A THIRD TENT CATERPILLAR IN EASTERN CANADA (LEPIDOPTERA, LASIOCAMPIDAE)

1943 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 203-205
Author(s):  
C. E. Atwood
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Canada ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tent Caterpillars ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

Everyone who travels the forests or roads of Ontario and the provinces east of it must be familiar with the tent caterpillars of the genus Malacosoma. The best known of these is the orchard, eastern, or American tent caterpillar, Malacosoma americana Fab., which makes its large grey “tents” on chokecherry, apple, hawthorn, wild plum and other trees and shrubs, chiefly of the family Rosacea.

(E)-5, (Z)-7-DODECADIENAL, A SEX PHEROMONE COMPONENT OF THE WESTERN TENT CATERPILLAR, MALACOSOMA CALIFORNICUM (LEPIDOPTERA: LASIOCAMPIDAE)

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Underhill ◽  
M. D. Chisholm ◽  
Warren Steck
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
North America ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Pheromone Component ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Female Sex Pheromone ◽  
Malacosoma Californicum ◽  
Tent Caterpillars ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

Tent caterpillars of the genus Malacosoma frequently appear in outbreak numbers causing widespread defoliation of trees and shrubs in North America. The western tent caterpillar, M. californicum (Packard), with six subspecies, occurs over most of temperate western North America and although there is a large number of host plants on which it will oviposit and feed (Stehr and Cook 1968), most have little commercial value. We report here the identification of a component of the female sex pheromone of M. californicum.

THE VALUE OF HAND CONTROL FOR THE TENT CATERPILLARS, MALACOSOMA AMERICANA FABR. AND MALACOSOMA DISSTRIA HBN. (LASIOCAMPIDAE, LEPIDOPTERA)

1940 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey L. Sweetman
Keyword(s):  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Wild Cherry ◽  
Eastern Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Hand Control ◽  
Tent Caterpillars ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

The eastern and forest tent caterpillars are native insects and have been recognized as pests of forest trees and shrubs since colonization of thi country by the early settlers (Swaine, 1913; Baird, 1917; Baerg, 1935; Wadley, 1938). The eastern tent caterpillar becomes conspicuous in the spring about the time the leaves of wild cherry appear and thereafter for about a month.

Fruit developmental biology and endosperm rumination in Elaeocarpus ruminatus (Elaeocarpaceae), and its taxonomic significance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet N. Gagul ◽  
David Y. P. Tng ◽  
Darren M. Crayn
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Phylogenetic Distribution ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
The Family ◽  
Developmental Phases ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Gaining Insight

The genus Elaeocarpus is the largest genus in the family Elaeocarpaceae, comprising more than 350 species of trees and shrubs with a mainly Indo-Pacific distribution. Approximately 28 species in the genus, including nine species from Australia, are known to possess ruminate endosperm. To provide a basis for understanding fruit development and endosperm rumination in the genus and, therefore, its taxonomic and evolutionary significance, we studied the fruit anatomy of Elaeocarpus ruminatus F.Muell. at different developmental phases (petal-fall to maturity). We found lignin in pericarp and ovary wall tissues in the earliest stages of development. In contrast, endosperm rumination occurs only after fruits have fully expanded, and becomes more pronounced as fruits ripen. Its phylogenetic distribution suggests that ruminate endosperm is a derived, albeit homoplasious character in Elaeocarpus. Comparative studies on related species will be instructive in determining the utility of ruminate endosperm for informing infra-generic taxonomy of the genus, and gaining insight into its adaptive significance.

scholarly journals Stigmatic surface in the Vochysiaceae: reproductive and taxonomic implications

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 780-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Carmo-Oliveira ◽  
Berta Lange de Morretes
Keyword(s):  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Stigmatic Surface ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Fresh Material ◽  
The Family ◽  
Taxonomic Implications ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

The Vochysiaceae are Neotropical trees and shrubs, common in the savanna areas in Central Brazil (Cerrados). The family has been traditionally divided into two tribes: Erismeae, with three genera, and Vochysieae, with five genera. We investigated the stigmatic surface of six Vochysiaceae species, belonging to four genera of Vochysieae: Vochysia, Salvertia, Callisthene and Qualea. Flowers and buds at different developmental stages were collected. Morphological features were observed on fresh material and stigmatic receptivity was inferred based on esterasic activity. Pistils were fixed and embedded in paraplast and sectioned on a rotary microtome; the sections were stained before histological analysis. Stigmas of open flowers were also observed by scanning electron microscopy. Stigmas of all species were wet and showed esterasic activity at pre-anthesis and anthesis stages. Stigmatic surface was continuous with transmitting tissue of glandular nature. Vochysia and Salvertia stigmatic surfaces were formed by multicelular uniseriate hairs, and species of the remaining genera showed papillate surface. The exudate over mature stigmas in all species flowed without rupture of stigmatic surface and pollen tubes grew down between hairs or papillae. Differences on the stigmatic surface agreed with a phylogenetic reconstruction that separated two clades and indicated that Vochysieae is not monophyletic. Stigmatic features could not be associated with pollination and breeding systems.

