A Survey for Grasshopper Parasites in Temperate South America

1951 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 213-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Exotic Species ◽  
Temperate Zone ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
La Plata ◽  
The World ◽  
Cereal Production ◽  
Canadian Department

In 1937-38 the Argentine Department of Agriculture initiated an exchange of grasshopper parasite material with the Canadian Department of Agriculture which was engaged in a study of the natural control of grasshoppers in various provinces of Canada. By 1942 it was considered desirable to introduce exotic species of parasites into Canada on as wide a scale as possible, and the temperate regions of South America were selected as being the most promising for a survey. The parts of the temperate zone of South America to which preferential attention was to be given included the countries of Uruguay, Argentina, and Chile. The well known grasslands of the Rio de la Plata area have been partially transformed into one of the world centres for cereal production and as in other parts of the world increased grasshopper populations constitute a major problem in the agriculture of the region. Here species of the genus Dichroplus are frequently pests in the way in which members of the closely related Melanoplus are in North America.

Atriplex retusa, the correct name for A. deserticola (Chenopodiaceae; Amaranthaceae sensu APG)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
TIM BÖHNERT ◽  
FEDERICO LUEBERT ◽  
MAXIMILIAN WEIGEND
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Centre Of Diversity ◽  
The World ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
America South

The genus Atriplex Linnaeus (1753: 1052) (Chenopodiaceae Vent.; placed in Amaranthaceae Juss. s. l. in APG IV 2016) comprises about 300 species distributed mainly in subtropical, temperate, and subarctic regions of the world and is mostly adapted to dry conditions on often saline soils (Sukhorukov & Danin 2009, Kadereit et al. 2010, Iamonico 2013, APG IV 2016). The genus is highly diverse in Eurasia, Australia and North America. South America is another centre of diversity with ca. 55 species, 45 of which are considered as native (Brignone et al. 2016). A recent and exhaustive taxonomical synopsis of Atriplex for South America was published by Brignone et al. (2016), but there are also regional taxonomic revisions, e.g., for Chile by Rosas (1989), or Argentina by Múlgura de Romero (1981, 1982 & 1984).

scholarly journals A NEW GENUS OF APHELININÆ FROM CHILE

1900 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 167-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. O. Howard
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
World Wide ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Parasitic Hymenoptera ◽  
The World

Since the publication of the writer's “Revision of the Aphelininæ of North America” (Bulletin 1, Technical Series, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Division of Entomology, 1895), the discovery of new forms, and especially of new genera, has been of very infrequent occurence. Species have been received from all parts of the world, owing to the extraordinary and world-wide development of interest in scale insects, which are the principal hosts of the Aphelininæ, yet nearly all of the forms thus received have been species already described, which have been carried with their hosts upon live plants to many different regions. It is, therefore, interesting to discover a new genus, even from a country like Chile, whose parasitic Hymenoptera are so little known. A most interesting feature of the discovery is that the new genus was reared from Aspidiotus hederœ (nerii) together with three of the cosmopolitan forms, namely, Aspidiotiphagus citrinus (Craw); Coccophagus immaculatus, How., and Prospalta aurantii, How. The writer is indebted to Mr. Edwyn C. Reed, of Rancagua, Chile, for this sending, as well as for many other favours.

First record of Stenostomum sphagnetorum (Platyhelminthes, Catenulida) from India

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4816 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-396
Author(s):  
DAIZY BHARTI ◽  
FRANCISCO BRUSA ◽  
SANTOSH KUMAR ◽  
KAILASH CHANDRA
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Ganga River ◽  
Knowledge Gap ◽  
Free Living ◽  
First Report ◽  
The World

