Efficiency of Grasshopper Baits in Relation to Time of Day of Application

1952 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Handford ◽  
L. G. Putnam
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Rapid Decrease ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Soil Surface Temperature

Literature on grasshopper control published hetween 1930 and 1942 stressed the desirability of applying poisoned bait when grasshoppers begin their first main feeding period of the day. Such pubiications include those by Parker (1930). Parker, Walton, and Shotwell (1932), Criddle (1932). Ruggles and Aamodt (1938), and Bird (1940). Parker (1930) found that the lesser migratory grasshopper, Melanoplus mexicanus mexicanus (Sauss.), fed sparingly on baits at air temperatures between 55°F. and 63°F., more actively between 64°F. and 67°F., and most actively between 68°F. and 78°F. A rapid decrease in feeding occurred when air temperature rose above 80°F. or the soil surface temperature above 113°F. Much the same relationship held also for the clear-winged grasshopper, Cammula pellucida (Scudd.). On the basis of such observations it was decided chat an air temperature of 68°F. might be classed as optimum for beginning the application of bait. Parker did not, however, indicate the degree of mortality resulting from such feeding; the other writers gave no experimental data.

scholarly journals Field Measurements and Satellite Remote Sensing of Daily Soil Surface Temperature Variations in the Lower Colorado Desert of California

Climate ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Coppernoll-Houston ◽  
Christopher Potter
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Ecosystem Change ◽  
Colorado Desert ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Landsat Satellite

The purpose of this study was to better understand the relationships between diurnal variations of air temperature measured hourly at the soil surface, compared with the thermal infra-red (TIR) emission properties of soil surfaces located in the Lower Colorado Desert of California, eastern Riverside County. Fifty air temperature loggers were deployed in January of 2017 on wooden stakes that were driven into the sandy or rocky desert soils at both Ford Dry Lake and the southern McCoy Mountains wash. The land surface temperature (LST) derived from Landsat satellite images was compared to measured air temperatures at 1 m and at the soil surface on 14 separate dates, until mid-September, 2017. Results showed that it is feasible to derive estimated temperatures at the soil surface from hourly air temperatures, recorded at 1 m above the surface (ambient). The study further correlated Landsat LST closely with site measurements of air and surface temperatures in these solar energy development zones of southern California, allowing inter-conversion with ground-based measurements for use in ecosystem change and animal population biology studies.

Effets de la scarification du site sur le micro-environnement

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
André P. Plamondon ◽  
Denis C. Ouellet ◽  
Gaston Déry
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Soil Water Tension ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Water Tension ◽  
Minimum Air Temperature

Soil and air temperatures, and soil water tension were measured at two sites from June 1972 to August 1973 in order to determine the effect of scarification. This study is part of a project concerning yellow birch regeneration. The minimum air temperature at 30 cm height and at the soil surface were, respectively, 0.5 and 1.0 °C higher at the scarified site; on the other hand, the maximum temperature at 30 cm was lower. The soil temperatures during the summer were 2 to 4 °C higher at the scarified site according to the level considered. Soil water tension was much lower in the scarified station between 0 and 15 cm depth, but the effect decreased during the second summer of the study.

scholarly journals Daily course of the soil temperature in summer in chosen ecosystems of Słowiński National Park, northern Poland

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Bednorz ◽  
Leszek Kolendowicz
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
National Park ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Northern Poland ◽  
Soil Surface Temperature ◽  
Solar Energy Flux

Daily course of the soil temperature in summer in chosen ecosystems of Słowiński National Park, northern Poland Patterns of the daily changes of the soil temperature in summer at three different ecosystems within the Słowiński National Park were analyzed. Strong correlation between the solar radiation and the soil temperature was found, particularly for the bare sandy surfaces, while the plant and humus cover hampers the solar energy flux to the soil. In the same way, correlations between the temperature of soil surface and the air temperature were computed. Finally, logarithmic models for the relationship between the global solar radiation and the soil surface temperature and between the soil surface temperature and the air temperature were constructed.

scholarly journals Autumnal Beach Litter Identification by Mean of Using Ground-Based IR Thermography

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Cosimo Cagnazzo ◽  
Ettore Potente ◽  
Hervé Regnauld ◽  
Sabino Rosato ◽  
Giuseppe Mastronuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Ir Thermography ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
Beach Litter ◽  
Soil Surface Temperature

The progress of scientific research and technological innovation are contributing to an increase in the use of rapid systems for monitoring and identifying geo-environmental processes related to natural and/or anthropogenic activities. The aim of this study is identifying autumnal beach litter using ground-based IR thermography. Starting from quarterly autumn monitoring data of air temperature and sandy soil surface temperature, an empirical equation between the two environmental matrices (air and sandy soil) is obtained. This will allow the calculation of the sandy soil surface temperature knowing only the air temperature. Therefore, it will be possible to know in advance the thermal response of the sandy soil, thus creating a thermal blank of the beach. Using an IR thermal camera, it is possible for a quicker identification of thermal anomalies of the coastal area potentially connected to the presence of pollution due to the anthropogenic origin (particularly plastic material). The test area is located in the area of the Coastal Dunes Regional Natural Park of Ostuni–Fasano in Apulia (southern Italy).

