide range of shear strain amplitudes. The pore water pressure and settlement of the soils were measured with time and the time to EOP was then determined by different methods. It is shown from observed results that the time to EOP determined by 3-t method agrees well with the time required for full dissipation of the pore water pressure and being considerably larger than those determined by Log Time method. These observations were then further evaluated in connection with effects of the Atterberg’s limit and the cyclic loading history.

New insights on Laminaria digitata ultrastructure through combined conventional chemical fixation and cryofixation

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Katsaros ◽  
Sophie Le Panse ◽  
Gillian Milne ◽  
Carl J. Carrano ◽  
Frithjof Christian Küpper
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Chemical Fixation ◽  
Laminaria Digitata ◽  
Vegetative Cells ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The objective of the present study is to examine the fine structure of vegetative cells of Laminaria digitata using both chemical fixation and cryofixation. Laminaria digitata was chosen due to its importance as a model organism in a wide range of biological studies, as a keystone species on rocky shores of the North Atlantic, its use of iodide as a unique inorganic antioxidant, and its significance as a raw material for the production of alginate. Details of the fine structural features of vegetative cells are described, with particular emphasis on the differences between the two methods used, i.e. conventional chemical fixation and freeze-fixation. The general structure of the cells was similar to that already described, with minor differences between the different cell types. An intense activity of the Golgi system was found associated with the thick external cell wall, with large dictyosomes from which numerous vesicles and cisternae are released. An interesting type of cisternae was found in the cryofixed material, which was not visible with the chemical fixation. These are elongated structures, in sections appearing tubule-like, close to the external cell wall or to young internal walls. An increased number of these structures was observed near the plasmodesmata of the pit fields. They are similar to the “flat cisternae” found associated with the forming cytokinetic diaphragm of brown algae. Their possible role is discussed. The new findings of this work underline the importance of such combined studies which reveal new data not known until now using the old conventional methods. The main conclusion of the present study is that cryofixation is the method of choice for studying Laminaria cytology by transmission electron microscopy.

scholarly journals A modular microfluidic system based on a multilayered configuration to generate large-scale perfusable microvascular networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Yue ◽  
Da Zhao ◽  
Duc T. T. Phan ◽  
Xiaolin Wang ◽  
Joshua Jonghyun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Microfluidic System ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Microvascular Networks ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Flexibility

AbstractThe vascular network of the circulatory system plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis in the human body. In this paper, a novel modular microfluidic system with a vertical two-layered configuration is developed to generate large-scale perfused microvascular networks in vitro. The two-layer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) configuration allows the tissue chambers and medium channels not only to be designed and fabricated independently but also to be aligned and bonded accordingly. This method can produce a modular microfluidic system that has high flexibility and scalability to design an integrated platform with multiple perfused vascularized tissues with high densities. The medium channel was designed with a rhombic shape and fabricated to be semiclosed to form a capillary burst valve in the vertical direction, serving as the interface between the medium channels and tissue chambers. Angiogenesis and anastomosis at the vertical interface were successfully achieved by using different combinations of tissue chambers and medium channels. Various large-scale microvascular networks were generated and quantified in terms of vessel length and density. Minimal leakage of the perfused 70-kDa FITC-dextran confirmed the lumenization of the microvascular networks and the formation of tight vertical interconnections between the microvascular networks and medium channels in different structural layers. This platform enables the culturing of interconnected, large-scale perfused vascularized tissue networks with high density and scalability for a wide range of multiorgan-on-a-chip applications, including basic biological studies and drug screening.

Analysis and Reduction of the Waste in the Work Process Using Time Study Analysis: A Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 971-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Norzaim bin Che Ani ◽  
Siti Aisyah Binti Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Time ◽  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Time Study ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Unit Of Work ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Impact

Time study is the process of observation which concerned with the determination of the amount of time required to perform a unit of work involves of internal, external and machine time elements. Originally, time study was first starting to be used in Europe since 1760s in manufacturing fields. It is the flexible technique in lean manufacturing and suitable for a wide range of situations. Time study approach that enable of reducing or minimizing ‘non-value added activities’ in the process cycle time which contribute to bottleneck time. The impact on improving process cycle time for organization that it was increasing the productivity and reduce cost. This project paper focusing on time study at selected processes with bottleneck time and identify the possible root cause which was contribute to high time required to perform a unit of work.

scholarly journals Infection Prevention Time Required for Construction and Design at a Large Tertiary-Care Hospital, 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s69-s70
Author(s):  
Angie Dains ◽  
Michael Edmond ◽  
Daniel Diekema ◽  
Stephanie Holley ◽  
Oluchi Abosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Class Iv

