FOOD-PLANTS AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE SPECIES OF CALLIGRAPHA IN CANADA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE)

1945 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 117-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Brown
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Food Plant ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Food Plants

Twenty-nine species and named subspecies of Calligrapha Chev., including eight species previously undescribed, are listed below with notes on food-plant, distribution, and variability. New names are offered for the hamonyms elegans (Olivier) and similis (Rogers). The records and notes, except those credited to authors, are based almost entirely on material in the Canadian National Collection.

SOME NEW NORTH AMERICAN GENERA AND SPECIES IN THE GROUP FORMERLY CALLED PLATYMETOPIUS (RHYNCHOTA, HOMOPTERA)

1931 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
E. D. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
New Species ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Food Plant ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
History Information ◽  
Related Group ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Working Out

The writer has been working on the food plants of the leaf-hoppers for many years and has found in the main the different species of the genus Platymetopius, as commonly recognized, are very closely confined to a single species of plant or to a closely related group. Before it was possible to prepare a list of the food plants in the group it was found necessary to describe a number of new species of which food plant and life history information was available. In working out the relationship of these species, two startling discoveries were made.

scholarly journals Larval Food Limitation in a Speyeria Butterfly (Nymphalidae): How Many Butterflies Can Be Supported?

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Ryan Hill ◽  
Cassidi Rush ◽  
John Mayberry
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Food Limitation ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Food Plant ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Adult Abundance

For herbivorous insects the importance of larval food plants is obvious, yet the role of host abundance and density in conservation are relatively understudied. Populations of Speyeria butterflies across North America have declined and Speyeria adiaste is an imperiled species endemic to the southern California Coast Ranges. In this paper, we study the link between the food plant Viola purpurea quercetorum and abundance of its herbivore Speyeria adiaste clemencei to better understand the butterfly’s decline and aid in restoration of this and other Speyeria species. To assess the degree to which the larval food plant limits adult abundance of S. a. clemencei in 2013, we compared adult population counts to population size predicted from a Monte Carlo simulation using data for number of V. pur. quercetorum plants, number of leaves per plant, and leaf area per plant, with lab estimates of leaf area consumed to reach pupal stage on the non-native host V. papilionacea. Results indicated an average estimate of 765 pupae (median = 478), with 77% of the distribution being <1000 pupae. However, this was heavily dependent on plant distribution, and accounting for the number of transect segments with sufficient host to support a pupa predicted 371 pupae. The adult population empirical estimate was 227 individuals (95% CI is 146 to 392), which lies near the first quartile of the simulated distribution. These results indicate that the amount of host available to larvae was more closely linked to adult abundance than the amount of host present, especially when considering assumptions of the analyses. The data also indicate that robust populations require host density well in excess of what is eaten by larvae, in combination with appropriate spacing, to mitigate factors such as competition, starvation from leaving host patches, or unrelated to food plant, such as mortality from drought, predators, parasites, or disease.

The Evolutionary Relationships of Three Forms of the Jarrah Leaf Miner, Perthida Glyphopa (Common) (Lepidoptera: Incurvariidae).

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Mahon ◽  
PM Miethke ◽  
JA Mahon
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Food Plant ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Eucalyptus Marginata ◽  
Reasonable Explanation ◽  
A New Species

Isoenzymes from larvae of Perthida glyphopa Common from 2 food-plants, Eucalyptus marginata and E. rudis, were examined in the laboratory in Australia. Significant differences in the frequencies of alleles at 4 gene loci were found in larvae collected from adjacent trees of the 2 species in Western Australia. The most reasonable explanation of the data is that there is little or no gene flow between populations on the 2 food-plants. Since P. glyphopa was described from E. marginata, the incurvariid that attacks E. rudis is a new species. Evidence is presented that suggests that the species from a 3rd food-plant, E. todtiana, may be conspecific with P. glyphopa.

New Species and Records of Diatraea Guilding and Zeadiatraea Box from Mexico, Central and South America (Lepid., Pyral.)