Using soil surface temperature to assess soil evaporation in a drip irrigated vineyard

2013 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 128-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.L. Kerridge ◽  
J.W. Hornbuckle ◽  
E.W. Christen ◽  
R.D. Faulkner
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Evaporation ◽  
Soil Surface Temperature

scholarly journals Determination of the united quality latent index of adaptability (UQLIA) and contribution of some environmental parameters to it for Deschampsia antarctica populations, Galindez island (Maritime Antarctic) season 2017/2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-202
Author(s):  
I. Y. Parnikoza ◽  
N. Y. Miryuta ◽  
V. Y. Ivanets ◽  
E. O. Dykyi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Deschampsia Antarctica ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Soil Surface Temperature ◽  
Experimental Populations ◽  
The Individual

The purpose of our work has been to determine the indicator of complex adaptability — the United Quality Latent Index of Adaptability (UQLIA) for the experimental populations of Deschampsia antarctica É. Desv. and study the contribution to it of some environmental factors such as the near soil surface temperature and organogens content. Materials and methods. The determination of UQLIA was based on a pairwise comparison of the differences between investigated parameters of populations by mathematical regression techniques. The soil surface temperature was measured by loggers installed near plants in each locus during April 2017 – April 2018. Results and conclusions. Temperature fluctuations were described during December 2017 – February 2018 for twelve experimental populations of D. antarctica and one control fragment of moss turf subformation from Galindez Island. Significant variations in average daily near surface temperature were observed during the study period between populations, especially in December and January. The UQLIA of D. antarctica for this season was calculated on the basis of the projective cover, biometric indices of generative plants and the content of protective and reserve proteins in seeds for the eleven populations. The values of the United Soil Surface Temperature Influence Index (UTII) for the season summer months and the United Organogens Content in Soil Influence Index (UOCSII) have been calculated for the individual parameters of D. antarctica plants adaptability. The reliable contribution of UTII to ULIA has been shown for December and January, at the moment of the greatest variation of soil surface temperature. UOCSII provided a reliable contribution to the ULIA only in the amount of UTII. Keywords: Deschampsia antarctica, United Quality Latent Index of Adaptability (UQLIA), contribution of soil surface temperature and organogens content to complex adaptability.

scholarly journals Sea surface temperature variations in the south-eastern BalticSea in 1960–2015

Baltica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktorija Rukšėnienė ◽  
Inga Dailidienė ◽  
Loreta Kelpšaitė-Rimkienė ◽  
Tarmo Soomere
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Joint Application ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

This study focuses on time scales and spatial variations of interrelations between average weather conditions and sea surface temperature (SST), and long-term changes in the SST in south-eastern Baltic Sea. The analysis relies on SST samples measured in situ four times a year in up to 17 open sea monitoring stations in Lithuanian waters in 1960–2015. A joint application of non-metric multi-dimensional scaling and cluster analysis reveals four distinct SST regimes and associated sub-regions in the study area. The increase in SST has occurred during both winter and summer seasons in 1960–2015 whereas the switch from relatively warm summer to colder autumn temperatures has been shifted by 4–6 weeks over this time in all sub-regions. The annual average air temperature and SST have increased by 0.03°C yr–1 and 0.02°C yr–1, respectively, from 1960 till 2015. These data are compared with air temperatures measured in coastal meteorological stations and averaged over time intervals from 1 to 9 weeks. Statistically significant positive correlation exists between the SST and the average air temperature. This correlation is strongest for the averaging interval of 35 days.

scholarly journals Two-Dimensional Spectral Analysis of Soil Surface Temperature

Hilgardia ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bazza ◽  
R. H. Shumway ◽  
D. R. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Soil Surface Temperature

Edaphic respiration in bell pepper cultivation under biological fertilizers, doses and application times

2020 ◽  
pp. 434
Author(s):  
Ygor Henrique Leal
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sheep Manure ◽  
Soil Surface Temperature ◽  
Night And Day ◽  
Absolute Control ◽  
Organic Compost

Biological fertilizers promote several benefits to the soil, and one of the ways to evaluate their quality is to determine the edaphic respiration. The present study aimed to evaluate edaphic respiration in bell pepper cultivation under doses and times of application of biological fertilizers. Two experiments were performed with applications of biological fertilizers prepared from manure and enriched organic compost, one using bovine manure (BM) and the other, sheep manure (SM). The experimental design used was in randomized blocks, in a 4 x 3 + 1 factorial scheme, with three replications, referring to the doses of biological fertilizers (100, 200, 300 and 400 dm³ ha-1), application times (0, 30 and 60 days after transplanting – DAT) and the absolute control. The following variables were evaluated during the night and day: soil surface temperature (Tsurf) and 10 cm deep (T10), soil moisture (M) and edaphic respiration (ER). SM provided the highest ER in the two shifts evaluated. The use of 400 and 300 dm³ ha-1 of SM, at times of 0 and 30 DAT, respectively, provided greater edaphic respiration in relation to the absence of manure during the day.

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