Catenulida are mostly inhabitants of freshwater ecosystems, like ponds, streams, though the marine species are few (Larsson and Willems, 2010). About 110 species of catenulids are known worldwide, with most of the studies conducted in South America (Marcus, 1945a, 1945b; Noreña et al., 2005), North America (Kepner and Carter 1931; Nuttycombe and Waters, 1938) and Scandinavian Peninsula (Luther, 1960, Larsson and Willems, 2010; Larsson et al., 2008). The diversity of catenulids from India has not been studied intensively; however some reports on other turbellaria exists for the country (Annandale, 1912; Whitehouse, 1913; Kapadia, 1947; Basil and Fernando, 1975; Apte and Pitale, 2011; Kalita and Goswami, 2012; Venkataraman et al., 2015). The genus Stenostomum, however, has been studied extensively around the world with identification of over 60 species (Tyler et al., 2006-2016). This is first report of the genus from India. The present study was part of the project to catalogue the diversity of free living protozoan ciliates from the Hooghly stretch of the Ganga River during which the flatworms were found. The worms were studied based on the live observations, with recognition of characters which led to its identification. This study serves to fill knowledge gap in the freshwater flatworms from India. 

scholarly journals Migration of exotic species of ammonites during highstands of sea level

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 324-324
Author(s):  
Keith Young
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Exotic Species ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
Mozambique Channel ◽  
The North ◽  
North And South ◽  
Early Late

In northeastern Chihuahua and Trans-Pecos Texas, in the early Late Albian zone of Hysteroceras varicosum occurs the Boeseites romeri (Haas) fauna with B. romeri (Hass), B. perarmata (Hass), B. aff. barbouri (Haas), B. cf. howelli (Haas), B.proteus (Haas), Prohysteroceras cf. P. hanhaense Haas, Elobiceras sp., and Dipoloceras (?) sp. B. perarmata has also been collected at Cerro Mercado, near Monclova, Coahuila. Haas originally described this fauna from Angola. Now, from rocks in the same zone in the Sierra Mojada, Coahuila, Mexico, there is a form related to if not identical with Hysteroceras famelicum Van Hoepen, also originally described from Angola and also from the zone of Hysteroceras varicosum.These fossils are known only from southern North America and Angola; they have not been described from the European Tethys. In 1984 I suggested that during the highstand of sea level of the early Late Albian (Hysteroceras varicosum zone) these ammonites migrated from Angola to Mexico and Trans-Pecos Texas via an epeiric seaway extending across the sag between South America and Africa proposed by Kennedy and Cooper. This would be twelve to fifteen million years prior to an oceanic connection between the North and South Atlantic.I would now ask, can similar epeiric seas and highstands of sea level explain the migration of successive European, Tethyan, Jurassic ammonite faunas down the Mozambique Channel and around the horn of Africa into the Neuquen Basin of Argentina before Africa and Antarctica separated, as proposed by Spath.

Basilotritus uheni, a new cetacean (Cetacea, Basilosauridae) from the late middle Eocene of eastern Europe

2013 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Gol'din ◽  
Evgenij Zvonok
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
The World ◽  
Nomina Dubia

A new basal basilosaurid cetacean, Basilotritus uheni n. gen. n. sp., comes from the late middle Eocene (Bartonian) of Ukraine. It is the earliest dated record of a cetacean from Eastern Europe. The tympanic bulla of Basilotritus uheni shares basilosaurid synapomorphies but possesses unusual traits inherited from protocetids. Cetaceans related to Basilotritus uheni and referred to as Eocetus or “Eocetus” have been recorded from Africa, Europe, North America and South America. “Eocetus” wardii from North America is recombined as Basilotritus wardii. Platyosphys paulsonii and Platyosphys einori from Ukraine are considered as nomina dubia; specimens prior referred to as Platyosphys sp. are similar or related to Basilotritus. Other records of the Eocene cetaceans from Ukraine and south Russia are identified as Basilotritus or related genera. Early basilosaurids are demonstrated to be a paraphyletic, morphologically and geographically diverse group of the genera that colonized the world ocean as late as in Bartonian age and were probably the ancestors of Neoceti, as well as of more derived basilosaurids.

