An Annotated List of Hemiptera Inhabiting Sour Cherry Orchards in the Niagara Peninsula, Ontario

1951 ◽  
Vol 83 (8) ◽  
pp. 194-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. H. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
Entomological Laboratory

A study of the insect inhabitants of the sour cherry orchards of the Niagara district of Ontario was begun in the spring of 1947, ass part of an investigation of virus diseases of stone fruits carried on cooperatively between the Dominion Entomological Laboratory at Vineland Station and the Dominion Laboratory of Plant Pathology at St. Catharines. The virus disease cherry yellows of sour cherry had by that time become prevalent and appeared to be spreading rapidly. The rate and pattern of spread revealed by a survey of orchards suggested that an insect vector may be involved in the dissemination of the virus. The Hemiptera were chosen as the first group for study because most of the known vectors of plant viruses belong to this order.

Phyto-metabolites; An Impregnable Shield against Plant Viruses

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqar Islam ◽  
Muhammad Adnan ◽  
Muhammad Tayyab ◽  
Mubasher Hussain ◽  
Saif Ul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Vector Population ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Worldwide, economically important crops are under continuous threat from plant viruses as they reproduce within the host and spread via various biological and non biological means. The problem can be minimized via application of integrated management approaches involving utilization of resistant genotypes and reducing the insect vector population. But such strategies are rarely applied in developing countries and farmers prefer to use chemicals against all type of diseases. But increasing use of pesticides is a leading cause of disaster to our ecosystem so alternative means such as phyto-metabolites should be explored for eco friendly management of plant viruses. So here we have reviewed about different phyto-metabolites that can be effectively and potentially used against various plant virus diseases. We further explained about the various primary and secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, essential oils, flavonoids, polysaccharides and proteins. The review highlights the recent advances in the field of phyto-metabolites utilization against plant viruses and sums up via hoping through prospects that future drugs will be safer for human beings and our ecosystem.

scholarly journals Field Application of Nanoliposomes Delivered Quercetin by Inhibiting Specific hsp70 Gene Expression Against Plant Virus Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Kaiqiang Hao ◽  
Fangfei Yu ◽  
Lili Shen ◽  
Fenglong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Virus ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Stability Limit ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Control Efficiency

Abstract The annual economic loss caused by plant viruses exceeds 10 billion dollars due to the lack of ideal control measures. Quercetin is a flavonol compound that exerts a control effect on plant virus diseases, but its poor solubility and stability limit the control efficiency. Fortunately, the development of nanopesticides has led to new ideas. In this study, 117 nm quercetin nanoliposomes with excellent stability were prepared from biomaterials, and few surfactants and stabilizers were added to optimize the formula. Nbhsp70er-1 and Nbhsp70c-A were found to be the target genes of quercetin, through abiotic and biotic stress, and the nanoliposomes improved the inhibitory effect at the gene and protein levels by 33.6% and 42%, respectively. Finally, the results of field experiment showed that the control efficiency was 38% higher than that of the conventional quercetin formulation and higher than those of other antiviral agents. This research is the first to report the combination of biological antiviral agents and nanotechnology to control plant virus diseases, and it significantly improved the control efficiency and reduced the use of traditional chemical pesticides.

scholarly journals Field application of nanoliposomes delivered quercetin by inhibiting specific hsp70 gene expression against plant virus disease

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Kaiqiang Hao ◽  
Fangfei Yu ◽  
Lili Shen ◽  
Fenglong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Virus ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Stability Limit ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Control Efficiency

Abstract Background The annual economic loss caused by plant viruses exceeds 10 billion dollars due to the lack of ideal control measures. Quercetin is a flavonol compound that exerts a control effect on plant virus diseases, but its poor solubility and stability limit the control efficiency. Fortunately, the development of nanopesticides has led to new ideas. Results In this study, 117 nm quercetin nanoliposomes with excellent stability were prepared from biomaterials, and few surfactants and stabilizers were added to optimize the formula. Nbhsp70er-1 and Nbhsp70c-A were found to be the target genes of quercetin, through abiotic and biotic stress, and the nanoliposomes improved the inhibitory effect at the gene and protein levels by 33.6 and 42%, respectively. Finally, the results of field experiment showed that the control efficiency was 38% higher than that of the conventional quercetin formulation and higher than those of other antiviral agents. Conclusion This research innovatively reports the combination of biological antiviral agents and nanotechnology to control plant virus diseases, and it significantly improved the control efficiency and reduced the use of traditional chemical pesticides. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Transmission of a New Polerovirus Infecting Pepper by the WhiteflyBemisia tabaci