The Light Reactions of Larvae of the Tent Caterpillars, Malacosoma disstria Hbn., M. americanum (Fab.), and M. pluviale (Dyar). (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)

1953 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 297-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Sullivan ◽  
W. G. Wellington
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Larval Behaviour ◽  
Tent Caterpillars ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

The forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hbn., and the eastern and western tent caterpillars, M. americanum (Fab.) and M. pluviale (Dyar), are common pests of several species of deciduous trees in Canada. All are colonial during the larval stage, but M. disstria differs from the others in one respect: it does not construct a communal tent. This difference in habit merits special consideration in any comparative study of larval behaviour, particularly in one concerned with the effects of physical factors upon the insects, since a tent modifies the effects of the physical environment considerably. Recently, a series of such studies was carried out, and one part of the work consisted of laboratory and field observations on the light reactions of larvae. The results obtained have raised a number of new questions which unfortunately cannot be answered now, hecause two of the species have been difficult to obtain in quantity since 1950. Nevertheless, the findings are presented here without additional delay, since they are of general interest, and other workers may wish to use them.

scholarly journals NOTES ON PREDACEOUS HETEROPTERA, WITH PROF. UHLER'S DESCRIPTION OF TWO SPECIES

1897 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 115-118
Author(s):  
A. H. Kirkland
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
The Other ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Porthetria Dispar ◽  
The Common ◽  
Tent Caterpillars ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

During the month of May, 1896, while making field observations in Malden and Medford, Mass., upon the insects known to attack the gypsy moth (Porthetria dispar), I found that many of the common predaceous bugs upon emerging from hibernation greedily availed themselves of the food supply offered by the tent caterpillar and destroyed large numbers of this insect. Podisus placidus, P. serieventris, P. modestus, Dendrocoris humeralis, Euschistus fissilis, E. tristigmus, E. ictericus, E. politus n. sp., Menecles insertus and Diplodus lividus were often found feeding upon partially grown tent caterpillars. Podisus placidus and P. serieventris enter the tents and prey upon the inmates, but the other species generally attacked the larvæ while they were feeding. The species of Euschistus are the least predaceous and it is probable that they naturally feed more upon plants than upon insects.

Wood Anatomy of Trees and Shrubs from China Vii. Sapindaceae

IAWA Journal ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Baizhong ◽  
B. J. H. ter Welle ◽  
R. K. W. M. Klaassen
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Diffuse Porous

The wood anatomy of 24 species belonging to 18 genera of the Sapindaceae native to China is described. Despite the wood anatomical homogeneity of the Chinese taxa of the family, it is possible to key out individual genera as long as the unknown material is confined to Chinese species. In general, the wood of Sapindaceae is characterised by diffuse-porous vessel distribution, simple perforations, alternate intervessei pits, comrnonly septate libriform fibres, usually scanty paratracheal parenchyma, mainly uniseriate rays and prismatic crystals common in chambered parenchyma and or fibres. The two taxa from temperate regions are ring-porous.

Does Early-Season Defoliation of Crabapple (Malus sp.) by Eastern Tent Caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) Induce Resistance to Japanese Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)?

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty Kreuger ◽  
Daniel A. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Induced Systemic Resistance ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Eastern Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Induce Resistance ◽  
Tent Caterpillars ◽  
And Control ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

We tested the hypothesis that early-season defoliation of flowering crabapple, Malus sp., by eastern tent caterpillars, Malacosoma americanum F., induces localized or systemic resistance to Japanese beetles, Popillia japonica Newman, feeding on the same trees in late June. ‘Candymint Sargent’ crabapple trees were inoculated with M. americanum egg masses, resulting in extensive defoliation during March and April. Second flush leaves of defoliated trees were smaller and thinner than those of control trees. In laboratory feeding assays with non-damaged foliage, beetles generally preferred fully expanded leaves over partially expanded ones, regardless of whether or not the source tree had been defoliated. Detached first flush leaves with caterpillar damage were fed upon less than comparable non-damaged leaves, suggesting that early-season wounding causes some within-leaf reduction in palatability to P. japonica. Other assays with detached first- and second-flush leaves, however, indicated absence of induced, systemic resistance. Previously-defoliated and control trees sustained comparable damage from natural beetle populations in the field. Our results suggest that defoliation of Malus sp. by tent caterpillars in early spring is unlikely to reduce feeding damage by Japanese beetles later in the same growing season.

Effects of a forest tent caterpillar outbreak on the dynamics of mixedwood boreal forests of eastern Canada

Ecoscience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Moulinier ◽  
François Lorenzetti ◽  
Yves Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Tent Caterpillar
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