1956 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold E. Box
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Unknown Male

Records are given of the localities (with altitudes) of approximately 900 specimens representing 21 species of Diatraea Guild, and four species of Zeadiatraea Box, from Mexico, Central and South America. Most of the moths were reared from known food-plants (all Gramineae) and the larvae of several of them are important agricultural pests as stalk-borers in sugar-cane and maize.Three species of Diatraea are described as new to science and their genitalia are figured, viz., colombiana, sp.n. (Colombia), balboana, sp.n. (Panama) and veracruzana, sp.n. (Mexico). The previously unknown male of D. instructella Dyar (Mexico) is described and its genitalia figured. These moths (except colombiana) are illustrated in the Plate. An attempt is made to clarify the confusion which has existed concerning D. magnifactella Dyar and the closely related D. considerata Heinrich, both of which are endemic in Mexico, but each with its own area of distribution without overlapping. The paper includes additional records and observations on the polytypic D. busckella Dyar & Heinrich and certain of its subspecies in Panama and Venezuela, previously discussed by the writer in this journal in 1951.

Preliminary Observations on Cotton Stainers and Internal Boll Disease of Cotton in S. Africa

1934 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. O. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Food Plant ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Wild Food ◽  
Wild Food Plants ◽  
Experiment Station ◽  
Rate Of Spread

SummaryRecords of stainer infestation in cotton have been taken at the Cotton Experiment Station, Barberton, South Africa, since 1931, and in 1933 a uniform system of recording stainer populations in cotton by sampling 10-acre blocks was extended to four farms in the Barberton district, three farms in Swaziland and the Cotton Experiment Station at Magut, Natal.The records so obtained show that stainers normally appear in plant cotton in late February or early March. D. intermedium, Dist., is present in comparatively small numbers throughout the season; D. nigrofasciatus, Stål, and D.fasciatus, Sign., are very variable in relative abundance. In 1933 the latter species was practically absent from cotton at all points save those in the vicinity of ratoon or standover cotton, but in 1931 and 1932 it appeared in numbers equal to those of D. nigrofasciatus and bred up a very much larger population in the crop.Where normal migration occurs, all three species of stainers pass through two and a partial third generation in the crop; at the end of the season part of the adults migrate from the crop and the remainder, together with the bulk of the nymphs, may be destroyed by appropriate clean-up measures.Extensive surveys of the Transvaal Low Veld and rapid tours of portions of Swaziland, Zululand and Portuguese East Africa, indicate that the principal wild food-plants of stainers in these regions comprise the genera Abutilon, Gossypium, Hibiscus and Sida in the Malvaceae, Melhania and Sterculia in the Sterculiaceae and Adansonia in the Bombaceae.The Malvaceous host plants and Melhania are all herbaceous or shrubby species and upon these D. nigrofasciatus is frequently found. It is possible that colonies of these plants existing in sheltered situations may provide overwintering grounds for this species.Two species of Sterculia are known, S. rogersii and S. murex. The former is wide-spread and abundant throughout the Low Veld and probably constitutes the main breeding-ground of all species in the early summer. The latter species is rarer, and its status as a food-plant is not yet fully investigated.The Baobab occurs in large numbers in the Northern Transvaal, but it has not yet been proved to be a winter food-plant. The latest information shows that during the summer it may commonly be infested with D. fasciatus.In conjunction with stainer population records in the crop, weekly systematic records of damage to the crop have been obtained from samples of bolls which have been examined for puncturing and graded for degree of staining. The number of punctures per boll and the percentage staining are strongly correlated, but it has proved difficult to correlate these with stainer population, except where young bolls are examined.Internal boll disease, particularly early in the season, may be due to bacterial organisms transmitted by species of Hemiptera other than stainers. Later in the season the infection of the crop is more definitely due to Nematospora spp., of which N. gossypii is commoner than N. coryli.All species of stainers collected on cotton have been found to transmit Nematospora, though they are not efficient vectors until the fourth instar is reached. Adult stainers collected on wild food-plants (Gossypium herbaceum var. africanum, Hibiscus spp., and Sterculia rogersii) have been shown to be infected with N. gossypii.The etiology of the disease produced by both species of Nematospora has been followed in inoculation experiments, using pure cultures. The rate of spread of the disease varies with the age of the boll at the time of inoculation, being slower when the boll has passed middle age. In neither species does staining extend beyond the foculus in which infection starts, nor does the fungus occur within the seed except lollowing direct puncturing of the seed.The fact that the staining is not co-extensive with the region occupied by the fungus, but goes far beyond it, and that a pathological condition indistinguishable from that due to the living organism may be produced by injecting a sterilised suspension of the fungus, suggests that the death of the lint hairs, producing staining, is due to a toxic substance liberated by the developing fungus.