Background: Including infection preventionists (IPs) in hospital design, construction, and renovation projects is important. According to the Joint Commission, “Infection control oversights during building design or renovations commonly result in regulatory problems, millions lost and even patient deaths.” We evaluated the number of active major construction projects at our 800-bed hospital with 6.0 IP FTEs and the IP time required for oversight. Methods: We reviewed construction records from October 2018 through October 2019. We classified projects as active if any construction occurred during the study period. We describe the types of projects: inpatient, outpatient, non–patient care, and the potential impact to patient health through infection control risk assessments (ICRA). ICRAs were classified as class I (non–patient-care area and minimal construction activity), class II (patients are not likely to be in the area and work is small scale), class III (patient care area and work requires demolition that generates dust), and class IV (any area requiring environmental precautions). We calculated the time spent visiting construction sites and in design meetings. Results: During October 2018–October 2019, there were 51 active construction projects with an average of 15 active sites per week. These sites included a wide range of projects from a new bone marrow transplant unit, labor and delivery expansion and renovation, space conversion to an inpatient unit to a project for multiple air handler replacements. All 51 projects were classified as class III or class IV. We visited, on average, 4 construction sites each week for 30 minutes per site, leaving 11 sites unobserved due to time constraints. We spent an average of 120 minutes weekly, but 450 minutes would have been required to observe all 15 sites. Yearly, the required hours to observe these active construction sites once weekly would be 390 hours. In addition to the observational hours, 124 hours were spent in design meetings alone, not considering the preparation time and follow-up required for these meetings. Conclusions: In a large academic medical center, IPs had time available to visit only a quarter of active projects on an ongoing basis. Increasing dedicated IP time in construction projects is essential to mitigating infection control risks in large hospitals.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

A review of the Afrotropical sand tampan, Ornithodoros savignyi: a complex species.

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (036) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxanne Albertha Charles
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Soft Tick ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
Lake Chad ◽  
Ornithodoros Savignyi ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The sand tampan, Ornithodoros savignyi (Audouin, 1827), is an economically important soft tick of the Afrotropics parasitising a wide range of livestock and humans. These ticks are known to inflict painful bites which may be fatal in susceptible hosts. Historically thought to be a single species, Ornithodoros savignyi is now considered to be a complex of four tick subspecies based on molecular and morphological studies. They include Ornithodoros (Ornithodoros) kalahariensis, O. (O.) pavimentosus, O. (O.) noorsveldensis and O. (O.) savignyi. As such there may be significant implications for previous biological studies conducted on this tick. Therefore, for the purposes of this review, sand tampan toxicosis and potentially useful biological molecules have been discussed for O. (O.) savignyi sensu lato since most reported work was based on ticks collected from the Kalahari and Lake Chad region. An overview of the host range and vector biology for the O. (O.) savignyi species complex will also be examined.

scholarly journals Enabling Agile Clinical and Translational Data Warehousing: Platform Development and Evaluation (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Spengler ◽  
Claudia Lang ◽  
Tanmaya Mahapatra ◽  
Ingrid Gatz ◽  
Klaus A Kuhn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Data Representation ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Iterative Refinement ◽  
Cloud Infrastructure ◽  
Specific Domain ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Data Loading ◽  
Time Required

BACKGROUND Modern data-driven medical research provides new insights into the development and course of diseases and enables novel methods of clinical decision support. Clinical and translational data warehouses, such as Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside (i2b2) and tranSMART, are important infrastructure components that provide users with unified access to the large heterogeneous data sets needed to realize this and support use cases such as cohort selection, hypothesis generation, and ad hoc data analysis. OBJECTIVE Often, different warehousing platforms are needed to support different use cases and different types of data. Moreover, to achieve an optimal data representation within the target systems, specific domain knowledge is needed when designing data-loading processes. Consequently, informaticians need to work closely with clinicians and researchers in short iterations. This is a challenging task as installing and maintaining warehousing platforms can be complex and time consuming. Furthermore, data loading typically requires significant effort in terms of data preprocessing, cleansing, and restructuring. The platform described in this study aims to address these challenges. METHODS We formulated system requirements to achieve agility in terms of platform management and data loading. The derived system architecture includes a cloud infrastructure with unified management interfaces for multiple warehouse platforms and a data-loading pipeline with a declarative configuration paradigm and meta-loading approach. The latter compiles data and configuration files into forms required by existing loading tools, thereby automating a wide range of data restructuring and cleansing tasks. We demonstrated the fulfillment of the requirements and the originality of our approach by an experimental evaluation and a comparison with previous work. RESULTS The platform supports both i2b2 and tranSMART with built-in security. Our experiments showed that the loading pipeline accepts input data that cannot be loaded with existing tools without preprocessing. Moreover, it lowered efforts significantly, reducing the size of configuration files required by factors of up to 22 for tranSMART and 1135 for i2b2. The time required to perform the compilation process was roughly equivalent to the time required for actual data loading. Comparison with other tools showed that our solution was the only tool fulfilling all requirements. CONCLUSIONS Our platform significantly reduces the efforts required for managing clinical and translational warehouses and for loading data in various formats and structures, such as complex entity-attribute-value structures often found in laboratory data. Moreover, it facilitates the iterative refinement of data representations in the target platforms, as the required configuration files are very compact. The quantitative measurements presented are consistent with our experiences of significantly reduced efforts for building warehousing platforms in close cooperation with medical researchers. Both the cloud-based hosting infrastructure and the data-loading pipeline are available to the community as open source software with comprehensive documentation. CLINICALTRIAL

scholarly journals URMAP, an ultra-fast read mapper

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Edgar
Keyword(s):  
Read Mapping ◽  
Mapping Algorithm ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Mapping Software ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Comparable Accuracy ◽  
Generation Sequencing

AbstractMapping of reads to reference sequences is an essential step in a wide range of biological studies. The large size of datasets generated with next-generation sequencing technologies motivates the development of fast mapping software. Here, I describe URMAP, a new read mapping algorithm. URMAP is an order of magnitude faster than BWA and Bowtie2 with comparable accuracy on a benchmark test using simulated paired 150nt reads of a well-studied human genome. Software is freely available at https://drive5.com/urmap.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document