scholarly journals Passengers' destinations from China: low risk of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) transmission into Africa and South America

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najmul Haider ◽  
Alexei Yavlinsky ◽  
David Simons ◽  
Abdinasir Yusuf Osman ◽  
Francine Ntoumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Very High

Abstract Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV [SARS-COV-2]) was detected in humans during the last week of December 2019 at Wuhan city in China, and caused 24 554 cases in 27 countries and territories as of 5 February 2020. The objective of this study was to estimate the risk of transmission of 2019-nCoV through human passenger air flight from four major cities of China (Wuhan, Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou) to the passengers' destination countries. We extracted the weekly simulated passengers' end destination data for the period of 1–31 January 2020 from FLIRT, an online air travel dataset that uses information from 800 airlines to show the direct flight and passengers' end destination. We estimated a risk index of 2019-nCoV transmission based on the number of travellers to destination countries, weighted by the number of confirmed cases of the departed city reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). We ranked each country based on the risk index in four quantiles (4th quantile being the highest risk and 1st quantile being the lowest risk). During the period, 388 287 passengers were destined for 1297 airports in 168 countries or territories across the world. The risk index of 2019-nCoV among the countries had a very high correlation with the WHO-reported confirmed cases (0.97). According to our risk score classification, of the countries that reported at least one Coronavirus-infected pneumonia (COVID-19) case as of 5 February 2020, 24 countries were in the 4th quantile of the risk index, two in the 3rd quantile, one in the 2nd quantile and none in the 1st quantile. Outside China, countries with a higher risk of 2019-nCoV transmission are Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia, Canada and the USA, all of which reported at least one case. In pan-Europe, UK, France, Russia, Germany and Italy; in North America, USA and Canada; in Oceania, Australia had high risk, all of them reported at least one case. In Africa and South America, the risk of transmission is very low with Ethiopia, South Africa, Egypt, Mauritius and Brazil showing a similar risk of transmission compared to the risk of any of the countries where at least one case is detected. The risk of transmission on 31 January 2020 was very high in neighbouring Asian countries, followed by Europe (UK, France, Russia and Germany), Oceania (Australia) and North America (USA and Canada). Increased public health response including early case recognition, isolation of identified case, contract tracing and targeted airport screening, public awareness and vigilance of health workers will help mitigate the force of further spread to naïve countries.

scholarly journals Satellite television transmission in the world - broadcasting systems and standards

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e44957
Author(s):  
Branimir Jaksic ◽  
Dragisa Miljkovic ◽  
Vladimir Maksimovic ◽  
Mile Petrovic ◽  
Branko Gvozdic
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Satellite Television ◽  
The World ◽  
America South ◽  
Pay Tv

This paper considers the characteristics of satellite television transmission in the world. An overview of the development of satellite television is given through the following characteristics: broadcasting systems - analog and digital (SDTV, HDTV, UHDTV), frequency band (C, Ku, Ka), broadcasting standards (DVB-S, DVB-S2, DigiCipher, DSS), as well as the availability of TV services Free-To-Air TV (FTA) and PAY TV. All of these characteristics were considered both at the global and at the regional level: North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Russia, Asia, and Australia. The gathered data are presented in tabular form and presented graphically for the period from 1996 to 2018. Based on the presented results, an analysis of the development of satellite television transmission was carried out in accordance with the characteristics of the broadcast.

scholarly journals Role of academic institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Neupane ◽  
Juna Rai ◽  
Sarita Chaulagain ◽  
Nisha Jha ◽  
Anishka Sah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
The World ◽  
America South ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Developed World