scholarly journals Bucculatrix latviaella sp. n. aus Lettland (Lepidoptera, Bucculatricidae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivars Šulcs
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Food Plant ◽  
Aster Tripolium

Bucculatrix latviaella sp. n. is described from Latvia. The new species flies on habitats devoid of Aster tripolium, the food plant of the closely related B. maritima Stainton It has been recorded from Latvia (9 ind.) and Finland (1 ind.).

scholarly journals Nutrtional profile of some selected food plants of Otwal and Ngai sub counties Oyam district, northern Uganda

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (57) ◽  
pp. 7428-7451
Author(s):  
A Acipa ◽  
◽  
M Kamatenesi-Mugisha ◽  
H Oryem-Origa
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Food Plant ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Wild Food ◽  
Wild Food Plants ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
General Decline

Wild food plants play an important role in the diet of inhabitants of Oyam District. Some of these plants are drought -resistant and gathered throughout the year . These wild foods are an important source of nutrients. However, there is a lack of comprehensive data re garding the nutrient content s of these indigenous plants. The purpose of this study was to document and assess the nutrient and mineral content s of the selected food plants. Ethnobotanical surveys were used to collect data through formal and informal inter views and focused group discussions. Voucher specimens were collected during field excursions and taken to Makerere Herbarium for proper identification . Nutrients and mineral analyses of wild and cultivated fruits, seeds, underground organs and vegetables from Ngai and Otwal sub counties were carried out using known procedures. They were analysed for mineral nutrients such as calcium, iron, potassium, and phosphorus concentrations. Additionally nutrients such proteins, beta carotene, vitamin C and dietary fibre were determined . On average, vegetables were found to be richer in organic nutrients and minerals followed by fruits and seeds in that order . Generally the wild food plant species were found to be richer sources of mineral nutrient than their cultivated relatives. F or example , the highest concentration of calcium 867.59 mg/100g was found in Acalypha bipartita leaves compared to 294.18 mg/100g in Cleome gynandra . Plant species that showed high iron contents [>30% ] were leaves of swamp hibiscus , African spider flowers , fruits of Tamarind , Black night shade and Jews mallow . It was also noted that among the food plant species analysed, fruits were low in nutrients and mineral elements. Some of these food plants were also considered to have medicinal properties by the locals such as African spider flower, Rattle pod among others. However, it should be noted that there is a general decline in the consumption of wild plants , despite the apparent high nutritional values . T he conservation of wild food plants is not taking place among the communities in the study area, thus the poor rural communities who are limited on balancing their diet could be faced with diseases associated with nutrient deficiencies .

scholarly journals Food plant diversity as broad-scale determinant of avian frugivore richness

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1611) ◽  
pp. 799-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Daniel Kissling ◽  
Carsten Rahbek ◽  
Katrin Böhning-Gaese
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Habitat Heterogeneity ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Food Plant ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Avian Frugivores ◽  
Sub Saharan