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saptarshi Ghosh ◽  
Surapathrudu Kanakala ◽  
Galina Lebedev ◽  
Svetlana Kontsedalov ◽  
David Silverman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Infectious Clone ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Virus Vector ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pepper Vein Yellows Virus ◽  
Aphid Populations

ABSTRACTMany animal and plant viruses depend on arthropods for their transmission. Virus-vector interactions are highly specific, and only one vector or one of a group of vectors from the same family is able to transmit a given virus. Poleroviruses (Luteoviridae) are phloem-restricted RNA plant viruses that are exclusively transmitted by aphids. Multiple aphid-transmitted polerovirus species commonly infect pepper, causing vein yellowing, leaf rolling, and fruit discoloration. Despite low aphid populations, a recent outbreak with such severe symptoms in many bell pepper farms in Israel led to reinvestigation of the disease and its insect vector. Here we report that this outbreak was caused by a new whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)-transmitted polerovirus, which we named Pepper whitefly-borne vein yellows virus (PeWBVYV). PeWBVYV is highly (>95%) homologous toPepper vein yellows virus(PeVYV) from Israel and Greece on its 5′ end half, while it is homologous toAfrican eggplant yellows virus(AeYV) on its 3′ half. Koch's postulates were proven by constructing a PeWBVYV infectious clone causing the pepper disease, which was in turn transmitted to test pepper plants byB. tabacibut not by aphids. PeWBVYV represents the first report of a whitefly-transmitted polerovirus.IMPORTANCEThe high specificity of virus-vector interactions limits the possibility of a given virus changing vectors. Our report describes a new virus from a family of viruses strictly transmitted by aphids which is now transmitted by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) and not by aphids. This report presents the first description of polerovirus transmission by whiteflies. Whiteflies are highly resistant to insecticides and disperse over long distances, carrying virus inoculum. Thus, the report of such unusual polerovirus transmission by a supervector has extensive implications for the epidemiology of the virus disease, with ramifications concerning the international trade of agricultural commodities.

Tobacco rosette: a complex virus disease

Parasitology ◽  
1946 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Tobacco Plant ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Abnormal Tissue

An account is given of a composite virus disease of tobacco for which the name tobacco rosette has been suggested.The two component viruses, named the mottle and vein-distorting viruses respectively, have been separated, and their symptomatology and methods of transmission described. The mottle virus is both sap and aphis-transmitted, but the vein-distorting virus is aphis-borne only.The symptoms and histopathology of the complex disease in the tobacco plant are dealt with in some detail. There are three main types of symptoms: (1) intense rosetting, (2) splitting of the tissues, (3) formation of enations on the under-surface of the leaves.The splitting of the tissues has been examined microscopically, and a number of photomicrographs are given illustrating the formation of the fissures. It is suggested that there is a concentration of virus in the cambium which prevents the formation of the normal xylem. Abnormal tissue and giant cells are formed in the cortex and pith. This appears to set up stresses which cause the splitting.The insect vector of the complex disease is the aphis Myzus persicae Sulz. Another aphis, M. pseudosolani Theob., is also a vector but is less efficient than M. persicae.The writer's thanks are due to Prof. F. T. Brooks, F.R.S., with whom he discussed the histopathology of the rosette disease, to Dr Roy Markham for taking the photographs illustrating Pl. I, figs. 2–5, and to Mr Charles Harpley of the Molteno Institute for his assistance in taking' the photomicrographs.

scholarly journals The Virus Diseases of Beans

Bothalia ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-558
Author(s):  
Patricia J. Klesser
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Virus Diseases

Division of Plant Pathology

scholarly journals Factors Determining Transmission of Persistent Viruses by Bemisia tabaci and Emergence of New Virus–Vector Relationships

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1808
Author(s):  
Saptarshi Ghosh ◽  
Murad Ghanim
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Tissue Tropism ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Persistent Viruses ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus

Many plant viruses depend on insect vectors for their transmission and dissemination. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most important virus vectors, transmitting more than four hundred virus species, the majority belonging to begomoviruses (Geminiviridae), with their ssDNA genomes. Begomoviruses are transmitted by B. tabaci in a persistent, circulative manner, during which the virus breaches barriers in the digestive, hemolymph, and salivary systems, and interacts with insect proteins along the transmission pathway. These interactions and the tissue tropism in the vector body determine the efficiency and specificity of the transmission. This review describes the mechanisms involved in circulative begomovirus transmission by B. tabaci, focusing on the most studied virus in this regard, namely the tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and its closely related isolates. Additionally, the review aims at drawing attention to the recent knowhow of unorthodox virus—B. tabaci interactions. The recent knowledge of whitefly-mediated transmission of two recombinant poleroviruses (Luteoviridae), a virus group with an ssRNA genome and known to be strictly transmitted with aphids, is discussed with its broader context in the emergence of new whitefly-driven virus diseases.

scholarly journals Dieback of apricot plantations caused by 'Ca. Phytoplasma prunorum' in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county (Northern-Hungary)

2010 ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Gábor Tarcali ◽  
Emese Kiss ◽  
György J. Kövics ◽  
Sándor Süle ◽  
László Irinyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Fruit Plantations

Plant diseases caused by phytoplasmas have increasing importance in all over the world for fruit growers. Lately, phytoplasma diseases occur on many fruit varieties and responsible for serious losses both in quality and quantity of fruit production. In the long-run these diseases cause destruction of fruit trees. The apricot phytoplasma disease (Ca. Phytoplasma prunorum) was first reported in Europe in 1924 from France. In 1992 the disease has also been identified in Hungary. On the base of growers' signals serious damages of "Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum" Seemüller and Schneider, 2004 (formerly: European stone fruit yellows phytoplasma) could be observed in different stone fruit plantations in the famous apricot-growing area nearby Gönc town, Northern-Hungary. Field examinations have been begun in 2009 in several stone fruit plantations in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County mainly in Gönc region which is one of the most important apricot growing regions in Hungary, named “Gönc Apricot Growing Area”. Our goals were to diagnose the occurrence of Ca. Phytoplasma prunorum on stone fruits (especially on apricot) in the North-Hungarian growing areas by visual diagnostics and confirm data by laboratory PCR-based examinations. All the 28 collected samples were tested in laboratory trials and at 13 samples from apricot, peach, sour cherry and wild plum were confirmed the presence of phytoplasma (ESFY). On the base of observations it seems evident that the notable losses caused by "Ca. Phytoplasma prunorum" is a new plant health problem to manage for fruit growers, especially apricot producers in Hungary. 

scholarly journals An annotated list of plant viruses and viroids described in Brazil (1926-2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliot W. Kitajima
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Alphabetical Order ◽  
Species List ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
Plant Viruses And Viroids ◽  
Official Recognition ◽  
Scientific Name

Abstract: A list of plant species, in alphabetical order by their scientific name, and the viruses found naturally infecting them in Brazilian territory, with some comments, was prepared . The production of such a list was based on a yearly catalog of publications on plant viruses collected by the author, from 1926 to 2018. Listed species of viruses were those recognized by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), but also those characterized and still waiting official recognition, were included. Several cases of putative viral diseases were listed for historical reasons expecting to raise interest for their clarification. This list includes 345 plants species belonging to 74 families naturally infected by plant viruses in Brazil. Fabaceae and Asteraceae had most virus-infected species, respectively 49 and 36. Until 2018, a total of 213 plant virus and 6 viroid species belonging to 57 genera and 22 families and 6 orders, officially recognized by ICTV, were found naturally infecting these plants. Begomovirus and Potyvirus genera have most representatives, with 45 and 42 species, respectively. There are 59 characterized plant viruses, up to species level, described in Brazil waiting for the inclusion in the ICTV Master Species List. One hundred and thirteen viruses were identified up to genus level but still uncharacterized, while four putative isometric viruses and eleven presumptive viral diseases (“unidentified”) are included in the list. A reverse catalog, listing viruses and the plant species in which they were found is also included.

scholarly journals Introduction to Special Issue of Molecular Plant Pathology ‐ “Extracellular and intracellular perception of plant viruses”

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1183-1184
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Aranda ◽  
Kristiina Mäkinen ◽  
Jeanmarie Verchot
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Special Issue
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document