A novel coronavirus first reported from China has resulted in a formidable outbreak globally threatening millions of human lives with unprecedented challenges. Society needs effective information source to combat this pandemic. Academic institutions would play an important role in disseminating science-based information and planning pandemic crisis. This study aims to examine how academic institutions around the world have been working in combating COVID-19 pandemic. Two hundred and thirty three high ranking universities representing 44 countries from six continents, viz. Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, South America, and Oceania were selected and their websites visited. Any information on COVID-19 updated in the websites were noted and classified. Universities from developed world (North America, Europe) and Oceania were found to be actively disseminating up-to-date information on COVID-19 with compared to those from developing world. All universities in Oceania, 96.66% universities in North America, 96.55% in Europe, 83% in South America, 61.25% in Asia, and 56% in Africa had information regarding COVID-19 in their websites. The high income coutries were facing high casulaties of the disease, and majority of their universities (85.71%) were disseminating up-to-date information through their websites. There exists a gap between the universities of developed and developing world in disseminating COVID-19 pandemic information.

scholarly journals Global burden of COVID-19: Situational analyis and review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Addis Adera Gebru ◽  
Tadesse Birhanu ◽  
Eshetu Wendimu ◽  
Agumas Fentahun Ayalew ◽  
Selamawit Mulat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Review Period ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control

BACKGROUND: The novel Coronavirus Diseases 2019 (COVID-19) is the major public health burden in the world. The morbidity and mortality of global community due to this disease is dramatically increasing from time to time. OBJECTIVE: This situational analysis is aimed to analysis prevalence, and incidence of COVID-19 and to provide clear information about this disease for the scientific community, stakeholders and healthcare practitioners and decision-makers. METHODS: The literatures were identified by searching the key relevant and officially known online databases: medRxiv, Google scholar and PubMed. The online databases contain archives of most English biomedical journals and scientific papers published online from 31 December to 3 April 2020 were included. After the literature search, articles were screened independently by two reviewers for eligibility. RESULTS: The world continents have confirmed a total of 1,202,320 confirmed COVID-19 cases: (51.2%) in Europe, (27.7%) in North America, (17.9%) in Asia, (1.96%) in South America and at less number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Africa and Australia which was accounted 0.8% and 0.5%, respectively. However, this review showed that there was significantly increased the confirmed COVID-19 cases by 109,555 in Asia, 8,658 in Africa, 332,866 in North America, 20,269 in South America, 568,894 in Europe, 5,051 in Australia and 1,045,403 in the whole world continent except Antarctica during the review period. The overall results showed that there were 1,098,762 cases and 59,172 deaths have recorded from during the review period. The result zero number of deaths with COVID-19 was observed in 66 countries. CONCLUSION: The review concluded that COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 is the major public health burden in the world, the morbidity and mortality of global community is dramatically increasing from time to time. Strongly collaboration among all sectors and then design effective prevention and control strategies which include staying home, social/physical distancing, quarantine, testing of suspected patients, isolation and managing of the confirmed cases. Therefore, the world continents countries should have to implement five major COVID-19 prevention and control programmes as soon as possible at community level.

Connecting to the World's Collections: Making the Case for the Conservation and Preservation of Our Cultural Heritage

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-654
Author(s):  
Joyce Hill Stoner
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Middle East ◽  
South America ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Decorative Arts ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Library Services ◽  
The World ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Sixty cultural heritage leaders from 32 countries, including representatives from Africa, Asia, the Middle East, South America, Australia, Europe, and North America, gathered in October 2009 in Salzburg, Austria, to develop a series of practical recommendations to ensure optimal collections conservation worldwide. Convened at Schloss Leopoldskron, the gathering was conducted in partnership by the Salzburg Global Seminar (SGS) and the Institute for Museum and Library Services (IMLS). The participants were conservation specialists from libraries and museums, as well as leaders of major conservation centers and cultural heritage programs from around the world. As cochair Vinod Daniel noted, no previous meeting of conservation professionals has been “as diverse as this, with people from as many parts of the world, as cross-disciplinary as this.” The group addressed central issues in the care and preservation of the world's cultural heritage, including moveable objects (library materials, books, archives, paintings, sculpture, decorative arts, photographic collections, art on paper, and archaeological and ethnographic objects) and immoveable heritage (buildings and archaeological sites).

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