The causes of variation in animal species richness at large spatial scales are intensively debated. Here, we examine whether the diversity of food plants, contemporary climate and energy, or habitat heterogeneity determine species richness patterns of avian frugivores across sub-Saharan Africa. Path models indicate that species richness of Ficus (their fruits being one of the major food resources for frugivores in the tropics) has the strongest direct effect on richness of avian frugivores, whereas the influences of variables related to water–energy and habitat heterogeneity are mainly indirect. The importance of Ficus richness for richness of avian frugivores diminishes with decreasing specialization of birds on fruit eating, but is retained when accounting for spatial autocorrelation. We suggest that a positive relationship between food plant and frugivore species richness could result from niche assembly mechanisms (e.g. coevolutionary adaptations to fruit size, fruit colour or vertical stratification of fruit presentation) or, alternatively, from stochastic speciation–extinction processes. In any case, the close relationship between species richness of Ficus and avian frugivores suggests that figs are keystone resources for animal consumers, even at continental scales.

scholarly journals Unity in Diversity - Food Plants and Fungi of Sakartvelo (Republic of Georgia), Caucasus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer W Bussmann ◽  
Narel Y Paniagua Zambrana ◽  
Inayat Ur Rahman ◽  
Zaal Kikvidze ◽  
Shalva Sikharulidze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Food Plant ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Wild Food ◽  
Wild Food Plants ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Plant Use ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background: The Republic of Georgia is part of the Caucasus biodiversity hotspot, and human agricultural plant use dates bat at least 6000 years. Over the last years lots of ethnobotanical research on the area has been published. In this paper we analyze the use of food plants in the 80% of Georgia not occupied by Russian forces. We hypothesized that, (1) given the long tradition of plant use, and the isolation under Soviet rule, plant use both based on home gardens and wild harvesting would be more pronounced in Georgia than in the wider region, (2) food plant use knowledge would be widely and equally spread in most of Georgia, (3) there would still be incidence of knowledge loss despite wide plant use, especially in climatically favored agricultural regions in Western and Eastern Georgia.Methods: From 2013 to 2019 we interviewed over 380 participants in all regions of Georgia not occupied by Russian forces and recorded over 19800 mentions of food plants. All interviews were carried out in the participants’ homes and gardens by native speakers of Georgian and its dialects (Imeretian, Rachian, Lechkhumian, Tush, Khevsurian, Psavian, Kakhetian), other Kartvelian languages (Megrelian, Svan) and minority languages (Ossetian, Ude, Azeri, Armenian, Greek). Results: The regional division was based primarily on historic provinces of Georgia, which often coincides with the current administrative borders. The total number of taxa, mostly identified to species, was 474. Taxonomically, the difference between two food plant groups - garden versus wild - was strongly pronounced even at family level. The richness of plant families was 66 versus 97 families in garden versus wild plants, respectively, and the difference was highly significant. Other diversity indices also unequivocally pointed to considerably more diverse family composition of wild versus garden plants as the differences between all the tested diversity indices appeared to be highly significant.Conclusions: Relationships among the regions in the case of wild food plants show a different and clearer pattern. In particular, adjacent regions cluster together (Kvemo Zemo Racha, and Zemo Imereti; Samegrelo, Guria, Adjara, Lechkhumi and Kvemo and Zemo Svaneti; Meskheti, Javakheti, Kvemo Kartli; Mtianeti, Kakheti, Khevsureti, Tusheti. Like in the case of the garden food plants, species diversity of wild food plants mentioned varied strongly. Climate severity and traditions of the use of wild food plants might play role in this variation. Overall food plant knowledge is widely spread all across Georgia, and broadly maintained

scholarly journals A list of Uganda Coccidae, their food-plants and natural enemies

1917 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Gowdey
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Food Plant ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Monodora Myristica

In the following list the species marked with an asterisk were described as new from the material collected by the author.Subfamily Monophlebinae.1. Monophlebus raddoni, Westw. Food-plant unknown.2. Icerya caudatum, Newst. On crotons.3. Icerya nigroareolata, Newst. On coffee and crotons.4. Icerya seychellarum, Westw. On Monodora myristica, Eranthemum bicolor and mango.5. Icerya sulphurea, Lind. On Castilloa rubber and guava.

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